Historic Resources Survey Pt 1
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øalina, Kansas
fIlð!>TO QIC QEð!>OUQCE6
c3UQVEY
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June 30, 1984
Part I - fY83
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SALINA, KANSAS
HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY
Part I
Prepared for the
HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT
OF THE
KANSAS STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Topeka, Kansas
PREPARED BY:
MARY LEE ROBBINS
June 30, 1984
This Urban Study project has been funded by a grant, under the provisions of the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, from the National Park Service,
U. S. Dept. of the Interior, and the Kansas State Historical Society, Historic Preser-
vation Dept. with matching funds and services from the City of Salina for the Salina
Heritage Commission.
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TAB L E
0 F
CON TEN T S
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
PREFACE............................. 3
I NTRODUCTI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .. 7
CHAPTER 1 - AVAILABLE PRESERVATION DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Architectural History Bibliography (Salina). . . . . 19
Architectural History Bibliography (General) . . . . 21
CHAPTER 2 - SURVEY OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Survey Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Urban Study Unit Proposed Out1 ine. . . . . . . . . . 25
IISurvey Boundariesll Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Survey Design and Methodology. ~ . . . . . . . . . . 29
Evaluation Criterion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Explanation of Survey Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Resource Summary (Results of Survey) . . . . . . . . 37
Results of Architectural Reconnaissance. . . . . . . 43
IISignificant Resources of Salinall list. . . . . . . 45
IISalina Examples of Architectural Periodsll . . . . . 53
Local Architectural Legends. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Local Architectural Themes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Survey Products: Resource Information System. . . . 59
Remaining Survey Work to be Done FY84. . . . . . .. 61
CHAPTER 3 - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SALINA: AN
ARCHITECTURAL/SOCIAL POINT OF VIEW. . . . . . . .
Historical Outline of Major Salina Events. . . . . .
1858 to 1866 Inception to Early Settlement. . . .
1867 to 1890 - Railroad Development, Immigrants,
and Agriculture. . . . . . . . .. 75
1891 to 1930 - Commerce, Industrialization, and
Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
1931 to present - Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Historical Footnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
CHAPTER 4 - RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Heritage Commission Recommendations. . . . . . . . . 115
Public Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Private Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Specific Suggestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
APPENDICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Appendix A - Salina Heritage Conservation
Ordinance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix B - Salina, Heritage Conservation Plan.
Appendix C - Historic Resources Survey Forms. .
Appendix D - Kansas Preservation P1an-HPD. . . .
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65
67
. . 129
. . 135
. . 141
. . 151
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Acknowledgements
I gratefully acknowledge the assistance and support of the following
individuals with sincere appreciation:
Abner Perney for his preliminary research and survey efforts;
Rebecca Hessel for her trust, personal interest and positive
attitude in administering this project;
Heritage Commission - to those members who continually expressed
their genuine concern for Salina1s heritage, faith, support,
research material, and, most of all, encouragement, without
which surely the success of this project would not be as great;
Mary Douglass, Research Assistant, for the neck-wrenching hours she
spent pouring through the dusty tomes and archives.
On the Cover:
The Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot
352 N. Santa Fe Ave.
Built in 1887 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style
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3
PREFACE
This report is the first part of the Historic Urban Study project for
Salina, Kansas that was funded for the budget year 1983 (FY83) that ended
June 30, 1984.
This report, as Part I, is the primary document that defines
the framework and summary for the complete survey conducted over two budget
periods, FY83 and FY84.
The survey design, methodology, historical informa-
tion, and results to date are definitive in nature.
Herewith is included a
summary of the first and second phases of the survey, the reconnaissance
and inventory, even though approximately.one third of the evaluations remain
to be written.
Copies of 286 SELGEM Worksheets and two thirds of the
corresponding inventory forms accompany this report as an integral part of
it.
Part II of the Historic Resources Survey for FY84 will be a separate
document and supplemental in nature to include:
1) any refinements, clarifi-
cations or expansions to the IIResource Summaryll and IIArchitectural Themes and
Legends II secti ons of the chapter ca 11 ed IISurvey Overvi ewll;
2) additions or
alterations of information based on new research regarding specific resources;
3) copies of all SELGEM Worksheets for any newly added resources, inventories,
and evaluation sheets that were not sent with this report; and, 5) any
additional specific preservation recommendations based upon FY84 evaluation
survey results and new research.
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INTRODUCTION
Purpose and Authorization
This report summarizes the research and analysis of an Urban Study Unit
conducted for the Salina Heritage Commission, City of Salina, Kansas and the
Kansas Historic Preservation Department. The FY83 study is authorized by the
City of Salina by Resolution No. 83-3632 and Commission Action taken on 23 May
1983, and was completed in accordance with the terms of the agreement between
the City and the State Historic Preservation Officer at the Kansas State
Historical Society.
The purpose of the survey is to work within the city's framework II. . . to
establish historic preservation (in Salina) as a vital part of the planning
process and not just as a set of written goalsll (refer to Kansas State Histori-
cal Society letter from Nora Pat Small, 25 March 1983) and to identify and sub-
stantiate locally significant resources. This Urban Study Unit survey is part
of the statewide comprehensive plan called The Kansas Preservation Plan (see
Appendix D). This evolved out of a federal program called liThe Resource
Protection Planning Process - RP3.11 Guidelines for the study were provided
by the Salina Conservation Plan of 1983 (see Appendix B), Kansas Historic
Preservation Department, and the National Park Service, U. S. Dept. of the
Interior. The scope of the survey and the requirements for the plan are
detailed in the Urban Study Unit Outline (see IISurvey Overviewll section) and
the Kansas Preservation Plan.
The project was funded by a federal historic preservation grant pursuant
to the Congressional National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.
Funds are distributed and administered by the Kansas State Historical Society,
Historic Preservation Department with thirty percent matching funds and
services from the City of Salina for the Salina Heritage Commission.
Because these buildings now set in rundoYn neighbor-
hoods, and cove~ed with decades of grime, people do not
distinguish between essential structure and the accidents
of misuse 'and decay. As a result of this one-sided
historic appreciation, our whole country is in dange~ of
losing a precious part of its past -- the work of two
generations.
--Le1JJ'Ís Mumford
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Historic Preservation
Resource
Significance
Designation
Context
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Defined by the National Historic Preservation Act of
1966 to include the protection, rehabilitation, restora-
tion, and reconstruction of districts, sites, buildings,
structures, and objects significant in American history,
architecture, archeology and culture.
Widely used architectural-history term used to refer to
every type of construction, i.e., building, bridge,
river, park, street furniture, artifacts, etc.
The word not only reflects an item's current useful-
ness, but also means the item posesses potential use-
fulness.
The quality of American history, architecture, archeology,
and culture present in districts, buildings, sites,
structures, and objects that possess integrity of
location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and
association that:
.are associated with events that have made
a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;
.are associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past;
.embody the distinctive characteristics of a type,
period, or method of construction, or that represent
the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
values, or that represent a significant and distin-
guishable entity whose components may lack individual
distinction;
.have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information
important in history.
