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1980 Water Rate Study ,. ... .,. , ~ tlLSON COMPANY ENGIN EERS Am".'" j ENGINEERS ARCHITECTS Telex... 417909 VVILCOE SAL PLANNERS 919 827-0499 An Equal Opport:unl"ty . Employer C:"':"ice Location... e~n EAST CRAVVFORD AVE. . SALINA. KANSAS 87401 Mailing Address... RO. BOX 1648 . SALINA. KANSAS 67401 October 1980 Mayor and Commissioners City of Salina Salina, Kansas 67401 Re: Salina, Kansas Water Rate Study WCEA File: 79-139 Mayor and Commissioners: In accordance with your authorization, we have prepared and are hereby submitting a two volume engineering report covering our study, analyses and recommendations. The first volume is entitled Salina, Kansas, Water Rate Study. Volume two, entitled Salina, Kansas, Water Rate Study Supplement, is attached. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of Dean Boyer, Director of Engineering and Utilities; and other Water Utility personnel, while compiling the information required for this study. As your consultants, we would welcome the opportunity to meet with you to discuss this report. We hope this report meets with your approval. WILSON & COMPANY ~;~~ William E. Vaupel, Jr. Attach. -ciw SALINA. KS . KANSAS CITV. KS . VVICHITA. KS . ALBUQUERQUE. NM . . \1 SALINA, KANSAS WATER RATE STUDY SUPPLEMENT ENGINEERING REPORT ***** OCTOBER 1980 (79-139) 11LSON COMPANY e.NOIN'.IlS AllcHITacTs t ~ PURPOSE The Water Rate Study Supplement has been prepared to provide the City of Salina Water Utility with an alternate method of increasing water rates. It shows what adjustments in the rate schedule can be made annually to produce the annual revenue requirements for 1981, 1982, and 1983. IMPACT OF LARGE RATE INCREASE VS. MORE FREQUENT SMALL INCREASES In the Water Rate Study the proposed water rate schedule is designed to produce the revenue requirements for the five year period 1980-84. The magnitude of rate increase (46 percent increase over the present rates) required to produce revenues for this five year period is likely to have a significant impact on the utility's customers. Therefore, the Salina Water Utility may desire to have several smaller rate increases in this five year period rather than one large rate increase. Customers seem to understand and accept small increases much better1than large increases, even though the small increases are more frequent. ANNUAL RATE ADJUSTMENT An annual rate increase can help to m1n1m1ze the initial impact rate increases have on the utility's customers. Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the proposed water rate schedules and represent annual rate adjustments for the years 1981, 1982 and 1983 respectively. The proposed rate schedules have been developed using the data, projections, and the same methods outlined in the Water Rate Study. Each rate schedule is designed to produce suffi- cient revenues to meet the revenue requirements for the year for which it is proposed. Revenue requirements projected for 1981, 1982, and 1983 are $2,184,600, $2,356,400, and $2,746,400, respectively. When compared to the rate schedules proposed for 1982 and 1983, the largest rate increase will occur when the rate schedule proposed for 1981 is imple- mented. It represents an initial increase of 39 percent over the present rates. Whereas, an initial 46 percent increase in the present rates would be required to cover the revenue requirements for the five year period 1980-84 if the proposed rate schedule in Table 5-4 of the Water Rate Study were implemented. The rate schedules proposed for 1982 and 1983 represent more moderate increases of 7 percent over the previous year's proposed rate schedule. lR.D. Hardten, "Water Rates in Inflationary Times", Manal!;ing Water Rates and Finances, AWWA, 1979, pp. 84-86. 1 TABLE 1 SALINA, KANSAS PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULE FOR 1981 Rates Inside City First 2,000 cubic feet @ $0.82 per 100 cubic feet Next 4,000 cubic feet @ $0.70 per 100 cubic feet Next 14,000 cubic feet @ $0.60 per 100 cubic feet Allover 20,000 cubic feet @ $0.52 per 100 cubic feet Monthly Minimum Charges Size of Meter Minimum Charge Cubic Feet Allowed 5/8" 3/4" 1" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" $ 4.10 7.00 10.50 18.00 28.00 54.00 94.00 164.00 294.00 300 600 900 1,500 2,400 4,800 8,400 14,400 25,200 Rates Outside City Water consumed in excess of minimum is charged at 125 percent of the rates inside City. Minimum charge is two (2) times minimum charge for water consumed inside City. Rural Water District's minimum charge is 125 percent of inside City minimum. Bulk Sales $10.00 minimum charge plus $3.50 per 1,000 gallons (or 134 cubic feet). 2 TABLE 2 SALINA, KANSAS PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULE FOR 1982 Rates Inside City First 2,000 cubic feet @ $0.85 per 100 cubic feet Next 4,000 cubic feet @ $0.80 per 100 cubic feet Next 14,000 cubic feet @ $0.70 per 100 cubic feet Allover 20,000 cubic feet @ $0.60 per 100 cubic feet Monthly Minimum Char~es Size of Meter Minimum Charge Cubic Feet Allowed 5/8" 3/4" 1" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" $ 4.40 7.40 11.00 19.00 30.00 57.00 99.00 175.00 310.00 300 600 900 1,500 2,400 4,800 8,400 14,400 25,200 Rates Outside City Water consumed in excess of minimum is charged at 125 percent of the rates inside City. Minimum charge is two (2) times minimum charge for water consumed inside City. Rural Water District's minimum charge is 125 percent of inside City minimum. Bulk Sales $10.00 minimum charge plus $3.50 per 1,000 gallons (or 134 cubic feet). 3 I TABLE 3 SALINA, KANSAS PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULE FOR 1983 Rates Inside City First 2,000 cubic feet @ $0.91 per 100 cubic feet Next 4,000 cubic feet @ $0.83 per 100 cubic feet Next 14,000 cubic feet @ $0.75 per 100 cubic feet Allover 20,000 cubic feet @ $0.65 per 100 cubic feet Monthly Minimum Charges Size of Meter Minimum Charge Cubic Feet Allowed 5/8" 3/4" I" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" $ 4.70 7.90 11.80 20.00 32.00 61. 00 105.00 187.00 331.00 300 600 900 1,500 2,400 4,800 8,400 14,400 25,200 Rates Outside City Water consumed in excess of minimum is charged at 125 percent of the rates inside City. Minimum charge is two (2) times minimum charge for water consumed inside City. Rural Water District's minimum charge is 125 percent of inside City minimum. Bulk Sales $10.00 minimum charge plus $3.50 per 1,000 gallons (or 134 cubic feet). 4 .. . SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Annual rate adjustments. provide an opportunity for the water utility to maintain its essential revenues during a period of inflationary c02ts and to minimize the impact of these escalating costs on its customers. Annual rate adjustments allow the utility to increase the rates each year rather than having one larger increase to cover the costs of service for a period of several years. Customer's tend to understand and accept small frequent rate increases much better than less frequent large increases. Based on this study of water rates and annual rate adjustment, the follow- ing recommendations are made to the City of Salina Water Utility as an alternative to Recommendation No. 1 - "Adopt the proposed water rate schedule shown in Table 5-4" in the Water Rate Study: 1. Implement the proposed water rate schedule for 1981 shown in Table 1 as soon as possible and prior to 1981. 2. Implement the proposed water rate schedule for 1982 shown in Table 2 on January 1, 1982. 3. Implement the proposed water rate schedule for 1983 shown in Table 3 on January I, 1983. 4. Review the water utility's revenUes and expenditures annually to determine if the water rate schedule is providing adequate revenues. 2John R. Shields, "Automatic Rate Adjustment", Mana~in~ Water Rates and Finances, AWWA, 1979, pp. 147-148. 