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of the
Salina Public Water Supply
Saline County, Kansas
EPA rD': KSD984966770
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Prepared by
Lisa Larsen, Environmental Geoloqist
Sandra voeqeli, Environmental Technician
Brenda Murray, Environmental Technician
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Environmental Remediation
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GENERAL SITE INFORMATION
The Salina Public Water Supply (PWS) system serves the city of
Salina and Saline County Rural Water District (RWD) #3. Salina is
located in north central Kansas south of Interstate 70 (see Figure
1). The Salina PWS system consists of 15 wells located within the
city limits, 3 wells located at the airport south of town, and one
surface water intake located along the Smoky Hill River. Figure
2 shows the location of the wells in the city limits and the
location of the surface water intake. The legal location of the
site is the southwest quarter of Section 13, Township 14 South,
Range 3 West.
SITE HISTORY
In the mid 1980's the Kansas Department of Health and Environment
(KDHE) initiated a program to sample all Kansas public water supply
wells for volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The state wide VOC
sampling program was conducted in response to a similar study of
public water supplies performed by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). The results of the EPA study indicated that some
public water supply wells in Kansas were contaminated with VOCs.
The city of Salina has tested the PWS system for trihalomethanes
(THMs) since the early 1980's. The testing was conducted to
fulfill the requirements outlined in the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) requiring public water supply systems serving over 10,000
people to meet specific THM levels. The city is required to test
for THMs on a quarterly basis.
In May 1985 the city, at the request of KDHE, sampled four drinking
water distribution points for VOCs. The results indicated low
levels of VOC contamination. Therefore, in August 1985 some of the
PWS wells were sampled for VOCs. The results showed some of the
wells to be contaminated with low levels of VOCs. Since this
initial sampling, the distribution system has been sampled for VOCs
. quarterly and the city has conducted extensive sampling of the
wells.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IDENTIFIED
A total of 13 different VOCs have been detected at various levels
in some of the PWS wells and in the distribution system. Table 1
summarizes the VOCs detected in the wells and distribution system.
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FIGURE 1 - SITE MAP
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SOURCE: USGS, SALINA QUADRANGLE, 7.5 HINOTE SERIES
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* OLD SURFACE WATER INTAKE
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Tal:l1e 1
PWS Wells
Benzene
1,2 Dichloroethane
1,2 Dichloroethylene
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Ortho and/or Para Xylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloromethane
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromethane (THM)
Distribution Svstem
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Bromodichloromethane (THM)
Bromoform (THM)
1,2 Dichloroethane
Dibromochloromethane (THM)
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloromethane (THM)
Toluene
Trichloromethane (THM)
The level of total THMs (TTHMs) detected in the distribution system
is presented in Figure 3, and all VOC analytical data is summarized
in Tables 2 and 3.
The levels of TTHMs detected in the distribution system exceeded
the Kansas Action Level (KAL) on three occasions; September 1986,
September 1987, and September 1988. This may have been caused by
high usage of surface water during the warmer months. VOC
contamination (other than THMs) in the distribution system was
detected at levels below the KAL.
Nine of the city's fifteen wells located within the city limits
are contaminated with VOCs. The levels of VOCs detected have
exceeded the KAL on several sampling dates. Wells #1, #3, #4, and
#5 have shown the highest VOC contamination. These wells are
located on the west side of the river channel near commercial and
light industrial areas. The other contaminated wells (except well
#13) are located east of the river channel in residental areas.
The clean wells (in the city limits) are all located slightly east
of the contaminated wells. The chance that these wells will be
affected in the future is partially dependent on the usage of all
the PWS wells in the area and whether there is a persistent source.
POTENTIAL SOURCES
During the site reconnaissance, no potential sources were
identified. However, some of the wells are located near commercial
and light industrial areas which may have contributed to the VOC
contamination.
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FIGURE 3 - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SAMPLES
TOTAL TRIHALOMETHANES
130
120 1985 1986 1987 1988
110
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.
SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER
The Smoky Hill River transects the city and is used as a drinking
water source. The surface water intake is currently located near
the water treatment plant in the old Smoky Hill River channel.
The city is however, in the process of moving the intake to the
new Smoky Hill River channel. The city uses the surface water
intake during the spring, summer, and fall months. No other
drinking water intakes are located within 15 stream miles upstream
or downstream of Salina. The sewage treatment plant is located
approximately three miles downstream of the site. The river also
is used for recreation and irrigation. within 15 stream miles
upstream and downstream of the site (measured from PWS Well #3),
surface water is used to irrigate 1,859 acres.
All city wells are located along the river in the Smoky Hill River
valley and obtain water from the alluvial deposits. The alluvial
deposits consist of clay and/or shale (soft) underlain by
interbedded sand and gravel (Latta, 1949). Depth to water is
approximately 35 feet. During the investigation groundwater flow
was not measured, however, the direction of local groundwater flow
is expected to be towards the river and is probably influenced by
pumping wells and precipitation. Bedrock in the area consists of
the shale beds of the Wellington formation (Latta, 1949).
Groundwater is also used for irrigation purposes. Approximately
3,490 acres of land are irrigated with groundwater within a four
mile radius of the site.
TARGETS
Approximately 42,166 people live within a four mile radius of
Salina. There are no critical habitats within that four miles.
The Salina PWS system supplies water to the city of Salina and
Saline RWD #3. Population served by the system is approximately
41,179. There are 475 known private wells located within four
miles of Salina. A breakdown of well use is listed in Table 4.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The Salina PWS system is contaminated with low to moderate levels
of VOCs. The city is working with the KDHE to monitor and minimize
the levels of contamination released into the system. A program
3
.
.
.
Table 4
Well Use
Number
Air Conditioning
Dewatering
Domestic
Feedlot
Industrial
Irrigation
Lawn and Garden
Observation Well
oil Field
Other
4
I
150
5
24
17
211
53
1
---2.
475
TOTAL
(From KDHE water well program since 1975)
to sample points throughout the distribution system is currently
being conducted on a quarterly basis.
Contamination has been detected in the groundwater at the site and
the preliminary HRS score indicates this site could be recommended
as a possible National Priorities List (NPL) candidate. The
contamination types and levels detected in the groundwater at this
site warrant further investigation. Therefore, a Site Inspection
is recommended.
4
.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
City of Salina Water and Sewage Department. Private laboratory
analyses and interview with city officials.
Division of Secretary of State Census, Topeka, Kansas.
Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Water Resources.
Kansas Water Data Base; Irrigated Land and Points of
Diversion Program.
Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Bureau of Water
Protection: Salina Public Water Supply files, Saline
County Rural Water District #3 files, VOC Sampling
Program Report - September 1, 1987.
Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Kansas Water Data
Base; Water Well Program.
Kansas Department of wildlife and Parks, 1988. "Threatened
and Endangered Species List."
.
Kansas Division of Water
Districts in Kansas."
18, page 83.
Resources, 1975. "Rural Water
Water Resources Board, Bulletin
Latta, Bruce F., 1949. "Ground Water Conditions in the Smoky
Hill Valley in Saline, Dickinson, and Geary Counties,
Kansas." Kansas Geological survey, Bulletin 84, pages
55-57 and 127-134.
United States Geological Survey, 1978. Salina Quadrangle,
Saline County, 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic).
.
...-'
5
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'4{ PRO~~
Preliminary Assessment
.
of the
Salina Public Water Supply System
KSD984966770
Saline County, Kansas
.
.
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE L IDENTIFICATION
aEPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT 101 &TltTEI02SJ,:~NU".!~..
PART 1 . SITE INFORMA nON AND ASSESSMENT KS D984966770
II. SITE NAME AND LOCATION
01 SlTEHMtEt&4&-.",___OI..., Q2 STREET. ROUTE NO.. OA SPECIFIC L.OCATlOH IDEN11f1eR
Salina PWS 401 S. 5th
03 CIlY .. STATE .u'" COOl! ro COUNTY r7?TacoNG
Salina KS 67401 Saline COOl D1ST
85
01 COOADINATES LATIT\lDE . I LONGITUDE
3 8 5 0 00 0 o 9 7 3 6 00 0
. -- -- ----
to QlRECTIONS TO SlTEt...."......,....,.,."