Official recognition of a historic landmark by a local
governing body according to formal, established pro-
cedures; such recognition is based on the historical.
architectural, and cultural significance, suitability
for preservation or restoration, and educational value
in addition to the criteria established for inclusion
in the State Register of Historic Places.
A conceptual framework for determining the significant
'patterns that individual properties represent, con-
sisting of components that surround a resource and
determine its meaning more clearly.
8
Endangered or
Threatened Resource
Period
Style
Facade
Vernacular
PROCESSES
Preservation/
Conservation
Protection
Repairs
Stabil i zati on
A known or anticipated threat or damage to the integrity
or existence of the resource, such as: 1) immediate
threat which will result in loss of or collapse of
structure; 2) immediate threat of destruction by private
action; and 3) condemned for code violations. See the
IIEvaluation Criterionll section in the IISurvey Overview"
chapter for specific signals.
A chronological division identified in the analysis
of the historical development of an area or region
(i.e., Victorian, Modern, etc.).
The specific identifying characteristics of a building
both as it appears to the eye and as it is known to
exist in design and structure; style is a classification
for the historian.
The exterior face of a building which is the archi-
tectural front, sometimes distinguished by elaboration
of architectural or ornamental details.
Refers to a building that was constructed
materials, usually by local builders, and
everyday use by the common working class;
Main Street commercial row structures are
by the use of this term.
of native
intended for
especi a 11y
referred to
Taking appropriate actions to prevent further changes
or deterioration in a site, building, group of buildin9s~
or other structure; preservation does not attempt to
make changes for historic or other similar reasons.
Maintenance of historic material through treatments
such as rust removal, caulking, limited paint removal,
. re-application of protective coatings, etc.
Work performed on a building to correct problems that
may further injure it.
The act or process of applying measures to reestablish
a weather-resistant enclosure and the structural
stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property while
maintaining the essential form as it exists at presento
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Restoration
Rehabil itation
Remodeling
Renovation
Reconstruction
Adaptive Re-use
AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
State Historic Preser-
vation Officer
(SHPO)
Historic Preservation
Department
SELGEM
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Repairing or re-creating the original architectural
elements in a building so that it closely resembles the
appearance it had at some previous point in time. As
compared with IIrehabil itati on, II "restorati on" impl i es
a more active approach to reproducing architectural
features that may have been removed.
To make a structure sound and usable again, without
attempting to restore any particular period appearance.
Rehabilitation respects the original architectural
elements of a building and retains them whenever
possible. Sometimes also called "reconditioning. II
Changing the appearance and style of a structure,
inside or out, by removing or covering over original
details and substituting new materials and forms;
Also called IImodernizing.1I
Similar to "rehabilitation,1I except that in renovation
work there is a greater proportion of new materials
and elements introduced into the building.
Re-creating an historic building that has been damaged
or destroyed by erecting a new structure that resembles
the original as closely as possible. A reconstruction
may be built with new or recycled building materials,
possibly from the original building.
Recycling an old building for a use other than that
for which it was originally constructed. This can
involve a sensitive rehabilitation that retains much
of a building's original character, or it can involve
extensive remodeling.
Individual charged with the responsibility of admini-
stering the National Historic Preservation Act of
1966 within their jurisdiction; in Kansas, the Execu-
tive Direètor of the Kansas State Historical Society
has been designated.
Department within the Kansas State Historical Society
which assists the State Historic Preservation Officer
in promoting the identification and conservation of
the state's historic resources.
IISe If Generati ng ProgramU a computer program (format
and forms) which the Kansas State Historic Society use~
to index their Historic Sites Inventory. ~
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Reqister of Historic
Kansas Places
National Register of
Historic Places
National Trust for
Historic Preservation
Historic American
BuildinJ Survey
(HABS
Architectural
Historian
.
Listing of buildings, sites, districts, objects, and
structures in Kansas worthy of preservation because of
historic value. The list, to be used as a planning
tool, includes two property categories; those listed
only in the Kansas Register and those that are also
listed in the National Register.
The official list of the Nation1s cultural resources
worthy of preservation, as maintained and expanded by
the Secretary of the Interior. It is an authoritative
guide to be used by Federal, State, and local govern-
ments, private groups, and citizens to indicate what
properties should be considered for protection. It was
designed to be and is administered as a planning tool
without restraint upon private property interests.
Membership organization established by an act of
Congress in 1949 as the official private organization
to encourage public participation in preservation, to
preserve significant sites, publish information, and
provide grants and consulting services. Their two
regular publications are: Preservation News and
Historic Preservation. Anyone remotely interested in
architectural conservation should join at: NTHP,
Membership Dept., 1785 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.,
Washington, DC 20036.
Service administered by the National Park Service to
systematically collect data, photographs, and drawings
of buildings.
An expert who is knowledgeable about the history of
architecture which enables the identification of
design periods, construction methods, and decorative
treatments. Attempts to answer these questions:
a) why was that structure built?
b) what role did the structure play in local,
state or national history?
c) what statement does the architecture of a
resource make in relation to its environ-
ment and history?
d) what role does the contextual environment
play in the significance of the resource?
An Architectural Historian is also knowledgeable about
and can recommend historic preservation planning
tools.
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CHAPTER
1
AVAILABLE
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PRE S E R V A T ION
DATA
(Prior to Survey FY83 Commencement)
Products of the 1982 Historic Preservation Study were available in
the City of Salina Planning and Community Development Department
as follows:
A.
Streets cape Files - photographs and diagrams of large central
area of Salina encompassing the Original Townsite, central
business district, and the majority of the oldest residences
and institutions (see "Survey Boundaries" map for precise
streetscaped area). The purpose of a streetscape process is
to IIpreserve by photograph" and to have a way to reference any
particular structure or group without having to go out into
the field. One streetscape file folder represents approximately
a two- to three-block area. Each file folder is coded with its
own number that is accessed by referring to the large city map
or the set of plat maps that are part of the system. An individual
property can be referred to and accessed by using its inventory
number that list the streetscape file number, the photographic roll
number, and the roll frame number. All of these lIoldll inventory
numbers are cross referenced on the current FY83/84 survey forms
(reconnaissance and inventory).
Streetscape Plat Maps.
B.
C.
Two Streetscape city maps: 1) one with file numbers; and 2) one
with photograph roll and frame numbers.
D.
"Preservation News" newspaper supplement from The Salina Journal,
May 25,1982. '
E.
Several attempts at completing inventory forms by clerical staff.
Those that were done for significant resources have been filed
with other materials in their respective file folders. Data that
appears on these first attempts is quite general, incomplete and
often inaccurate. They were of some use to this FY83 survey,
particularly for about 15 resources.
Research documents done on approximately 30 structures have also
been filed in their appropriate file folder, if the resource is
significant. I presume that copies of these were sent to HPD
along with the final report in 1982 and that the information is in
your computer. This information was the most helpful of all
previously done work, mostly because the research sources had been
noted, saving valuable research time to verify the information.
Some of the preliminary findings were inaccurate, but they were a
reflection of published information.
F.
12
II.
G.
The Salina Conservation Plan of 1983 - This is the official city
preservation policy document that consists of preservation goals,
objectives and policies for Salina as adopted by the Heritage Commission
and the City Commission.