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I JULY 1980 (79-139) SALINA, KANSAS WATER RATE STUDY ENGINEERING REPORT ***** Dan S. Geis, Mayor Commissioners Roy W. Allen Keith G. Duckers Karen M. Graves Dr. Merle A. Hodges Rufus L. Nye, City Manager D.L. Harrison, City Clerk L.O. Bengtson, City Attorney Dean L. Boyer, Director of Engineering.and Utilities Wesley Morris, Supt. Water Plant o o 11LSON COMPANY ENOINI.I!.R.S ARCHITICTS 1 I II I I i II I I I I' I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I SECTION 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1-1 I PURPOSE 1-1 SCOPE 1-1 I RECOMMENDATIONS 1-2 SECTION 2 - WATER REQUIREMENTS 2-1 I POPULATION 2-1 I WATER CONSUMPTION 2-1 WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS 2-1 I SECTION 3 - REVENUE REQUIREMENTS 3-1 GENERAL 3-1 I REVIEW OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES 3-1 I PROJECTED REVENUE REQUIREMENTS 3-5 SECTION 4 - ALLOCATIONS OF COSTS 4-1 'I GENERAL 4-1 ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO COST FUNCTIONS 4-1 I UNIT COSTS OF SERVICE 4-2 I ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO CUSTOMER CLASSES 4-3 SECTION 5 - DEVELOPMENT OF RATE SCHEDULE 5-1 I GENERAL 5-1 FORMS OF RATE SCHEDULES 5-1 I - DEVELOPMENT OF STEPPED RATE SCHEDULES 5-2 I PRESENT AND PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULES 5-4 BILLING PROCEDURE CHANGES 5-6 I EFFECT OF FUTURE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS ON WATER RATES 5-7 I A I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLES 2-1 - HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENTS 2-3 2-2 - PROJECTED WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1982 2-4 2-3 - CUSTOMER DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1982 2-5 3-1 - WATER UTILITY REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES follows 3-1 3-2 - COMBINATION WATER, SEWER AND SANITATION UTILITY ACCOUNTS 3-3 3-3 - PROJECTED WATER UTILITY EXPENDITURES AND REVENUE REQUIREMENTS follows 3-4 4-1 - ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO FUNCTIONS follows 4-1 4-2 - UNIT COSTS OF SERVICE 4-3 4-3 - ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO CUSTOMER CLASSES follows 4-3 5-1 - MINIMUM USAGE BLOCKS 5-2 5-2 - SUBSEQUENT USAGE BLOCK COSTS 5-3 - PRESENT WATER RATE SCHEDULE 5-3 5-4 5-4 - PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULE 5-5 5-5 - PRESENT WATER RATES VS. PROPOSED WATER RATES 5-6 PLATES 5-1 - WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS BY CUSTOMER CLASSES follows 5-2 B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SECTION 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS PURPOSE The Water Rate Study has been prepared to review existing water rates and then, based upon that historical review and projected future operation requireme s, a new water rate structure that will ensure a continue "se taining" 0 eration of the City of Salina Water Utility. The reco ed new wa er rate structure is designed to provide the Salina Water Utility with sufficient revenue from its operation to enable the utility to: 1. Provide adequate service to its customers, 2. Maintain the water system and water treatment facilities, 3. Earn a reasonable return for preventive maintenance (replacement and depreciation), 4. Maintain a financial status as required to borrow money at rea- sonable interest rates for expansion and replacement of water system facilities. This revenue is to be developed from the rates assessed for water sold and the services rendered by the utility to its customers. SCOPE The review includes: a summary of the water utility expenditures and revenues since 1972; a summary of population, pumped and metered water consumption since 1972; projections of previously mentioned parameters and proposed changes in operating and accounting procedures through the year 1984. Also included are recommendations for changes in the water rate structure as required to produce adequate revenue for operating costs and capital costs. Previous capital improvements for which debt service has been issued are discussed in earlier ~ngineering Reports and therefore, are not discussed in further detail. ' The year 1977 is considered representative of normal operating conditions. Projections and calculations are based on the water usage and revenue for that year. lWilson & Company, Salina, Kansas, Water Distribution Study, (1972). 2Wilson & Company, Salina, Kansas, Water Study 1968-2010, (1968). 1-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I RECOMMENDATIONS Based on this study of water rates, the following recommendations are made to the City of Salina Water Utility: 1. Adopt the proposed water rate schedule shown in Table 5-4. 2. Establish a new account for annual preventive maintenance expenses ~ and for the amounts shown in Table 3-3 - Projected Water Utility Expenditures and Revenue Requirements for 1980-84. 3. Continue financing minor capital improvements through operating revenues produced from water rates. Annual expenditures projected for minor capital improvements are shown in Table 3-3. 4. Establish a cost accounting system for depreciation of water system facilities. Depreciation is di~ction 3 under Review of Revenues and Expenditures. A study of the investments in different types of water system facilities and the depreciation rates applicable for each type of these facilities will be neces- sary to realistically establish a cost accounting system for depreciation. 5. ) ) Establish a policy for billing a customer (who is provided water service through meters connected in parallel) for the minimum charge applicable for an equivalent size of meter. This is discussed in Section 5 under Billing Procedure Changes. 6. Review the water utility's revenues and expenditures AnnuAlly to determine if the water rate schedule is providing ade~revenues. 7. 8. Consider a change Bimonthly billing Changes. Eliminate the $25.00 flat fee charged for tapping a water main [\ with a I-inch top. Establish a policy for charging a fee equal to the actual cost for tapping a water main. from monthly billing to~onthlv ~~~ling. . is discussed in Section 5 under Bil 1ng Procedure 9. Eliminate the $2.00 per frontage foot charge for extending water {t service into newly developed areas. Establish a policy of charging for such service on a basis that reflects actual costs to the City. 1-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SECTION 2 - WATER REQUIREMENTS POPULATION Historical and projected population are summarized in Table 2-1 for the years 1972 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984, respectively. A steady increase in population has occurred in the City since 1972, from 36,609 to 40,916 in 1979. This trend should continue. A population of 42,400 is projected for 1982 and 43,400 for 1984. This population projection is based on current information available from the City, previous studies, and the population trend projected to exist during the study period of this water rate study as developed by Wilson & Company. WATER CONSUMPTION I I I I I I I Historical and projected water consumption are summarized in Table 2-1 for the years 1972 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984, respectively. Water consumption in Salina has been relatively constant since 1971, ranging from 123 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) in 1972 to 138 gallons per capita per day in 1976. Annual metered consumption has increased from 219.25 million cubic feet (mcf) in 1972 to 252.90 million cubic feet in 1979. This increasing trend in total metered consumption is expected to continue, although the constant. For use in this Study, a constant water consumption 01.127 gallons per capita per day will be utilized through 1984. Total metered ' water consumption will be 262.76 and 268.96 million cubic feet per year (mcfy), respectively, for 1982 and 1984. These projections are conserva- tive to ensure development of sufficient revenue in abnormal years. Speci- fically, if an unusually high precipitation year occurs, the quantity of water normally sold will decrease and, therefore, the revenue collected \ will decrease. However, during this same year the City's cost of operat- ing, maintaining, extending the water system and retiring debt will decreas~ little, if any. -;/ WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS There are three principal types of water users in Salina: residential, commercial, and industrial. These water users have been divided into