1-70 to Salina. Take Ohio Street south to Iron Avenue. West on Iron to Fifth Street.
South on Fifth Street to South Street.
III. RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
01 OWNER,... OZSTAEET (.......................
Not known
03 CIlY 04 STATE 05 ZIP CODe oe TEL!PHONE MlM8ER
I I
07 OPERATOR (._Wlt.........,"""......" 08 STREEr lau-a.....,.....
City of Salina 300 w. Ash
.1 CIlY 10 STATE 1 t ZIP CODE It 2 TELEPHONE NUMBER
Salina KS 67401 I 91~ 825-4319
1~ TYPE OF OWNERSHlP,Qlec:Ao...,
a AoPRIVATE a B.FED~ a C. STATE aD. COUNTY )lX1!. MUNICIPAl.
(A.-c,-.,
a F. 01l<ER: ,-."" a Go UNKNOWN
,. OWNERIOPERATOA N01'IRCATZON ON FUtCIMu.......-"
a Ao RCRA 300' DATE RECEIVED: I f a B. UNCOOITROLLEDWASTESlTEtC6.... ,.... DATE RECEIVED: f f a C. NONE
YQNfN l)Ay 'l'eM WONTH CAY ,l!....
IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD
01 ON SITE INSPECTlOH BY (C/NIca.,....."
xxyes DATE 12 23 f 88 a Ao EPA a B. EPA CONTRACTOR lC C. STATE a D. OTHER CONTRACTOR
a I!. LOCAl. HEAl.TH OFFICIAL a F. OTHER:
aNO WON'" DAY 't!M -
CONTRACTOR NAMElSl:
02 SITE STAT'USfo....., 03 YIEAR$ OF OPERATION I
~ ACTIVE a B.INACTIVE C C. UNKNOWN a UNIOIOWN
......... ...... EHOING YI!AII
04 DESCRIP1"IOHQF SUBSTANCaS POSSIBLy PAESENT.IOIOWN. OR ALUEGED
Various VOCB have been detected in Bome of the PWS wells. Contaminants detected in the
wells include trihalomethanes tetrachloroethylene 1,2 dichloroethane, carbon tetra-
chloride, ethyl benzene, trichloroethylene, ana orthc/para xylene. VOCs have also been
detected in the dia 'nn system. (';;':;~~mi' ~;.... ,~,~'.. .,,,~, ';';.fh~l
os oescIUPTJOHc# POTEHTlALHAZARO TO &fMRONMEHT MIOOA POPULAtION 1,2 dichloroethane, benzene, tetrachloroethyle
toluene.
Consumption of water with elevated levels 0: VOCs cay be ~ health hazard.
V. PRIORITY ASSESSMENT '"
Ot PIlICIUT'tFOllINSP!CTlCH....-.......-;::::t.--..--__.._..____
CAo_ laB._ CC.LOW CD.NONE
---........-.w ............,. ......_............ ____...... ................"".,
VL INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM
Ot CDNTACT O2OFt _ ..0._ I 03 TELEPHOHI NUM8ER
Lisa Larsen KDHE - BER (9131 296-1666
.. PIRSCH FOR os."_~," .5NJ/i111:t oa QRQANIZATlCN 07 T&LUHoHe NUM8IR oaDATE
Lisa Larsen . KDHE BER 19131296-1666 12 ,30 f 88
MONTH DAy 'l'lAA
e and
..
.