Other Planning Dept. Materials:
A.
Files with miscellaneous correspondence and information. These
files have been properly categorized and utilized for this current
survey FY83. Some of the information was critical, and in its new
form still is, to understanding the history of Salina's preservation
efforts.
B.
Salina Heritage Commission "Minute Book" Inception to present.
The official minutes of each Heritage Commission meeting is kept
in chronological order along with yearly charts of attendance
of members.
C.
Resource books on historic preservation. There were only a few
books, but essential publications have been and are being accumulated.
D.
1983 Survey Boundary Map that shows: 1930 City limits, Original
Townsite, Business Improvement District, Streetscaped Area,
locations of two National Register properties.
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1982
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1982 HISTORIC PRESffi./ATICN
FmJ ECr SlMv~
8/25/82
15
ClìY OF SA.LINL\, KH£AS
H I STCR I C PRESffi./,A:r I 0.1 snDY
F I t{A.L REFORr
,Application #M82-4
Background
On Noverrber 19, 1979, the City of Sa I ina adopted Ordinance #8760 which
provided for a Heritage Conservation District, establ ished a Heritage
Commission, prescribed the development of a Heritage Conservation Plan, and
establ i shed hear ing and revi ew procedures for dea I ¡ng wi th her i tage I and-
marks.
On ,Apr i I 28, 1980, Reso I ut ion #80-3485 was adopted wh i ch author i zed the
City of Sa I ina to fi Ie an appl ication for financial assistance fran the
Kansas State Historical Society. On Apri I 29, an appl ication for a $12,000
project ($6,000 grant) was submitted to the State.
On July 1, 1980, we were notified that we were to be awarded ù survey and
planning grant (1) to conduct a photographic survey in order to begin to
identify potentially significant structures and (2) to develop a plan,
including criteria for evaluation of districts and individual structures,
to be uti I ized with the City's Heritage Conservation Ordinance. The con-
tract with the State was signed on Septerrber 2, 1981.
Six consu It i ng firms wi th interest/expert i se in hi stor ic preservat ion were
invited to subnit proposals. Three were selected for interview by the
Heritage Comnission. After ôn abortive first atterrpt, a second round of
intervi ews was conducted and the fi rm of PI ann ing Deve I oprent Servi ces,
Inc. (ADS, Inc.) of Wichita, Kansas was selected to assist with the develop-
ment of the project. On October 30, 1981, a contract was signed between the
City of Sal ina ard ADS, Inc. in the amount of $10,780.
Project
1)
The first order of business entailed making a photographic record (or
"Streetscapesll) of as many structures as poss ibl e. The procedure ut i I i zed
streetscape forms provided by the State Historical Society and consisted of
photographil'g fran one to three structures per frame as the photographer
progressed down one side of each street. The COmmission set the 1930 c¡ty
I imits as the photographic goal. Working fran the inside out, sane 280
blocks consisting of approximately 4,250 structures were photographed (See
At tachnent A).
Vm i Ie photogrùphy progressed, R:S, Inc., working wi th the city staff,
reviewed several different exarrples of evaluation forms used around the
country and in Canada. It was finally decided that a three-level evalua-
t ion- process wou Id be ut i I i zed. A sarrpl e of the three eva I uat i on forms
with the approved criteria is found in Attachnent B.
2)
ymi Ie the above inventorying and evaluation techniques are very important,
it was also recognized that publ ic awareness ~¥as just as important. There-
fore, a newspaper supplement was developed in an effort to inform the
pub I ic of sane of the prel iminary findings of the study and, more irrpor-
tantly, to begin an educational process. This is particularly irrportant
16
C 11Y OF SALJ ~, K.ANSðS
HIS1ŒIC PRESERJATIŒJ SïlDY
F I NA.L RERRr
Appl ication #M82-4
Page 2
as, frequently, people do not think of their surroundings as anything special
unless it is pointed out to them aryd explained. Furthenmore, the tenninology
uti I ized by those involved in preservation is foreign and academic sounding, so
pub'ic awareness is doubly important. . The supplement, entitled, liThe Sal ina
Preservation Newsll was publ ished in the IlBudget Saverll section of The Sa I in a
Journal on Tuesday, May 25, 1982. liThe Preservation News" contained an intro-
duction and background of the Heritage Commission and the preservations study,
statements about the importance of preservation, useful definitions of tenns, a
request for historical information, penci I sketches of several Sa I in a struc-
tures and lar£hErks, illustrations showing examples of construction details, a
treasure hunt which allowed citizens to look around them and becane more aware
of their surroundings and list of recannended sources of additional informa-
tion. This supplement was distributed free to over 16,000 households in Sa( in a
and Sa I ine County as well as other individual distribution points.
3)
A fourth work itan of the project entai led researchi~ as many different
structures as possible and, even more importantly, identifying sources for
further research. Approximately 95 structures were given a relatively
cursor review on level-one evaluation fonns. Approximately 40 of those
were se ect or eve -two eva uatlons. Not all level-two evaluations
have been carpleted. A,pproximately 15 of the level-two structures are yet
to be selected for level-three evaluations. In addition, miscellaneous
research on approximately 30 to 40 other structures is in varying stages of
carpletion.
The last major work itan entai led the detennination and adoption of objec-
tives and pol icies. As a starting point, the Secretary of Interior1s
Standards for Rehabilitation were adopted by the Heritage Commission.
These standards wi II be used by the Catmission and the Bui (ding Inspection
Department in reviewing appl ications for work on hanes which have been
designated as lanciTlarks. Going a step further, a goal, 5 objectives and
irrplementing pol icies were adopted by the Commission. These are intended
to assist the City Carmission, Planning Conmission, and other publ ic bodies
in deci s ions regard ing preservat ion issues. the gOâ I and re I ated obj ec-
tives and pol icies are found in Attachnent C. The pol icies were adopted
ard have been sent to the City Planning Commission in the hope that they will
be incorporated into the Salina Carprehensive Plan. Approved as the Salina
Conservation Plan of 1983.
4)
Conclusion
This study has provided an irrportant first step in the preservation efforts
of the City of Salina. Utilizing the information obtained, the city should
be able to complete the inventory process and should now have a basic
understard ing of the hi stor i ca I make-up of the ccmruni ty. We should be in
a ITUch better position to effectively evaluate structures and/or sites as
we attarpt to identify individual lancinarks and districts and public
acceptance of our efforts should be more easily obtained.
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Fo r Sa 1 i na 1 7
From Historic Preservation
Dept. - ToDeka, KS
1. The following properties within your jurisdiction are listed on both the Register
of Historit Kansas Places and the National Register of Historic Places:
John H. Prescott House, 211 West Prescott, Salina
A. J. Schwartz House, 636 East Iron, Salina
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19"
ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY
DEPICTING SALINA, KANSAS
Salina Public Library, Kansas Room
Atherton, H. M. Glimpses of Salina. Salina, Kansas, 1905.
Bishop, W. M. "History of Saline County, Kansas," Edwards I Atlas of Saline
County, Kansas, 1884.