cus- tomer classes that typically have similar water use characteristics, pri- marily similar demand characteristics. The division of residential, com- mercial, and industrial water users into customer classes having similar water use characteristics provides an effective approach to determine the -Cost 0): pcov1aing service to each customer class and the applicable rate schedule to recover these costs from that particular class of customers. I Water users have been divided into four customer classes: residential, multi-family residential, commercial, and combined business. Based on the number of customers and annual water usage, the residential customer class is the largest class of users. The residential class consists of residential meters inside ana oU~s1de ~he C1ty Limits, residential yard meters, yard ./ I II 2-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I meters, multi-unit yard meters, and commercial yard meters. The commer~ial customer class, consisting of commercial meters inside and outside-the City Limits, is the second largest class of users. The multi-family customer class, when compared to the other classes, has the lowest annual water usage and consists of multi-family meters and commercial multi-family meters. The combined business customer class has the lowest number of customers and consists of combined business meters. These meter designa- tions (i.e., yard meters) are currently used by the City to designate the type of water user. I I I I I I I I I ~ I I I 2-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -c.... 0 ..... El t""'l\o~Q'\ '" 0\ . .... . .... ..('l"') CO N 0.... It'l ~"" '" I "'~ 0\ ..... ~I .....r--a-e~ '" ~ oN . .... I ..\0 CO 0 00 It'l ~"" '" Olt'l -c ..... ~I OO~O\) '" ..:; . P""4 . .... @ "N CO 00 """" -c ' I 0\0\ .... ~"" '" ~I -clt'l~..... It'l ...... "'(',I CO I/') 000 ~ ~'" '" '" 0'" -c ..... I .., ~I O"'~OO '" (:) = 0\ . .... .... III .. c:o CO IJ"l '" E! "'''' -c, .., "''''' It'l OJ ~"" N = ~I OO-c~"" .. III -c . "" . .... I ell E! ...NCO'" :l ~ OJ 0\'" -c I .. """" '" OJ 00 -0' ,..; fI:l .... 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'-' "'--J.tJ ~ \oJ "''''' III "''''' III I ""~IllX:= ""~IllX:= .. .. 0 .. .. 0 Cl g-...... "'.... = g-.... .. "'.... o 04J""'~ o O"",,a,J,j.,I 01"4 CU"1"'4 ~ .... Ill.... "" .., "" .., x: "" .., "" .... x: "" ~ I '" Cl '" '" Cl " r-l 1-4 Q.J ,,",U UJ ..... ,.. OJ "'" (.) ~ :l .. "Ill Cl :l III "Ill Cl "".... .. .... .. 0 ~..., ,.,. +J ""' 0 OCUG.lCU4JU o "'Ill "'1ll<..1 ""~""~"" ""~""~"" I I 2-3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Table 2-2 presents the projected water use characteristics for 1982. The percent of totals for number of customers and annual water usage used to project characteristics for 1982 were developed from 1977 water use char- acteristics. TABLE 2-2 PROJECTED WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1982 I I I I I I I I I Number Percent Annual Percent of of Total Water Usage of Total Customers No. Customers (mcfy) Water Use Residential 13,120 87.0% 144.52 55%/ Multi-Family 588 3.9% 15.77 6%/ Commercial 1,342 8.9% 60.43 23%1, Combined Business 30 0.2% 42.04 16% TOTAL 15,080 100.0% 262.76 100% Note: mcfy = million cubic feet per year number of customers = no. of bills per month & no. of meters For each class of customers, the annual water use, demand characteristics, number of bills rendered, and meters used and serviced annually are factors that provide a measure of customer class responsibility. Table 2-3 pre- sents the customer demand characteristics for the customer classes. I I I I 2-4 I I I I I I II I I I I I I, I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE 2-3 CUSTOMER DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR 1982 Annual Usage (mcfy) Average Daily Usage (mcfd) Demand Factor (ratio) Total Demand (mcfd) Extra Demand (mcfd) Percent Extra Demand Maximum Day Characteristics: Residential 144.52 0.40 3.25 1.30 0.90 11% Multi-Family 15.77 0.04 2.75 0.11 0.07 5% Commercial 60.43 0.16 2.25 0.36 0.20 16% Combined Bus. 42.04 0.12 1.80 0.22 0.10 ~ TOTAL 262.76 0.72 1.99 1.27* 100% Maximum Hour Characteristics: Residential 144.52 0.40 5.00 2.00 1.60 70% Multi-Family 15.77 0.04 4.25 0.17 0.13 6% Commercial 60.43 0.16 3.50 0.56 0.40 18% Combined Bus. 42.04 0.12 2.25 0.27 0.15 ~ TOTAL 262.76 0.72 3.00 2.28** 100% *1.27 mcfd x 365 days/year = 463.55 mcfy **2.28 mcfd x 365 days/year = 832.20 mcfy NOTE: mcfy = million cubic feet per year mcfd = million cubic feet per day 2-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SECTION 3 - REVENUE REQUIREMENTS GENERAL I I The Revenue requirements of a publicly owned water utility are not generally based on a rate of return, but on cash or budget requirements. The City of Salina Water Utility is typical in this respect. The Salina Water Utility is not operated for a profit, but attempts to recover sufficient revenue to cover total operating costs and capital costs. Operating costs include both direct costs of operating the system and costs of maintaining system facilities. Capital costs include annual costs incurred with investment in system facilities: replacement, extensions, and improvements of facilities. Major capital investments are normally financed through debt service: serial bonds whose retirement (payment of principal, interest, and stipulated reserves) is provided for annually. I I I I I I I. I I I In order to project future revenue requirements (the sum of operating costs and capital costs) past revenues and expenditures must be reviewed and analyzed for trends. REVIEW OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES Revenues and expenditures of the Salina Water Utility have been reviewed to evaluate the financial results of the operations of the utility for the years 1972 through 1979. Table 3-1 presents a summary of major revenue and expenditure accounts for each fiscal year from 1972 through 1979. Revenue accounts show the reVenues the utility derives from furnishing water services and from services incidental thereto. Revenue accounts of the Salina Water Utility include the following: "Revenue from Sale of Water" account includes revenues developed from water sold to customers as determined from the rate schedule and metered quantity of water. "Tapping and Frontage Footage" account includes revenues from assess- ments for use of water mains by properties that were not using water on September 13, 1954 and have not subsequently been in a benefit district. A $25.00 flat fee is charged for tapping a water main with a I" tap. The fee charged for other size taps are charged at cost. Whenever a person desires to obtain water service to a property, not heretofore served with water by the City, a fee of $2.00 multiplied by the front footage of the property to be served is charged. I I "Interest on Investments" account includes revenues from interest earned on investment of moneys held in any account which are not immediately needed for the purposes of that account. For example, the moneys held in the "Combined Water and Sewage System Depreciation and Emergency Replacement Account", "Combined Water and sewage System Extension and Bond Retirement Account", and "Reserve Account for Revenue Bonds" may be invested when these moneys are not immediately needed. The latter accounts appear on the "Balance Sheet" as "Liabilities". I I 3-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ .. ~ ... ... 0 0 .. ... '" .. ': '" .... "! .; ~. 0 J:: in '" '" '" ~ "< . ;;. ;;. ~ ~ ~ ~ is " '" ;;; .. ;;; ;;; ~ ... ~. 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'" 0 ~ ~ ~ llt ~ .. ~ ;::. is .. .. :Ii. ~ "< "! ... ;;; ... .,; .. ~ .. ~ ;;; ... ~ .. .. .. .. 0 - '" ~ - ~ ;;. ;;. - - - .. ~ .. z ~ x ~ z .. 2 ~ .... .. .. III z ~ ~ .. ::l .. z x ~ '" ~ .. .. u ~ .... <IJ x z '" ~ .. .. ~ !l' I- ~ .... .. <IJ .. .... .. '" ~ .. <IJ z ~ .. ~ z ~ z 15 '" ~ >- .... .. 0 .. ~ .. u I- .. .. .. ~ <) z i! z .... e <IJ x ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ z '" ~ .. u E .. c .. .. is ~ z 0 :! x ~ ~ x .... ~ Cl ~ ~ .. ~ u ~ .... <) .. c .. .... z u .. ~ ~ !:: z Z >- ~ z c ~ ~ .. ~ f: ~ ~ .. =: .... ~ ...J ~ .... .. .. .. x ;, .. .... .. x .. '" ~ .... ~ 0 ~ :!: .. u ~ ~ => z => ~ .... .. ll:: .. e !!! Ii! .. ~ u ... ~ z z Z .. a: ~ c .. "" ~ ~ .. ~ .. .... ~ l; l; ~ .... .... .... ~ '" .. '" .a. .... ... ~ !:? .. .... ~ z z .... .... 