1P4FOAM 2Q7o.1Z{r..,)
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE L IOENTlF1CA TlON
oEPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT 01 STATllQ2 SITE NUMSER
PART 2. WASTE INFORMA nON KS 0984966770
II. WASTE STATES, QUANTITIES, AND CHARACTERISTICS
01 PHY$ICAl.STATES 10.u__..",' 02 WASTE QUANTITY AT SITE 03 WASTE CHAAACTEAlSncs IC/lKl'_"",.-,J
C.-.-..oI........-- I: E. SOLUBLE CI.tG4I.YV01..ATU
C! A. SCUD o E. SLURRY --~, C A. TOXIC
C B. POwoeA. FtNfS C F. UQUlD TONS C B CORROSIVE C F.lNFecnous o .I EXPl.OSlVE
o C. SLUDGE caGAS C C. AAOlOACTlve c: G. Fl.AMMABLE o K. REACTIVE
CUBlCYAADS C D. PERSISTENT l: H. IGNITABLE ~ L. INCOMPATIBLE
None . C Y. NOT APPUCABt.E
o D. OTHER
,_, NO. OF DRUMS
III. WASTE TYPE
CATEGORY SUBST.ulCE NAME 0' GROSS AMOUNT 102 UNIT 01= MEASURE! 03 COMMiNTS
SLU SLUOGE
OLW OIl.YWASTE
SOL SOLVENTS
PSD PESTICIDES
OCC OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS
IOC INORGANIC CHEMICALS
ACO ACIDS
BAS BASES
MES HEAVY METALS
IV. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES /s..",....IOtIllO""..,.,.".,I;Il'..C.tSHulRHrII
01 CATEGORY Q2 SUBSTANCE NAME Q3 CAS HUMBeR O<l STOAAGE!OISPOSAl. METHOD 05 CONCENTRATION De MEASURE OF
CONCE""TRATION
<<L T I~~~ , ??, 01, 1._ ~,. n ..~11
OL Benzene 110R907 ~n . I~ \ ? Q ... "
SOL Trichloroethvlene 79-01-6 in "rounilw"....r ? Q ..~11
SOL 1 2 Di C' . , .- n ,. "
SOL Toluene 108883 ~n ~1 1 -~,11
SOL Ethvlbenzene I nn/,' I, ,~n ' ? ."
SOL Ortho and/or Para xvlen 1300716 --n ~ ? ;"
SOL Tetrachloromethane 56-23-5 in groundwater 1.1 ,;a/l
V. FEEDSTOCKS ............CAS.........
CATlGOAY 01 PEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUMBER CATI!GOAY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUWBEA
FDS FOS
FOS FOS
FOS FOS
FOS FDS
VI. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Ic:......m.-a. "0.. 1f_"..................,.,.,.1
KDHE - Bureau of Water Protection Files .:.~,
City of Salina Public files
IPA.FQAM207Q.tZ (7-&')
.
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE L IDEHTIFICA nON
aEPA 01 STATSI Q2 SITE NUM8EFI
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT KS D984966770
PART 3 . DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS
IL HAZARDOUS CONomoNS AND INCIDENTS
01 dt A. GAOUNOWA TER CONT AMINATlON 02 IX OIlSERVEO (DATE; lQR~ I o POTENTIAl. G AUEGCll
03 POPULAnON POTENnALl.V AFFECTED: 41. 843 O. NARRA nVE DESCRIPnON
Various VOCs have been detected in the groundwater and throughout the distribution
of the Salina PWS.
i
,
01 ClB.$URFACEWATERCONTAMINAnoN 020 OBSERVEO (DATE; I o POTENTIAl. o ALl.EGEO
03 POPULAnoNPOTENT'Au.V AFFECTED; 0. NARRAnve DESCRIPTION
None known
01 C C. CDNTAMINAnoN OF AIR 02 Q OBSERVEDlDATE; I o POTENTIAl. C ALl.EGEO
03 POPVLAnONPOTENT'ALl.V AFFECTED: 0. NARRAWE DESCRIPTION
None known
01 0 O. FlREiEXPLOSlVE CONDmoNS 02 C OBSERVED (DATE; I C POTENTIAl. C ALl.EGED
03 POPVLAnONPOTENTlALl.V AFFECTED: 0. _nve OESCRIPTION
None known
01 jQ E. DIRECT CONTACT 41. 843 020 OBSERVEO (DATE. I 1C POTENTIAl. I: ALl.EGED
03 POPULAnON POTENnALl.V AFFECTED: O. _WE DESCRIPTION
Consumption of contaminated drinking water. is a potential. heal th hazard.