Bramwell, Ruby Phillips. City on the Move: The Story of Salina. Salina, Kansas:
Survey Press, 1969.
Brown, A.L. Early History of Salina, Salina, Kansas, 19? .
Campbell, Mrs. A. M., Jr. Early Salina. Salina, Kansas, n.d.
Crowther, Mary, and Maley, Mary. As We Were: A Pictorial History of
Saline County, Vol. 1. Salina, Kansas: Saline County Historical Society,
1976.
Federal Writers' Project, State of Kansas. A Guide to Salina, Kansas.
Salina, Kansas, 1934.
Historic Preservation of Kansas. Newsletters of the Historic Preservation
Department, Kansas State Historical Society, Vol. 2, 1973.
IIMart of the Middle West." Better Salina. Salina, Kansas: Press of Central
Kansas Publishing Co., 19? .
Salina American Revolution Bicentennial Commission. Historic Buildin s
Past and Present: 1976 Calendar (Salina Salutes the Bicentennial.
Salina, Kansas, 1976.
Old Town Salina from 1858: A Self-Guide Tour. Brochure prepared and funded
by Saline County Historical Society and Salina Convention and Tourist
Bureau. Salina, Kansas, n.d.
Salina, Kansas Centennial. Salina, Kansas, 1958.
Salina, Kansas City Directory. Polk Co., 1979 to present.
Thomas, Sister Evangeline. Footprints on the Frontier. Salina, Kansas, 19? .
20
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Archival Files
.Personalities - Biographies
.Buildings
'Homes and Manufacturers
'Smoky Hill River
'Churches
.Schools
.Parks
.WPA Writers' Project
etc.
Other Reference Materials
.Atlases and Sanborne Maps (1884 - 1931)
.Newspapers on Microfilm (Salina Republican, Salina Evening Journal, Salina
.Salina, Kansas City Directories (1878 - present) Journal)
'Numerous volumes on general Kansas history
.Photographs
'Diaries, scrapbooks and other primary source material
'etc.
Wesleyan Memorial Library, Kansas Wesleyan University
Cornett, John S.
19? .
Fifty Years of Kansas Wesleyan, 1886 - 1936. Salina, Kansas,
Mann, Gordon C. An Outline History and Source Book of the Kansas Wesleyan
University. Salina, Kansas, 19? .
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ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY -
ON GENERAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Refer to the following publications to get started compiling a comprehensive
architectural history bibliography:
liThe Salina Preservation News,1I The Salina Journal, Budget Saver, 25 May 1983.
(Lists available publications in the Salina City Library.)
Nimz, Dale. Living with History: A Historic Preservation Plan for Lawrence,
Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas, March 1983, pp. 29-34. (Includes 17 building
conservation references - a very comprehensive list).
Rifkind, Carole. IIRecommended Readings - Preservation," A Field Guide to
American Architecture. New York: Signet, 1980.
Ziegler, Arthur P. and Kidney, Walter C. Historic Preservation in Small
Towns: A Manual of Practice. Nashville: American Ass'n. for State
and Local History, 1980.
Contact the following agencies or organizations:
.The National Trust for Historic Preservation, Regional Office in Denver.
'The State Historic Preservation Officer, Historic Preservation Dept.,
Kansas State Historical Society.
'The Kansas Preservation Alliance
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23
CHAPTER
2
SURVEY
OVERVIE~v
SURVEY OBJECTIVES
The survey objectives were specifically outlined in two documents pre-
ceding development of the survey design. Reference to those documents and
relevant excerpts follow:
1.
Kansas Preservation Plan: Urban Study Unit Manual, Historic Preservation
Dept., Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas, August 1983.
(Manual for conducting FY83 survey.) Refer to Appendix D.
Page 2 of the above document states:
The Urban Study Unit has several purposes:
1) To encourage cities to find and evaluate historic resources
with the assistance of survey and planning grants from the Historic
Preservation Dept.;
2) To enable cities to preserve their historic resources through
various means;
3) To provide HPD with historic information and survey results that
can be used when studying the potential impact of state or federal
projects on historic properties and as a valuable background tool
when reviewing submitted nominations to the State and National Register
of Historic Places.
Specific goals of the HPD are outlined on the IIUrban Study Unit Proposed
Outline" on the next page.
2.
Herita e Conservation Plan of Salina, Kansas - 1983. Wichita, Ks: Planning
Development Services, Inc., January 1983. Document adopted as official
city policy by Salina City Commission.) Refer to Appendix B.
Referring to the 1982 Historic Preservation Study that was part of the basis
for this current FY83/84 survey, the above document states:
Recognizing a need for an objective basis for decision-
making about Salina's future land use and other issues, the
Salina Heritage Commission initiated an historic preservation
Study to inventory and analyze the resources in the city
that are significant. . . .
This research will give the Heritage Commission and the
Planning and Community Development Department better insight
into the substance of Salina's history and help to establish a
framework for future inventories of structures, spaces, and
districts.
24
".8
Consequently, survey forms that were a part of the Conservation Plan are
to be completed that:
1) Identify buildings or sites of historical significance;
2) Record the specific features of the buildings or sites that should
be considered for protection under the Heritage Conservation
Ordinance.
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From:
Historic ireservation Jept
Kansas State Historical Soc
Topeka, KS 25
URBAN STUDY UNIT
PROPOSED OUTLINE~}
(for ~inal Report)
I.
Outline historic development of city.
In a brief discussion identify factors that determine the growth
and/or decline of the city. Address such questions as: When was
it settled? What industries located where? When did the railroad
arri~e? What major commercial operations were there? What were
the important social, civic, and religious organizations? Were
there any ethnic settlements? Answers to all of these questions
should indicate what cultural resources may remain. Make hypo-
theses about what could still be standing.
II.
Gather and review available preservation data. Identify what
surveys have already been done, what their inadequacies are, what
their strengths are. On a large scale map indicate boundaries of
surveys, where National or State Register or locally designated
properties are. Check with the Historic Preservation Department
to see if there is any survey information on file there.
III.
Determine where a survey is needed.
If no survey has been carried out or if a partial survey has been
done, you will want to define a manageable survey area. Its
extent and location will be based on such factors as:
a) areas of known historic importance
b) areas of potential or imminent development where the
development may have a positive or negative impact on
resources
c) time
d) money
You may end up surveying the original town
area that is slated for. new development or
survey should be conducted using the state
historic
or an old commercial
the whole city. The
inventory forms.
Summarize resources.
When the survey is completed write up a summary of what time
periods are represented in your city's building stock and what
types of buildings were found. (This should relate back to your
first step -- the historic outline of the city.) Indicate how
many of each type of building remains and what kind of condition
they are in overall. (This information will be available from
the survey forms.)
Make preservation recommendations.
This section includes broad recommendations for preservation as
well as specific suggestions for individual properties or historic
districts.Determine where your preservation priorities lie and
make more detailed recommendations for the most significant
properties or areas.
*Refer to Appendix D for a
more ~et2i1erl versl~n of this out11~e:
F>'3ns!1,s 'P'!"'ese"'v!Jtio'l'"l. Plan: TJrban c:turly Unit ;¡h'1uaJ,
Pr~parerl bv the RPD, Kansas State Historical Sacietv, ~o~eKa.