0 c 0 => <) 0 ;: ,. .. .. .. u c .. <IJ "" ll:: ~ l- e z "" a. x "" Ii) <IJ o ...J I- "" Z ll:: 2 lJJ .. .. :;; ~ ~ .... .... 8 .. .. ~ ~ ~ ~ i: ~ ~ .... .... I- ; ; lJJ '" 'I< Z 'I< g ... ... '" '" .. >- ~ - .. .. .. .. => .. .... .. z .. ... .. x ~ ~ .... e .. !:l ;;; ~ z :; ~ ... s ~ .. .... .. .. .. ; ~ - ~ ~ ~ '" ... .. - ;: .. .. ... - N ~ ~ Ii :: ~ .. .. .. = - ~ 8 is .. - - ~ :::. .. ~ ~ :: ~ ;:\ ;:\ >- >- .... i ;! .... .... ... ... .. .. >- ,.. ~ ~ ;! !3 ~ z .. 'I ~ ~ ~ ,.. ,.. .... .... u ... ~ ~ ... ... ... ... ~ ~ ~ ~ .. .. ;:\;:\ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I "Fire Hydrant" account includes revenues from the resale of fire hydrants to contractors for installation in extension projects. I "Gain on Advance Refunding" account includes revenues or gain re- sulting from redemption of a bond issue before maturity by a new bond issue at conditions more favorable (i.e., lower interest rates) to the issuer (City). I I Expenditures consist of operating costs and capital costs accounts. Operating costs accounts show the expenses for depreciation, taxes, operation and maintenance applicable to furnishing water utility service. However, the Salina Water Utility does not presently record any expenses for depreciation. Operating costs accounts of the Salina Water Utility include the following: I I "Water Supply Expenses" consist of utilities, well house, signals and maintenance costs incurred in the operation of the supply wells and river intake. I "Softening and Treatment Expenses" consist of superv1s1on, labor, supplies, chemicals, utilities, and maintenance costs incurred in the operation of the water treatment plant. I "Pumping Expenses" consist of supervision, labor, utilities, supplies, and maintenance costs incurred in the operation of the water distribution pumping stations. I I "Distribution Expenses" consist of superv1s1on, labor, vehicle, equip- ment, tapping supplies; .meter maintenance, salaries and supplies; mainten- ance of distribution mains, elevated tanks, and hydrants; miscellaneous materials and labor. I "Customer's Accounting and Collection Expenses" and "Administrative and General Expenses" are both combined accounts for the water, sewer and sanitation utilities. The water, sewer, and sanitation share of these expenses for each account are tabulated in Table 3-2. Only the water utility's share of these expenses will be considered and shown in the tables. I I I I I I I 3-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I TABLE 3-2 COMBINATION WATER, SEWER AND SANITATION UTILITY ACCOUNTS PERCENT SHARE OF EXPENSES WATER SEWER SANITATION -- ACCOUNT CUSTOMER'S ACCOUNTING & COLLECTION EXPENSES: Office Salaries 60% 25% 15% Servicemen & Meter Readers' Salaries 100% Servicemen & Meter Readers' Supplies 100% Collection Stations 60% 25% 15% Maintenance - Office & Equipment 60% 25% 15% Postage 40% 40% 20% Miscellaneous Supplies & Expenses 70% 20% 10% Lease EDP Equipment 60% 25% 15% ADMINISTRATIVE & GENERAL EXPENSES: Supervision 50% 50% Salaries 50% 50% Social Security 69% 31% Employees Retirement 69% 31% Insurance - Building & Accident 50% 50% Sales Tax 100% Property Tax 70% 30% Services Performed by Other Departments 50% 50% Building - Maintenance, Utilities, etc. 60% 25% 15% Miscellaneous Supplies & Expenses 50% 30% 20% Capital costs consist of a minor capital improvements account, bond and interest expense account: "Minor Capital Improvements" account includes the costs for con- structing improvements and extensions to the water distribution system and water treatment plant to the extent that such costs can be provided directly from revenues. "Bond and Interest Expense" is a combined water and sewer account. The water utility share and sewer utility share of the bond and interest expense are 54.2 percent and 45.8 percent, respectively. This account includes expenses for bond principal payments, bond interest payments, issuance costs, and interest expense. Water utility revenues increased an average of 14.3 percent* per year from 1972 to 1979 and averaged $1,229.106 (Table 3-1). Expenditures averaged $1,102,851 from 1972 to 1979 and fluctuated with an increasing trend of 12.6 percent* per year apparent. Operating costs steadily increased 12.4 *compounded annual interest 3-3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! i I II I I I I I I II rate percent* per year from 1972 to 1979 and averaged $803,658. Capital costs remained relatively constant from 1972 to 1979 and averaged $299,193. The water utility experienced net losses from its operations for the years 1972 and 1975. Net income (including net losses) for the period from 1972 to 1979 averaged $126,255. As emphasized earlier, depreciation is considered an applicable operating cost; however, the Salina Water Utility currently does not record any annual expenses for depreciation. I I I Depreciation is the loss of value of water system facilities, not restored by current maintenance, which is due to all the factors causing ultimate retirement of those facilities. These factors include wear and tear, decay, inadequacy and obsolescence. Depreciation cost accounting is usually based on an annual percentage of the investment in facilities adequate to return the original investment to the utility during the useful life of those facilities. I I II II I II I I I I I I The annual percentage or rate of depreciation varies with expected service life of each type of facilities (i.e., pumps, mains, elevated storage tanks, etc). This results in different depreciation rates being applied to different types of water system facilities. In the past the Salina Water Utility has had little or no money available for immediate replacement of water system facilities that have either expectantly or unexpectantly failed (because of wear and tear, obsolescence, etc). In such emergencies, the utility has used funds available from the "Combined Water and Sewage System Depreciation and Emergency Replacement Account" established by the bond covenant. Implementation of a cost accounting system for depreciation would ensure: 1. Funds are available to replace facilities as they are ultimately retired. 2. These funds are recovered annually and equitably through an adequate rate structure. 3. Minimal water rate increases due to costs for periodic and sometimes unpredictable replacement of system facilities. An intensive study of the investments in different types of water system facilities and the applicable depreciation rates for each type of facilities is required to realistically establish a cost accounting system for depreciation. A study of this magnitude is beyond the scope of this report. Realizing the immediate need for a cost accounting system for depreciation, it is recommended the Salina Water Utility temporarily add an operating cost account for "Preventive Maintenance" until a cost accounting system for annual depreciation has been established. The preventive maintenance account is defined later in "Projected Revenues Requirement". 3-4 !- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I II PROJECTED REVENUE REQUIREMENTS Development of revenue requirements is the first step in the rate design process. Future revenue requirements are equal to the utility's projected cost of providing service which is the total of projected operating costs and capital costs. Projected water utility expeditures and revenue re- quirements for years 1980 through 1984 are shown in Table 3-3. Expend- itures, operating costs and capital costs, are projected based on a review of historical revenues and expenditures and estimates of anticipated future expenses due to changes in operation or the addition of new system facilities. The total revenue requirements developed in Table 3-3 are to be developed from the sale of water and do not include any revenues from other income sources. Other income sources include the "Tapping and Front Footage", "Miscellaneous Income", "Interest on Investments", "Fire Hydrant", and "Gain on Advance Refunding" accounts shown in Table 3-1. These accounts are not included in the projected revenue requirements because their revenues fluctuate widely each year and therefore they are not a dependable source of revenue. Any revenue developed from these accounts would lower the total revenue requirements shown in Table 3-3. Water utility operating costs are projected to increase 12.8 percent per year from 1979 to 1984. From 1972 to 1979 operating costs increased an average of 12.4 percent per year. The largest anticipated increases in operating costs will be in energy related accounts (i.e., utility costs for operating supply wells, followed by maintenance and supplies, and then supervision and salaries). Energy related accounts are projected to increase between 15 to 25 percent annually. Supervision and salaries (operating) costs are projected to increase 7 percent annually. Maintenance, supplies and other operating expense accounts are projected to increase between 10 to 15 percent annually. The following new operating cost account included in Table 3-3 should be added to the water utility's system of accounts: "Preventive Maintenance" account includes the costs for labor and materials used annually in performing preventive maintenance, constructing replacements to the water distribution system and water treatment plant. Costs for preventive maintenance are estimated projected to remain a constant $100,000 per year (Table 3-3). Water utility capital costs, are projected to remain relatively constant from 1980 through 1984. Projected bond and interest expenses are based on the schedule of debt service and sinking fund requirements for 1978 series water and sewer revenue bonds. The water and sewer utilities' share of bond and interest expense are 85 and 15 percent, respectively. No major capital improvements which would require new debt financing are included for the period 1980 to 1984. Possible major capital improvements and their impact on water rates are discussed in a later section of the report. Minor capital improvements are estimated and projected to remain a constant $300,000 per year. 3-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I In Table 3-3 year 1982 has been selected as the target year. The revenue requirements for the target year (1982) represent the minimum (average) level of revenue that must be produced to provide adequate service and ensure a "self-sustaining" operation of the Salina Water Utility over the next five years (1980-84). The revenue requirements and expenditures for the target year are used in later sections of the report for allocations of costs and development of a rate schedule. 3-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '" ..... Z '" :=; w e:: I :0 0 '" e:: w I :0 Z '" >'<t '" 00 e::a> 0 I Z", <(,!l :0 "'0 '" "'e:: ,e::", '" :0..... I ..... '" -0 -' 000 00 Za> < "'- ..... 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'" N '" '" '" <> '" '" <> '" '" '" - ... - ... - '" '" '" '" - N - - - - 8 8 <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> <> :5 <> <> =: .. '" "'. - .... ~ '" .. .. .... '" '" .. .. ,.; N :5 .... '" .,; '" <> .. '" N '" .... <> '" <> '" .. '" - - - ... - =: '" '" '" <> N - - - - '" ... '" z ... ... >< ... z <> '" ... I- '" '" '" z ... ... ... '" ..... ... z ..... >< ... <> ... * '" ... '" I- en >< ..... ~ ... z ... .. .. '" '" Ij/ fo- '" ... I- z en '" I- '" '" ... '" '" en ... ... '" ... z ... :!: z z co ... > I- '" 0 '" ... '" ... .. '" fo- >< <> '" ... z j! Z I- '" Z en ... '" <> '" u ... ... z ... '" ... '" '" ... ~ '" .. '" .. I- z 0 I- '" I- >< ... >< <> :!: '" ..... - C) ... '" '" ... '" ... I- U ... ~ <> I- z '" > ~ .. '" ..... z Z ,.. ~ z .. - '" ... .. ... i= ..... .. co I- ... ..J l- I- .. ... ... >< ;;, .. ... ... z .. >< .. '" ... I- '" > co ~ - ... '" ... <[ '" :!: '" '" I- .. '" '" .. ... '" I- ..... .. '" ..... ..... ll: z z '" a - z .. a: .. .. LlJ '" ... '" z ... I; '" '" l- I; ... I- ... l- I- > <[ .. co .. a- I- "- '" '" '" '" ... I- Z Z l- I- 0 ; co '" - '" .. '" u co '" ... co '" .. ... .. '" '" '" '" ~ <> .. '" en LlJ ll: ::> fo- 5 z LlJ a- x LlJ <> <> .. '" '" .. .... ,.. '" '" .. -; ... .. '" - '" I- '" Z '" .... .. ... .. I- .. ... .. '" ..... <> z <> '" "- ..... ..... ... .. I- .. ... '" ~ ... .. '" "':. ,.. N - <> <> .. '" '" '" ... - <> <> '" .. '" . N - <> <> .... .,; g N - ~ z ... '" ... '" '" C> ... '" en ... '" I- '" .. z LlJ z ... '" ... ,.. <> ::> > '" z ... I- '" '" ... .. LlJ ..... '" '" ~ > ~ ~ z LlJ co * ll: I- .. * I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I SECTION 4 - ALLOCATIONS OF COSTS GENERAL Total revenue requirements of a water utility are equal to the costs of providing service (operating and capital costs). In providing service, the water utility is required to supply water in amounts and at delivery rates desired by the customer. The water utility incurs costs in relationship to these operating requirements and the necessary investments in system facilities required to meet customer needs. Since these needs or require- ments for total volume of supply and peak rates of use vary among customers, so does the cost to the utility of providing service to respective customers or classes of customers. To assure equity in charges to different classes of customers, the actual cost of providing service to each class must be recovered from that class. Cost allocation procedures must recognize the specific service requirements of each class of customers for total volume of water used, peak rates of use, and billing related services. For example, a customer having a high demand factor (i.e., a high peak rate of use as compared with their average rate of use) requires larger capacity pumps, pipes and certain other system facilities than a customer who has a comparable total consumption, but uses water continuously at a uniform rate. The revenue requirements discussed in the previous section are stated in terms of capital costs and operating costs. The method used in preparing the proposed water rate structure is referred to as the "Base Extra Capacity" method. All costs of service are separated into three functions: base cost, extra capacity cost, and customer cost. Base costs are costs that tend to vary with the quantity of water used plus those operating and capital costs associated with service to customers under average load conditions. Base costs do not include the elements necessary to meet water use variations and resulting peaks in demand. The elements necessary to meet water use variations are extra capacity costs. Extra capacity costs include capital and operating costs for additional plant and system capacity beyond that required for average rate of use. Extra capacity costs are subdivided into costs necessary to meet maximum day and maximum hour demands. Customer costs are costs associated with serving customers irrespective of the amount of water used or maximum demand. These customer costs are subdivided into costs associated with providing water meters and billing services. ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO COST FUNCTIONS Costs of service, consisting of operating costs and capital costs, are allocated to the three cost functions: base cost, extra capacity cost, and customer costs. Table 4-1 presents the allocation of operating and capital costs to the cost functions. Expenses that tend to vary with water usage (i.e., power and chemical costs) are allocated to base cost. 4-1 I I I' I II I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I II I TABLE 4.1 ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO COST fUNCTIONS I tOSTFUNCTlONS EXTRA CAF'lCITY COSTS CUSTQ04ERCOSTS 1982 11tlLlIfG P1l0JECTED "SE MUIM,IM I MUI....". -<<COUNT ElPEIISE COST DAY HOUR METER OPERATING COSTS' I WATER SUPPLY EXPENSES UTILITIES I 1&5,800 I 1&5.800 MlIHTEIIANCE .. SIGIlALS 18,600 '.000 $ 10,600 SU8TOTAL I 15VIOD I 53.800 $ 10,600 SOFTENING AND TREATMENT EXPENSES SUPERVISIOIl I 38,100 I 36,100 SALARIES 132.000 56.800 . 75.200 UTILITIES. SUPPLIES.. CHEMICALS 507.000 507,000 MAIKTEIlAHCE 31&,200 11',700 19.500 SUBTOTAL I 709,300 I 6111,600 . 9ll.700 PUMPING EXPENSES SUPERVISION I 35.300 I 35,300 SALARIES 511,000 III.SOD . 