01 %I F. CONTAMlNAnoN OF SOIL 41. 843 020 OeSERVED (DATE. I . OCPOTENTIAI. C Au..EGEO
03 AREA POTENnAu. v AFlFecTED: 0. NARRAnve OESCIlIPTlON
.-
No soil contamination was found during site visit however, contaminated groundwater
would indicate probable past soil,contaminaion.
0111510.0RINI(JNGWATERCONTAMlNAnoN 41,843 02111 0IlSERVE0 lOATE: lqRS I o POTENTlAL I: ALl.EGEO
03 POPVLAnoNPOTENnALl.V AFFECTED: 0. _nve DESCRIPTION
PWS wells are known to be contaminated with various VOCs.
..
01 a H. WORKER ElCPOSURE!IN.IURY 020 OBSERVEO lOATE: I o POTENT1AL o ALUGED
03 WORKERS POTENnAu.Y AFFECTED: o._nve IlESCRlPT10N
None known
011111. POPULAnON EXPOSURE/INJURY 41,843 D2 a OIlSERVEOlDATE; I lC POTENT1AL o ALI.EGEO
03 POPVLAOON POTENnAu. Y AFFECTED: 0. _nve DESCRIl"TION
Consumption of contaminated.drinking water is a potential health hazard.
..
.
EPAFORM2Q7o.12(T-I'J
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE L IDENTIFICATION
&EPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Q1 SfAtElaz srra NUMBER
PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF HAZAROOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS KS 0984966770
IL HAZARDOUS CONDmONS AND INCIDENTS ,-
0' 0 J. DAMAGl! TO FLORA 02 0 OBSCRVell (DATE: I o POTENl1AL o ALLEGeD
04 NARRATlVE OE$CAlPl1ON
. None known ,
, .
0' 0 K. DAMAGE TO FAUNA 020 0BSCRVell (DATE; I o POTENl1AL o ALLEGED
04 NAflRAllVE QESCRIPTION ~--.......
None known
0'0 L. CONT..-ATlON OF FOOD CHAlN 020 0BSCRVell COATE; I o POTENl1AL o AU.EGeD
04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
None known
0' 0 M. UNSTASLl: CONTAJNMENT OF WASTES 02 0 01lSERllED IDA TE: I o POTENTIAL o ALLEGED
~1UIIOl'l,,,,,,,'. "''IIIoIlM,--.
03 POPULAncN POTENT1ALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATlVE DE$CAIP11ON
None known
o. 0 N. DAMAGE TO OFFSITE PROPeRTY . 02 0 OSSERVED (DATE; ) o POTENnAL o ALu:GED
04 NARRATlVE DESCRIPTION
None known
0' 0 O. CONTAMINATION OF SEWERS. STORM DRAINS. WWTPs 020 01lSERllED (DATE: I o POTENnAL o ALLEGeD
04 NAAAATlVE DESCRIPTION
None known
0' a P. lI.LEGALJIJNAUTHOAIZEl DUMPING 02 0 0BSCRVell (DATE; I o POTENnAL o AU.EGeD
04 NARRATlVE DESCRIPTION
None known
05 OE$CR1PT1ON OF ANY OTHER KNO_. POTENTIAL. 011 ALLEGED HAZARDS
.-
None known
IU. TOTAL POPULATION POnENTlALL Y AFFECTED: ~-
IV. COMMENTS
Contamination of the groundwater and contamination detected in the distribution system
has been detected at relatively low levels. Further investigation is warranted to
determine possible sources.
V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION ---...-----
KDHE - Bureau of Water Protection files
Site reconnaissance conducted 12/23/88
KDHE - Bureau of Environmental Remediation files .
EPAFOFIM2a7Q.1Z17-1')