Ka"1sas, 1983.
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Nat'l. Register of
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Compo Reconnaissance
= Original Townsite -
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Business Imorov. Dist.
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29
SURVEY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This historic resources survey consists of three sequential components,
each with corresponding forms (see Appendix C):
1. Reconnaissance (field inspection): Site inspection to provide
provisional basis for next two steps. Essentially, it's to see what's out there
to sift the ordinary from the extraordinary.
.
2. Inventory (field inspection): Site inspection process that
requires listing each significant detail about each individual resource that
was decided to be significant during the previous reconnaissance.
3. Evaluation: Summarize the information from the Inventory forms
that were based on site inspections. Also used as a checklist to see if the
property meets the eligibility requirements for the National Register of
Historic Places, which was the criterion used to select these locally signifi-
cant resources.
Reconnaissance The Salina Heritage Commission elected to begin their
search for significant resources by means of a "comprehensive survey,1I as
opposed to a "windshield" or "spot survey"). The comprehensive reconnaissance
was to cover the complete 1930 city limits, an area that contains approximately
1,700 structures more than the formerly streetscaped area. This type of survey
meant that a written site inspection should be done for every resource within
the survey boundary on a cursory or preliminary level. An attempt to do just
that with what was called the "Level I" survey form proved unsuccessful. The
form was designed to be used for resources already identified as potentially
significant and, therefore, required excessive man hours and supplies spent
on largely non-significant resources. The sheer bulk of such an undertaking
would have bee~ unwieldy and difficult to analyze.
Two steps were taken to correct the problems: 1) the form was revised
to accommodate efficient utilization of field-inspection time by rearranging
the information so that the field data was recorded on one form; and, 2) the
area of a comprehensive reconnaissance was limited to the previously-street-
scaped area. A IIwindshield surveyll was then conducted for the remainder of
the 1930 city limits, in which there are few significant resources. In total,
every resource was physically inspected in the field using the same crite~ion
for both types of reconnaissance techniques.
From this reconnaissance, the following information can be recovered
about the general built environment of Salina (also see next page '~Results of
Architectural Reconnaissance").
1. Provide a complete historical written description of Salina's
architectural environment that corresponds ~/ith the visual description in
the Streetscape Files.
2. General profile of any area -- simply pull pages together for
for cursory impact study if prospective development is suspected of interference.
3. List of addresses in order for one side of a block on each sheet.
4. Summary of each page appears at the bottom of each form. This
gives a general profile of one side of a block.
30
5. Easy access into Streetscape Files -- the previous inventory
numbers represent the streetscape file number, photographic roll number, and
frame number.
6.
7.
Zoning patterns can be detected.
Shows which resources are under current state of threat and
why.
8. Chronological construction patterns (i.e., in-fill, etc.)
9. Which resources are significant enough to warrant further
research (inventory and evaluation).
Inventory The inventory is a field inspection process that provides an
occasion to record all pertinent architectural and historical information about
an individual resource on one form -- in essence, an inventory of what the
resource has to offer. A completed inventory form is by far the most important
evaluation tool for determining the degree of significance of~resource. A
five-page form provides space for recording the appropriate information and a
space for photographs: a front shot, oblique shot, and if necessary for
purposes of special interest, detail shots. A decision is made at the end of
each completed inventory whether or not to do an evaluation on the resource
as the next step.
Evaluation Evaluate from the field inspection Inventory form each individual
resource that was determined to be significant enough. All factors mentioned on
the Inventory form are considered along with comparing the resource in your mind
to other evaluated resources. It too is a bit repetitious in nature since most
all items are already listed on the Inventory form and what isn't represents a
checklist to record whether the resource meets the National Register criterion
that has to be considered when considering the resource for local designation.
RESEARCH
All research was based on the most readily available primary and secondary
local source material, standard architectu~al source material, and site examina-
tions performed on every resource within the 1930 city limits. This data
should be continually supplemented or revised in the future as information is
uncovered.
SURVEY AREAS
(see "Survey Boundaries" map)
.A comprehensive reconnaissance survey was performed for formerly-street-
scaped area.
.A windshield survey was conducted for the remainder of the 1930 city
1 imits.
.About 300 structures are scattered throughout the 1930 city limits,
with a few outside the limits, which qualify for further research (inventory
and evaluation).
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.A non-selective, comprehensive inventory was conducted for the primary
downtown commercial area consisting of the 100 blocks of North and South Santa
Fe Avenue, in light of their immediate threat. The area consists of 56 buildings.
Evaluations will be completed for those individually significant enough without
considering context as an important element. Research continues, time permitting,
to establish a more complete analysis of resource historical value and construction
dates (original building/remodelings, additions/facades).
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EVALUATION CRITERIA
~ignificancei
¡Formula: .
The criteria to follow recognize that the significance of a
structure is derived from its historical and physical contexts,
that a resource can be significant on its own or as a part of
a larger complex related by proximity or by concept.
The more historically important a building is determined to be,
the less important its architectural integrity oecomes. A
combination in high degree of both elements, however, represents
the ultimately significant resource.
Cri teri on :
Estimating Date of Construction
Even with extensive research, most structures cannot be precisely dated.
Others cannot even be estimated, usually due to extensive layers of remodeling
attempts. There are many ways to estimate a building date through sharp
observation of style detail, form, and building materials. Alterations and
addition dates can also be closely determined by considering these same elements
while looking for breaks with form. Some estimates of dates will be way off,
but reconnaissance estimates should not generally be more than five years off
either direction of the estimated (circa or c.) date. For instance, if an
estimate of 1930 (c. 1930) was made, the actual construction date should fall
within the range of 1925 and 1935. A reliability check determined that if a
date is off, the resource will usually turn out to be older than originally
suspected. The central business district buildings presented a special problem:
multiple dates are used to determine age of whole structure including, 1) the
original portion of the building; 2) facades; and, 3) major additions (i.e.,
a building built in 1877 that had a new facade and expanded on one whole side
at a later date would appear to read: c. 1877/1932/1966.
Criterion: Historic Districts Recommendations
Historic districts or areas are evaluated and recommended based upon the
criterion recommended by the National Register of Historic Places, according
to Sec. 42-458 of the Salina Heritage Conservation District Ordinance.
Criterion: Threatened or Endangered Properties
Definition:
A known or anticipated threat or damage to the integri~y
or existence of the resource such as: 1) immediate th¡'eat
which will result in loss of or collapse of structure;
2) immediate threat of destruction by private action; and
3) condemned for code violations. It is not to be construed
as routine maintenance which has been neglected.
1) domestic buildings in other than residential zone;
2) any project that places the structure1s usefulness under
consideration;
3) structural damage occurring from neglect;
4) ownership that is a direct conflict to the future existence
of the resource.
Specifically:
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~xplanati~~ of ~urvey Porm~~
Used for an Urban Study with a
Comprehensive Survey
by Mary Lee Robbins
Sa 1 i na, KS
March 1984
There are three major phases to the Salina Historical Resources Survey:
1.
2.
3.