3f,lUX! UTI LlTlES & SUPPLIES 52,900 52.900 MllNTEM.llICE 8,900 2.1100 . 500 SUBTOTAL I 151,100 I 105,200 $1&5.900 DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES SUPERVISION I 11,100 I 17.700 SAURrES 97.900 26,1100 S 71 500 VEKICLEI EOUIPMENTEXPEMSES" 18.800 11.800 I 1,500 2,100 I 2.'" f , ,1100 TAPPIMGSUPPLIES 18.900 11.900 METER MlIMTE","CE SAURIES 'SUPPLIES 19,700 . I MAINTENANCE OISTRtBUTION MAINS - 33.200 9.000 n.200 MfoINTf:MANCE-ELEYATEDTANKS ~,5oo 1,200 1,500 1,700 MAINTEIlAIICE - HYORAHn: . B.800 5.500 700 1,000 900 700 MISCELLAIIEOUS KiTERtALS & LABOR 3.000 .", 2,200 SUBTOTAL I 222.500 I 72,IJOO I 3,800 $102,700 $ 111,500 I 2.100 CUSTOMERS ACCOUNTING AND COLLECTION EXPENSES OFFICE SALARIES I 53,200 $53,200 SERVICEMEN,METERR[AoERSSALARIES&SUPPLIES 103,1100 $103,~ MfoINTENANCE-OffICE&EOUII'MEMT 3,000 3,000 COlLECTIONSTATlQll!S&POSTAGE 15,100 15,100 NISCElLUEOUS SUPPLIES & EXPENSES 16.700 16,700 LUSEEOPE 15,1100 15,1100 SUBTOTAL I 206,800 $103,1WO $103,~OO AOMINISTRATIVE ANO GENERAL EXPENSES .. SUPERVISIOM&SALARIEs I 211-,500 I 15,300 I 2.000 I 2,700 I; 2600 . I goo SOCIAL SECURITY & EMPLOYEES RETIREMEIIT 85,200 110,100 5,300 1.200 7.000 '.000 IIlSURANCE 58,200 36,1100 11,700 6,1100 8,200 ',500 TAXES 10,600 1111,100 5,700 1,800 7,800 5,11-00 WILDING EXPENSES 10,000 6.200 .00 1,100 1,100 '00 SERVICES PERFORMED OTHER DEPARTMENTS 15,700 ',800 1,300 1,100 1,700 1,200 MISCELLANEOUS SUPPliES & EXPENSES 111,200 '.900 1,100 1,600 1,500 1.100 ' SUBTOTAL . 25B,II00 16/,IlOO 20,!JOO 211,500 21.700 1!J,9OO PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IDO,OOO 27,000 35,000 311,000 . TOTAL.'ALLOCATlOII OF OPERATING COSTS $1,712,500 $1.03I1.IU>O $185,000 $215,000 $172,600 $125.1100 CAPITAL COSTS' I I I I I I I II I I I I M IIIOR CA P IT AL I MPROVElENTS I 300,000 I !J3,9OO $80,300 $130,500 $ 11,700 I 3.600 DE8TSERVICE 3113,900 107,700 69,100 1119,600 13,1101) '.100 TOTAL'ALLOCU10N OF CAPITAL COSTS 6113,900 201,600 129.lWO 280,100 25,100 1.700 TOTAL:ALLOCATlOII OF REY[NU[ REQUIREMENTS U,356,IIoo $1,238,000 12",11-00 $1195,200 $197,700 $133,100 I I l~ . COSTS ALLOCATED lASED Olt THE PflDPDRTlONS OR PERCENTAGES OF ALL OTHER OPERATING COSTS SALlIlA. UIlSAS WATER RATE STUDY weEA FILE: 79-0139 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Expenses associated with facilities are allocated on the design capacity requirement of each facility. Expenses incurred for facilities designed to meet maximum day demand requirements are allocated on the basis of the maximum day to average day ratio of 2.3. Thus, 43 percent of these expenses are allocated to base cost and 57 percent to maximum day extra capacity cost. Expenses related to facilities designed to meet maximum hour demand requirements are allocated on the basis of the maximum hour to average day ratio of 3.7. This allocates 27 percent of these expenses to base cost and 73 percent to maximum hour extra capacity cost. I I I I , I I I I I I I I I I I II Expenses related to facilities designed to meet both maximum day and maximum hour demands are allocated 27 percent to base cost, 35 percent to maximum day extra capacity cost, and 38 percent to maximum hour extra capacity cost. Customer costs associated with providing, maintaining, and reading meters are allocated to meter customer costs. Similarly, costs associated with billing are allocated to billing customer costs. General and administrative expenses and all other operating costs (not allocated as discussed above) are allocated on the basis or in the propor- tions of all the other operating costs. For these expenses, 62.5 percent are allocated to base cost, 8.1 percent to maximum day and 11 percent to maximum hour extra capacity costs, and 10.7 percent to meter and 7.7 per- cent to billing customer costs. The capital costs in Table 4-1 are allocated to the cost functions (base cost, extra capacity costs, and customer costs) in the proportions resulting from the allocation of the investment in all existing facilities to the cost functions. These proportions or percentage distributions of capital costs for existing facilities allocated to the cost functions are develo~ed in Table 6 - Allocation of Capital Costs of the Water Distribution Study . Thus, capital costs are allocated 31.3 percent to base cost, 20.1 percent to maximum day and 43.5 percent to maximum hour extra capacity costs, and 3.9 percent to meter and 1.2 percent to billing customer costs. Allocation of revenue requirements to cost functions for the target year 1982 is the sum of the allocation of operating costs and allocation of capital costs as shown in Table 4-1. UNIT COSTS OF SERVICE Table 4-2 presents a summary of total costs of service by cost functions and the resulting unit costs of service. The unit cost of service for base cost is the minimum unit cost of service, after recovery of customer costs, applicable only if a perfect load factor use could be achieved (perfect load factor is use of water at a continuous, equal rate 1Wilson & Company, Salina, Kansas, Water Distribution Study, (1972) 4-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I year around). Unit base cost provides a measure of the lowest potential charge in a schedule of rates for firm service, an important guide in preventing possible establishment of charges that could result in the sale of water by the utility at below cost. This unit base cost per 100 cubic feet is $0.47. I I I I TABLE 4-2 UNIT COSTS OF SERVICE Operating Capital Total Unit Cost Costs Costs Costs Units of Service - - Base Costs $1,034,400 $201,600 $1,236,000 262.76 Oldy $0.47 cd Extra Capacity Costs: Maximum Day 165,000 129,400 294,400 463.55 mcfy $0.06 ccf Maximum Hour 215,100 280,100 495,200 832.20 Oldy $0.06 cd Customer Costs: Meters 172,600 25,100 197,700 15,080 mtr. $1.10/mtr./mo. Billing 125,400 7,700 133,100 15,080 bills $0. 74/bill/mo. TOTALS $1,712,500 $643,900 $2,356,400 I I I I I I I I I I I I Note: ccf = 100 cubic feet mcfy = million cubic feet per year mtr. = meter ALLOCATION OF COSTS TO CUSTOMER CLASSES Prior sections have allocated both capital and operating costs of service to cost functions. Cost functions are distributed to each customer class in proportion to the cost responsibility each respective class contributes to the total cost of the customer classes served by the system. For each class of customers, annual water use, demand characteristics, number of bills rendered and meters used and serviced annually are factors that provide a measure of customer class responsibility. These water use characteristics and customer classes are discussed in Section 2 - Water Requirements. Table 4-3 presents the allocation of the total costs of service incurred by the water utility to the customer classes in proportion to the cost responsi- bility of each class. 4-3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '" w I '" '" .. ...J '" "" w '" I 0 >- '" :::> M'" ...0 >- I w ...J'" '" >- .. '" >-0 '" .... 0 I z 0 >- .. '" 0 I ...J ...J .. I I I I I I I '" '" 0 0 0 ....'" 0 0 0 0 0 C>- ~ ~ '" ": .. >-'" ~ '" ;;; ~ 00 '" ~ .. ~ >-" ~ .. '" ~. ;; '" - 0 0 8 8 8 l:! 0 0 ~ '" ~ ~ -: :g ~ ~ = ~ " ~ .. - - .. ::; .... .. !;; '" g ~ ~ ~ 8 " ..: .; .. .. ~ - ~ .. .. '" ! >- '" '" '" 0 " '" 8 '" '" '" 0 '" '" ~ .... ~. .. ... >- '" '" ... ... ... 0 ... - '" " - - e; >- il! >- ~ .. ~ ~ ~ 8 '" '" " .. .. ... ., .. - ~ .. '" '" 0 '" 0 ~ .. '" '" 0 l:! ... ... "'. .. '" ., '" .,; .,; ~ '" '" .. '" .. '" '" '" " ~ .. .. - - ~ = ~ i >- .. g ~ ~ ~ 8 '" ., ~ ., " ... >- .. '" = ~ " li! c " c '" 8 0 8 8 .. 