The Reconnaissance or "Preliminary Inventory"
The Inventory
The Evaluation
In order to clarify and define these phases, the distinctions needed to be
made clear on the forms that were being used to record information. The
most obvious blur was occurring. between the reconnaissance and the inventory. This was
obvious because it was decided by the Salina Heritage Commission that a comorehensive
survey needed to be conducted, thus a very large area consisting of approximately
5,000 structures had to be surveyed very efficiently.
Problems with old "Level r Evaluation"form when used for reconnaissance fieldwork:
1. This form lends itself better to individual evaluations that have been selected
by some means previously or in a small survey area.
2.
The form is too bulky and slow in the field, considering that some blocks can
have as many as 35 structures.
3.
The terminology one could use in the blanks was open-ended and resulted in
confusing notations when read later or no notations at all with no explanation.
4.
Once the forms are filled out, they are difficult to retrieve from lack of
obvious filing order noted on form.
Once the forms were brought back to the office to be summarized, it was difficult
to pull the information off the form to get the "big picture" or an overview.
5.
6.
Too many items on the form were not used in the field and/or were repeated on
another form. Some items were just not representative of the type of information
one would want from an insignificant resource which comorises the greatest number
of the surveyed structures.
The white "Prel iminary Inventory" form took care of these oroblems.
advantages of this form are: (reconnaissance form)
The
1.
One page = one side of one street. Therefore, the unit represented by the form was
increased greatly and the ~ulk has been reduced.
2.
As many as 19 resources can be recorded, so it is a very quick way of Glancing
down a street and recording a lot of information in a short amount of time.
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All space on the form is utilized to the ultimate in order to accommodat~
demoqraohic-type information at a glance for quick summary.
4.
Some items are strategically placed so as to "read" the sirmificance of items
that could relate to each other (i.e., "under threat" and "Recommend Further
Eva 1 uati on" -- if a structure is under threat and shoul d be eva 1 uated further
then that alone is a significant piece of information).
5.
The "Page Summary" section at the bottom of the form is an efficient means of
accumulating meaningful data in a painless way. This data will 1) form a
data base for a physical description of the built environment that was surveyed;
and, 2) provide an endless combination of areas that can be easily pulled toqether
to provide a profile of structures when plannina for the future.
6.
This form is easier to relate to the previously-completed streetscapes when
trying to identify a particular resource while not in the field.
The yellow "Worksheet" is beinq used to record data oleaned from public records.
When completed, these worksheets will be copied and submitted to the Historical Pre-
servation Department to be entered into their computer record of sionificant Kansas
resource information.
The pink "Inventory" form was revised to include the five items that were not
re 1 evant on the old survey form and, therefore, taken off the new "Pre 1 imi nary Survey'l
form.
The blue "Evaluation" form will be used only on those resources worthy of the
highest consideration for siqnificance.
~~~EE INFO RMA TION ON THE FORMS DID NOT CHANGE WHEN THE REVISED
FORMS VŒPE ARRAN~ED, ONLY CONSOLIDATIO~ A~D OR~ANIZA~InN
OF THE INFORMA~ION WAS NECESS;PY. T~ FORMS ARE A PART OF
~HE SALINA CONSERVA'T'ION PLA"\T OF 1983 'T'FA'T1 'liAS ADOPTED BY
'T'PE '"ŒRJTAr---:: COM~nSSI()N AND CITY Cm!t~~ISSINr.
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RESOURCE SUMMARY
As of June 30, 1984 - FY83
This urban historic resource survey represents the most intensive and
comprehensive site inspection and evaluation strategy that's in use today.
Each step of the three-level survey has produced a flood of documents that have been
analyzed and properly filed for easy retrieval and use. The combination of archival
research and site inspections have revealed characteristics and patterns that
suggest strategies for future planning and action. A summary of the analysis
is below.
Time Periods Represented
Since the area within the 1930 city limits comprises such a large per-
centage of Salina, all major periods in local history are represented by its
constructions. Residential buildings far outweigh other types of constructions.
Within the previously-streetscaped area, more than three-fifths of the resources
were built in the Post-Victorian period, between 1890 and 1930. Nearly all con-
struction outside the streetscaped area but within the 1930 city limits were
built after 1930.
There were approximately 5,210 buildings within the 1930 city limits.
From that total, descriptive information was recorded for exactly 3,510
buildings that compri~e the previously-streetscaped area. Refer to the summary
sheet IIResults of Architectural Reconnaissance" following this section for a
detailed summary of these areas. Most structures were residential (3,157) and
built in the Post-Victorian period (2,622 - close to 50% of the total resources
in the 1930 city limits).
As a result of the reconnaissance, 286 resources were determined to be
significant enough to warrant an inventory. These resources have been listed
and described on IISignificant Resources of Salina, Kansas." Two significant
resources are on the National Register of Historic Places: 636 E. Iron Ave.,
and 211 W. Prescott Ave, the 1 ocati ons of whi ch are i dentifi ed on the "Survey
Boundaries" map. A profile of construction dates of significant resources
are as follows: (See back of "Historical Developmentll sections for lists.)
How Many+ Year Period & Total
3* 1860
13 1870
34 1880
+8 resources not 37 1890
included. 37 1900
*One of these is 66 1910
questionable.
56 1920
22 1930
10 1940+
Victorian -
50
Post Victorian -
218
Modern
10
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The following resources are determined to be Salina's most locally-
significant resources and should be considered for local landmark designation
before any other individual resources. They may also be eligible for the
State or National Register of Historic Places and have the highest chance
for qualifying, if not already so designated:
Resources:
122 S. Ninth St. c. 1872
205 N. Front St. 1860
138 S. Eighth St. 1908
150 S. Eighth St. c. 1870
352 N. Santa Fe Ave. 1887
211 W. Prescott Ave. 1884
636 E. Iron Ave. 1875
119 S. Seventh St. 1922
101-113 S. Seventh St. 1928
Old Smoky Hill River Channel
King Gymnasium 1915
211 E. Elm St. 1927
17 Crestview Dr. c. 1927
400 N. Thirteenth St. 1916
245 N. Ninth St. 1910
111 N. Santa Fe Ave. c. 1870/1940
680 S. Santa Fe Ave. c. 1890
683 S. Santa Fe Ave. 1887
720 S. Santa Fe Ave. c. 1890
746 S. Santa Fe Ave. 1887
800 S. Santa Fe Ave. c. 1890
100 Mt. Barbara Dr. c. 1910
130 Mt. Barbara Dr. c. 1910
218 S. Third St. c. 1879
Administration Bldg.-
Marymount College 1915
211 W. Iron Ave. 1938
104 S. Santa Fe Ave. 1886
336 S. Santa Fe Ave. 1922
Country Club Heights District
Santa Fe Avenue District
(Prioritized
to here)
Districts:
"Campbell Housel!
"Garlitz Carpenter Shopll
Christ Episcopal Church
IIJohn Shellabarger House"
Missouri Pacific Depot
"Prescott Housell - National Reg.
"Skelley or Schwartz House" - National RE I.
IIGreat Plains Bldg."
IIUnited Life Bldg."
Kansas Wesleyan University campus
"Swift Bldg."
"Charles Shaver Homell
Union Depot
IISaline County Courthouse"
IIPlanterls State Bank Bldg." or Genny's
Queen Anne residence
Shoppell-pattern-book style residence
Princess Anne residence
Gothic/Stick residence
Stick/Shingle residence
"Shelton House" or "Mt. Barbara"
Federal Revival residence
Italianate, sand-brick residence
Post Office
Paris Plus
Masonic Temple
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Building Types and Patterns
Victorian Period Since this is the oldest period in Salina's history
most of the oldest remaining resources are within the Original Townsite boundaries.
Most are concentrated around the center of town, still at the intersection of
Iron and Santa Fe Avenues. The single most startling observation about the
city's built environment is the complete absence of Victorian-period institu-
tional (schools, hospitals, etc.) and civic buildings. In addition, very few
ecclesiastical and utilitarian (industrial) structures have survived. The
majority of this period's representatives are framed, residential and brick
commercial building types.
Residential structures are largely Italianate in style and form during
this period. Very few high Queen Anne structures remain; but many, late Victor-
ian to Post Victorian structures are simplified descendants, referred to as
the Princess Anne style. Their asymetrical morphology and accents give away
their ancestry.
Commercial structures built during this era are concentrated around the
central business district, have been "facadomized" at least once, often only
changing the first storey. Such changes are generally permanent, but a few
are merely covered by metal veneer that can be easily removed when reversion
to the original facade is desired.
Post-Victorian Period The majority of Salina's significant resources
were built during this time. Every category of style, function and major
philosophical belief of the day is represented in the city's environment, but
several of these lIyounger" old buildings have already been razed. Salina has
lost its two Carnegie buildings: the City Library and the Carnegie Science
Hall at Kansas Wesleyan University. Coinciding with the available and more
common use of bricks at the turn of the century, public street works, etc.,
brick residence construction commenced at a high rate. Prosperity showed in
the durable materials being commonly used. As a result, many fine masonry
residences remain today in excellent condition.
The residential style most commonly represented in the survey area from this
era is by far the Craftsman Bungalow, the fi rst dream house of Ameri ca. rJeo-
Colonial (or Colonial Revival), especially Dutch Colonial Revival, and the
American Foursquare styles and forms remain well represented too.
Commercial and utilitarian constructions retained brick as their primary
material. Experimentation with concrete, terra cotta, light stone, and new
technology is visible in almost all.
Construction patterns were mostly fill-in in the earlier part of this
period and expansive into additional land acquisitio~s as the period approached
the 1940s. One architect, Charles W. Shaver, almost single-handedly designed
the largest portion of exceptional commercial architecture between 1915 and
1940. His Revivalist preference, especially the Spanish Revival style, lends
an overall flavor to Salina that is quite obvious and unique.
40
r
Modern structures complete the built environmental portrait of the whole
area. New, modern constructions were filled in between existing ones, creating
the high density of today within the formerly-streetscaped area. Outside that
area, however, 1940s, '50s and '60s residential constructions dominate -- bunga-
lows, cottages, split-levels, ranchers -- with few exceptions.
Condition
The condition of about 85% of the significant resources is either
excellent or good. Only a couple are in deteriorated condition, in need of
major repairs. The remainder fall in between those two extremes.
Ethnic and Socio-economic Construction Patterns
Clusters of ethnic residences are difficult to identify. It is presumed
that assimilation occurred within the second generation immigrant families so
these early ethnic patterns are not detectable. Modest settlements north of
the railroad tracks remain as the poorest area, but this pattern is more
socio-economic than ethnic, even though blacks have settled in this part of
town.
Distinct Character
The perceived personality or character of a city from its built environ-
ment, history and cultural mix is, of course, impossible to define in words.
So many factors contribute to an overall "sense" of place and some elements
can be described while others remain too ephimeral.
Post-Victorian period architecture dominates Salina's environment.
Charles Shaver's designs, mentioned above for his distinct Revivalist-
styled designs, left his mark on Salina's positive aesthetic appeal.
The recurrent agricultural theme in the city's development is
immediately visible on the skyline in the form of grain elevators. They
serve as monuments to Salina's world-wide contributions to the food supply.
Environmental elements suggest that town fathers, merchants and property
owners have been, and continue to be, concerned with presenting an up-to-date.
modern appearance. The "modernize Main Street" campaigns of the 1930s heard
across the country struck hard in Salina's central business district. In great
part, thi s phil osophy of pre senti ng a "new" image persists. So the general
exterior character of the city's commercial environment is a combination 1930s/
1960s "new." There exists no unity of design or style -- quite individualistic
in both style and quality of materials.
There is little or no visible evidence of any genuine restoration-type
construction. There exists a few private rehabilitation projects, but most
revitalization efforts have been renovative in nature, contributing further
to a "new," layered or veneered appearance. A few interpretive exterior
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paint jobs have recently been undertaken that accent and highlight the
intricate details on vintage residences. A conservative, sensible approach to
stylistic taste is perceived through Salina's architecture.
Vacant Buildings
Generally, vacant buildings in the central business district are not
a serious problem, as is commonly found. One large retail department store
building, Montgomery Ward, stands empty. But downtown decay is visible
in a concentrated area on the east side of the 200 block of North Santa Fe Ave.
up to Lee Hardware and the west side of the 200 block on North Fifth St.
One person has systematically purchased the property over a period of time.
allowed the buildings to go vacant by attrition, and is waiting to redevelop
the area. The buildings located in this area are all immediately endangered.
Threatened Properties
Main Street the most endangered or threatened resources exist
in one area called the Downtown Business Improvement District (see "Survey
Boundaries" map). The complete Central Business District or Main Street
is immediately endangered because of the efforts of two downtown redevelop-
ment-oriented groups to initiate the construction of a "City Centre Mall."
Such a structure is supposedly to be covered and climate controlled and, as
latest plans reflect, require redevelopment of the primary portions of Main
Street Salina.
It is presumed from an architectural history vieH point that the complete
area will remain endangered until such a project is complete or the adoption
of a more permanent solution that focuses on revitalization (as opposed to
redevelopment) that conserves the desirable elements about a Main Street
that leave its integrity intact.
Post-Victorian Lack of Understanding The second most endangered
group of resources is those that were built during the Post-Victorian Era.
This is so because of the "newnessll of such structures -- it has gone "out
of style" within the lifetimes of most of Salina's population. The process
of re-accepting these structures as a valuable asset is a hard one to come
by -- usually at the expense of many lost ones. Resources that fall into
the age bracket of 50 to 70 years old are at high risk simply because they
are not old enough: After that period, they become more generally favored,
and consequently better appreciated and preserved. The time is right now
for Salina to protect the significant resources from this period.
Other properties suffer from owner neglect, improper zoning, and
economic pressures for redevelopment possibilities.
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RESULTS OF ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE
MARCH, 1984
1930lS CITY LIMITS OF SALINA, KANSAS
TOTAL NUMBER OF RESOURCES SURVEYED:
CD
Comprehensive - area previous ly streetscaoed.