8 0 >- '" .... - ., .. ~ >- ..: ,; '" '" l'l .. ~ >- '" - .. '" '" " '" '" c - - co ~ ~ i >- " ~ ~ ~ ~ g '" ;:: :!: .. " !:: .. ~ '" 8 '" '" '" '" 0 0 8 .. .. "'. ~ .... >- .,; '" .. ii\ I;; ., 0 ... ... ~ " ., '" - "'. '" - '" ;:! >- .. ~ ~ ~ l} g '" ., ~ " ~ '" - !:: .. '" ~ '" '" '" e; .. e:l .... ~ .. .... '" :;;5 ::! .. :z ::! "''' ... c co " " ... " '" .... '" , .. .. c !: '" :; .. ~ ~ !l! ... '" i 0 .. " " '" '" >- ~ co j; '" '" '" ... .. .. ... ;:! ~ c c .;; .. .... " .. ... ::; '" c ... '" '" ; '" " " 1 1 1 I I I II I II I I I' I I I , Ii I. II I I II I SECTION 5 - DEVELOPMENT OF RATE SCHEDULE I GENERAL I Water rate schedules should be designed to recover the cost of serving dif- ferent classes of customers while maintaining equity between the customer classes. Proper rate development concepts do not take quantity discount into consideration or advocate lower rates simply for water sold in larger quantities. I I Rate design should recognize cost of supplying the amount of water used, rate of use and costs involved in maintaining the customers account. Rate design should also recognize that different classes of customers have characteristic and measurable demand requirements on system facilities. I FORMS OF RATE SCHEDULES I Stepped rate schedules are based on the assumption that different customer classes have identifiable water use characteristics. Water usage blocks are developed so that the price of water reflects the true cost of service to a customer. Blocks are sized to encompass the majority of water use by anyone customer class. With stepped rates, the unit cost of water tends to decrease with increasing water consumption. I I I With inverted rate schedules, the blocks are designed so that the unit cost of water increases with increasing consumption. Such rates are generally attractive when water rationing is desirable. Inverted rates attempt to decrease water consumption through the pricing structure. This type of rate may have merit in temporarily solving an immediate problem; however, in most water utility situations the shortage of water is generally the result of inadequate facilities rather than an actual lack of water. Shortage of water may occur in supply, treatment, transmission or distri- bution because of inadequate or no action to expanded facilities (i.e., because such improvements would increase the cost of water). I I I Flat rate schedules usually have a minimum charge to recover the customer related expenses followed by a constant unit cost of water thereafter. This rate is most applicable when most users have the same water use charact- eristics. Flat rates are somewhat of a compromise between the stepped rate structure and inverted rate structure. I There are other types of rates that are variations or modifications of the three discussed. The stepped rate approach to pricing of water best fits the. needs of the Salina Water Utility. The water rate schedule developed in this report utilizes stepped rates. I I I I 5-1 I I I I I I I I I I I! I I I II I I I I I I I I I DEVELOPMENT OF STEPPED RATE SCHEDULE Minimum Usa~e Blocks I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Minimum usage blocks are established to recover customers costs, base cost and extra capacity costs incurred for providing service to the smallest users. Table 5-1 indicates the minimum monthly cost that a customer with a specific size of meter would be charged. For example, a customer having a 2-inch water meter and using 2,400 cubic feet or less in a given month would be billed $30.00 for the minimum usage block. TABLE 5-1 MINIMUM USAGE BLOCKS Meter* Minimum Minimum Usage Size Usage Block Base Extra Cap. Costs Customer Costs Block Cost (in. ) (cf) Cost Max. Day Max. Hour Meter Billin~ (Total Costs) 5/8" 300 $ 1.41 $ 0.43 $ 0.72 $ ,1.10 $0.74 $ 4.40 3/4" 600 2.82 0.84 1.44 1.56 0.74 7.40 1" 900 4.23 1.26 2.16 2.61 0.74 11.00 1-1/2" 1,500 7.05 2.10 3.60 5.51 0.74 19.00 2" 2,400 11.28 3.36 5.76 8.86 0.74 30.00 3" 4,800 22.56 6.72 11.52 15.46 0.74 57.00 4" 8,400 39.48 11. 76 20.16 26.86 0.74 99.00 6" 14,400 67.68 20.16 34.56 51.86 0.74 175.00 8" 25,200 118.44 35.28 60.48 95.06 0.74 310.00 *Meters 3-inch and larger in size are furnished, installed, and maintained by that customer. Maximum day and maximum hour extra capacity costs are computed in Table 5-1 using an extra demand factor of 2.25 and 4.0, respectively. Minimum usage block and meter customer costs for a particular meter size are based on a ratio of the capacity of that size meter to the capacity of a 5/8-inch meter. Subsequent Usage Blocks The usage blocks that control the charges for the rate schedules are de- signed on the basis of water usage information of the respective customer classes, derived from meter book and billing information from the City. Subsequent usage blocks should include sufficient numbers of users and sufficient volumes of usage to recover the costs attributable to that usage block. Plate 5-1 shows curves that express the various levels of monthly use per customer in a class as a percentage of the total water use by that class. I I The first usage block, subsequent to the m1n1mum usage block, in the pro- posed rate schedule allows a maximum usage of 2,000 cubic feet per month per customer. In Plate 5-1 the curve for the residential class shows 90 percent of the total water usage of the residential customer class occurs 5-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I, , II I I I I '" '" '" '" ::5 <.> '" I '" ~ .... '" ::> <.> >- I .. CD '" '" <.> '" .... .... ::5 ~ I ~ '" '" .... <.> .. '" ;! <.> I .... '" ::> '" '" .... , ~ , , I I I I I ..... ::><.> ..... 0:.... J--... ....CD ::> ........... e ... "'"' "-. "'''' \ ['-... -:; .......... '" ~ ~. '" <.> .; < N: ~ '" CD 0:' ........ ^ "- / ,g "- \ .>- ~I"" / l\. -.... '" <.>'" \ ~~ ::5 "'.. ........ ::! \ '" <.> <.> ::> N '" ""- ~ ~ ~:s <.><.> ~ .. \ :j ... "- , .. ........ :-.. ::> ....... ~ .... ..... ~ <.> '" "', " - .. '" ;: :; 1\ '" '" '" I \ - :..i::! CD "'... !!.' '" :E . :: I", z_ - ... ". J- '" '" '" en '" '" CD '" .... '" '" '" '" '" ". '" '" '" .... 39,sn "101 .0 1N3~ij3J '" o '" '" '" '" '" 8 '" en >- '" '" '" .. .. ::> '" .... en z '" .... .. .. '" .... . .. '" .. '" .... z '" ... .... '" .. .... .. '" .. '" ~ <.> .... ~ '" '" ... <.> CD ::> ~ '" '" ~ .... '" ::> <.> '" '" ~ '" '" ::> '" .... .... .. ,. >- .... '" .... z '" :E 8 o o '" I I I I I I I II I! I I I I I I I. I II I I II I I in the first usage block. Similarly, the curves for the multi-family class and commercial class indicate that 44 percent of the multi-family class and only 11 percent of the commercial class use occurs in the (2,000 cubic feet or less monthly usage) first usage block. Essentially, no combined business class water use occurs in the first usage block. I The second usage block, subsequent to the first block, in the proposed rate schedule allows 6,000 total cubic feet per month per customer. This in- cludes 76 percent of the water used by the multi-family class, the re- maining usage of the residential class, and 30 percent of the usage in the commercial class. Again, essentially no combined business class use occurs in the second usage block. I I I I I I I I I I I I I The third usage block, subsequent to the third block, in the proposed rate schedule allows 20,000 total cubic feet per month per customer. This block includes 94 percent of the water used by the commercial class, the re- maining usage of the multi-family class, and 9 percent of the usage of the combined business class. The final (fourth) usage block, subsequent to the third block, in the proposed rate schedule accounts for all monthly usage over 20,000 cubic feet per customer which primarily applies to the combined business class. The final usage block also includes the remaining usage of the commercial class. Table 5-2 shows the unit costs of service for each customer class that should be recovered from the subsequent usage blocks. Since the first usage block consists of primarily residential users, it is assigned the unit cost of service for the residential customer class $0.85 per 100 cubic feet. Similarly, subsequent usage blocks are assigned unit costs of service. The second usage block, primarily multi-family, is assigned $0.80 per 100 cubic feet. The third usage block, primarily commercial, is assigned $0.70 per 100 cubic feet. The final (fourth) usage block, primarily combined business, is assigned $0.60 per 100 cubic feet. TABLE 5-2 SUBSEQUENT USAGE BLOCK COSTS Unit Costs Base Cost of Service ($ per 100 cf) Extra Capacity Costs Max. Day Max. Hour Total Customer Class Residential Multi-Family Commercial Combined Business $0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 $0.14 0.12 0.08 0.05 $0.24 0.21 0.15 0.08 $0.85 0.80 0.70 0.60 I I Applying the unit costs of service to subsequent usage blocks in the manner just described will normally recover too much or not enough revenue. Therefore, several trials using different unit costs are required to deter- mine the rate most nearly matching the usage characteristics of the respec- tive customer classes. The final proposed rates selected for each usage 5-3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , Ii I I II I I o block vary from the actual unit costs derived in Table 5-2 due to the compromises inherent in developing the usage blocks and respective unit costs for each usage block. PRESENT AND PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULES I The present water rate schedule is shown in Table 5-3. It will not gener- ate the revenue required to ensure a continued "self-sustaining" operation of the Salina Water Utility for the next five years. The present water rates will generate only 77 percent of projected annual revenue require- ments for 1980, 73 percent for 1981, 68 percent for 1982, 64 percent for 1983, and 60 percent for 1984. I I I I I I I I I I I I The proposed water rate schedule is shown in Table 5-4. It has been designed to generate from each customer class revenue sufficient to meet each customer classes' cost responsibility and therefore, to provide sufficient revenues to meet the revenue requirements. Table 5-5 shows a comparison of the revenue generated from the present rate schedule, revenue generated from the proposed rate sChedule, and the revenue requirement (cost of service). The percent increase in revenue generated from the proposed rate schedule is an indication of the percent increase in a water bill that typically can be expected for a customer in one of the customer classes when the proposed rate schedule is implemented. TABLE 5-3 SALINA, KANSAS PRESENT WATER RATE SCHEDULE* Rates Inside City First 2,000 cubic feet @ $0.56 per 100 cubic feet Next 28,000 cubic feet @ $0.38 per 100 cubic feet Allover 30,000 cubic feet @ $0.35 per 100 cubic feet Monthly Minimum Charges Size of Meter Minimum Charge Cubic Feet Allowed 5/8" 3/4" 1" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" $ 2.90 4.50 5.65 9.45 11.60 21.50 112.10 160.15 182.00 300 500 600 1,000 1,100 2,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 I I I Multiple consumers served by a master meter are charged $0.56 per 100 cubic feet for all water consumed in excess of the minimum. 5-4 I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Rates Outside City Water consumed in excess of minimum is charged at 125 percent of the rates inside City. I I I Minimum charge is two (2) times minimum charge for water consumed inside City. Multiple consumers served by a master meter are charged for all water consumed in excess of minimum at a rate 125 percent of the rate for multiple consumers inside City. Rural Water Districts' m1n1mum charge is 125 percent of the inside City minimum and for all water consumed in excess of the minimum rate charged is 125 percent of the rate for multiple consumers inside City. I I I Bulk sales $2.10 per 1,000 gallons (or 134 cubic feet). Hydrant rental outside City $25.00 per annum. *Effective February 1, 1979. TABLE 5-4 I I II I I I I I I I I SALINA, KANSAS PROPOSED WATER RATE SCHEDULE Rates Inside City First 2,000 cubic feet @ $0.85 per 100 cubic feet Next 4,000 cubic feet @ $0.80 per 100 cubic feet Next 14,000 cubic feet @ $0.70 per 100 cubic feet Allover 20,000 cubic feet @ $0.60 per 100 cubic feet Monthly Minimum Charges Size of Meter Minimum Charge Cubic Feet Allowed 5/8" 3/4" 1" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" $ 4.40 7.40 11.00 19.00 30.00 57.00 99.00 175.00 310.00 300 600 900 1,500 2,400 4,800 8,400 14,400 25,200 Rates Outside City Water consumed in excess of minimum is charged at 125 percent of the rates inside City. 5-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I Minimum charge is two (2) times minimum charge for water consumed inside City. Rural Water District's minimum charge is 125 percent of inside City minimum. Bulk Sales $10.00 minimum charge plus $3.50 per 1,000 gallons (or 134 cubic feet). TABLE 5-5 PRESENT WATER RATES VS. PROPOSED WATER RATES I I I I 1982 Revenue Requirement and Cost of Revenue from Revenue from Customer Class Service Present Rates Proposed Rates % Increase* Residential $1,523,000 $ 975,500 $1,523,300 56% Multi-Family 131,500 99,800 131,500 32% Coounercial 449,900 295,500 449,900 52% Combined Business 251,700 237 ,500 251,700 6% TOTAL $2,356,400 $1,608,300 $2,356,400 46% *Typical percent increase in water bill for a customer in one of the customer classes shown. BILLING PROCEDURE CHANGES I I- I I I I Minimum Charge In several instances the City provides water service to a large volume user through more than one water meter rather than one larger capacity meter. Where more than one meter is installed these meters are connected in paral- lel to measure a wide range of flows more accurately than is possible with a larger meter having the same total capacity. A customer having meters connected in parallel is billed the minimum charge applicable for only one meter of the size installed. However, to ensure equitability among all users this customer should be billed the minimum charge applicable for an equivalent size of meter (a larger sized meter having the same total capa- city as smaller sized meters connected in parallel). For example a customer served by three I-inch meters connected in parallel should be billed the minimum charge for a 2-inch (equivalent capacity and size) meter. Bimonthly Billing I The Salina Water Department is considering billing customers bimonthly (every two months) for water service instead of every month as presently is done. . For bimonthly billing, meters would be read less often; bimonthly rather than monthly. Consequently meters would be inspected less often. I I 5-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I .. . I I I A change to bimonthly billing should reduce the annual expenditures as. sociated with billing and meter reading. Also, to change from monthly to bimonthly billing the present water, sewer use, and sanitation rate schedules for monthly billing must be reviewed and revised for bimonthly billing. I 'I I The proposed rate schedule shown in Table 5-4 is designed for use with monthly billing and meter reading. For use with bimonthly billing and meter reading, Table 5-4 must be revised as follows: 1. Change Rates Inside City to: First 4,000 cubic feet @ $0.85 per 100 cubic feet Next 8,000 cubic feet @ $0.80 per 100 cubic feet Next 28,000 cubic feet @ $0.70 per 100 cubic feet Allover 40,000 cubic feet @ $0.60 per 100 cubic feet I I I I I I I I I I I 2. Double Minimum Charge. 3. Double Cubic Feet Allowed for minimum charge. EFFECT OF FUTURE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS ON WATER RATES No major capital improvements (improvements requiring debt financing) are included in the revenue requirements projected for 1980-84. However, minor capital improvements (improvements financed directly from operating revenues) are included in the revenue projections. The only major capital improvement project that is being planned at this time and that may be constructed prior to 1984 is the expansion to the water treatment plant. However, no definite time frame for completion of the project has been established. This expansion is necessary to serve the growing community of Salina's present and long-range water supply needs. Presently and for the past several years portions of the water treatment plant have been operated at near capacity to supply periods of continuous peak day demands. The expansion would result in a 20 MGD treatment capacity for all components and process units at the existing site. Additionally, the City has indicated continued interest in the long-range water supply needs of the community. Several communities including Salina have been considering, Kanopolis Reservoir and Milford Reservoir as possible long range supply sources. The impact of the long range supply source for the City should be addressed in order to assess the compatibility of addi- tional treatment plant improvements with the long range supply sources. I I 5-7 I I I I I I I I II I : II I I I I I I I I -~ ,