(See IIPreliminary Surveyll Reconnaissance Formsr
3,510
[Ð
Ncn-Comprehensive
("Thumbnail")
TOTAL NUMBER RESOURCES
Approx.
Approx.
1,70ú
5,210
T TAL NUMBER OF ARCHITECTURALLY OR HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES
(not final Approx. 300
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL RESOURCES
NUMBER OF RESOURCES THAT ARE POTENTIAL HISTORIC REGISTER PROPERTY
6%
16
BREAKDOWN OF AREA CCMPPEI-:"ENSIVELY SU:tVEYEQ (flAil above):
RESOURCE TYPE
Residential Structures
(No. of residences - 3,566)
Commercial Structures
~o. of businesses
Churches
Schools
Warehouses
Other (lots, parks, street furniture, etc.
'.
3,137
j
'--"'----,.-- -
417)
370
13
12
26
54
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
Victorian (Mid to late)
Vernacular-commercial
Period Revival
Post Victorian
Modern
Utilitarian
Other
57
38
28
2,622
463
267
19
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Construction Dates (Most estimated)
1860s
18705
18805
18905
1900s
19105
19205
19305
19405
19505+
"
c.
6
52
164
799
575
533
513:;:
306
538
-
'," .
~:.the majority of structures
bu~lt in 1930's were eithe~
early '303 or possl~ly late
'203 and co!r¡."1lerc1.a:!. facaèe3
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SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES
OF SALINA, KANSAS
Within the 1930 City limits
I UNNUMBERED RESOURCES I
Brick Works (streets, sidewalks,..)
Country Club Heights Gate- 1926
Iron-Street Bridge (4th St.)- 1915
Indian Rock Park (Indian Rock)
Kenwood Park Complex- 1931
King Gymnasium-KWU- 1915
Lakewood Park & Iron Bridge
Martin Stadium Complex-KWU-c.1930
Marymount Admin. Bldg.- 1919
Millstone (1861) & Founders. Park
Oakdale Park- 1881
Old Smoky Hill River Channel
Pioneer Hall- KWU- 1930
Sunset Park- 1935
Thomas Park- c. 1930
45
Abbreviations
Utile - utilitarian
PV - Post Victorian Period
Vic. - Victorian Period i
Mod. - modified I
c. - circa or approximately I
Simp. - simplified
res. - residence
Verno - vernacular
Comm. - commercial
Am. - American (foursquare)
I NUMBERED RESOURCES I
Const. Date Brief
Street Name Address (Orig/Newer Add.) Description
SECOND ST. 225 N. Second 1880 Vic, res.
TH I RD ST. 1014 N. Third C. 1930 Util, KDOT Ofc.
218 S. Third C. 1879 Vic, Italianate, res
FOURTH ST. 108 S. Fourth C. 1910 Util, Boston Whse..
132 S. Fourth C. 1910 Uti 1, Eller Bros.
FIFTH ST. 213 N. Fi fth C. 1920 Util, Comm
217 N. Fifth C. 1920 Util, Comm
500 N. Fifth C. 1910 Util
126 S. Fifth c. 1915 Util, Apts.
132 S. Fi fth C. 1925 Util, Comm, Jilka's
257 S. Fi fth C. 1890 PV, Princess Anne, res
300 S. Fifth C. 1895 PV, Neo-Colonial, res
401 S" Fifth 1934 Util, Art Deco, City \vater
445 S. Fifth C. 1910 PV, Dutch Col Rev, res
46
Street Name
Address
108 N. Seventh
109/111 N. Seventh
146 N. Seventh
157 N. Seventh
346 N. Seventh
101-113 S. Seventh
119 S. Seventh
125 S. Seventh
157 S. Seventh
200 S. Seventh
225 S. Seventh
302 S. Seventh
326-330 S. Seventh
SEVENTH ST.
EIGHTH ST.
122 N.
321 N.
138 S.
1 50 S.
201 S.
204 S.
308 S.
317 S.
321 S.
334 S.
402 S.
414 S.
420 S.
448 S.
451 S.
502 S.
516 S.
542 S.
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
Eighth
103 N. Ninth
118 N. Ninth
137 N. Ninth
245 N. Ninth
336 N. Ninth
339 N. Ninth
349 N. Ninth
510 N. Ninth
715 S. Ninth
122 S. Ninth
209 S. Ninth
231 S. Ninth
300 S. Ninth
434 S. Ninth
440 S. Ninth
..11..
NINTH ST.
Const. Date
(Orig/Newer Add.)
c. 1920
c. 1880
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1900
1928
1922
1922
1930
c. 1890
c. 1925
1916
c. 1880
1916
c. 1910
1906-8
c. 1870
1924
c. 1900
1922
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1890
1885
c . 1880
c. 1895
c. 1910
c. 1 900
c. 1900
c. 1900
1918
1953
c. 1910
1910
c. 1890
c. 1920
c. 1920
c. 1880
c. 1930
c. 1872
c. 1920
1910
1925
1910
c. 1875
Brief
Description
Uti1, Comm, Cozy Inn
Uti1, Comm, Midwest Bus.
Util, Eagles' Lodge
Util, Span. Rev., Woods
Util, Lee Mill Complex
PV, Tall Bldg, United Life
PV, Beaux Arts, Grt Plains
PV, Col. Rev., Credit Bur.
Uti1, Comm, pt of SW Bell
PV, Col. Rev., res.
Mod. Gothic, Imm. Lutheran
Gothic, St. John's Lutherar
res.
PV, Class. Rev., 1st Meth.
PV, Class. Rev., old ch.?
Gothic, Christ Ep. Ch.
Vic, Italianate, res
Gothic, 1st Christ. Ch.
PV, Mod. Am. 4square, res.
Gothic, 1st Presby. Ch.
PV, Princess Anne, res.
PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
PV, Am 4square
Vic, Prin/Qn Anne, res.
Vic, Italianate, res.
Vic, Italianate, res.
PV, Neo-Co1onia1, res.
PV, Shingle, res.
PV, Neo-Colonial, res.
PV, Neo-Colonial, res.
PV, Neo-Col/Prin Ann, res.
PV, Cl. Rev, Cath. Convent
Modern, Sac. Hrt. Cath.
PV, Prairie, Cath. Char.
PV, Cl. Rev., Old Crthse.
Util, livery stable?
PV, Cl Rev/Rom-SJ Bapt. Ch
Util, Service station
Util, "Mill er House"
Util, Hawthorne School
Vic, !tal., "Campbell Hsell
PV, Prairie, res.
Gothic, Faith Temple Ch.
PV, Eng. Rev, Bartlett Sch
PV, Am 4square, res.
Vi c, sand bri ck
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I Const. Date Brief
Street Name Address (Orig/Newer Add.) Description
I NINTH ST. 451 S. Ninth c. 1890 PV, Prine Anne, res.
(cont.) 501 S. Ninth c. 1920 PV, Prairie, res.
625 S. Ninth C. 1900 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
1 629 S. Ninth c. 1890 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
802 S. Ninth c. 1920 PV, Bungalow, res.
845 S. Ninth C. 1910 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
I 907 S. Ninth c. 1930 PV, Span. Rev, res.
916 S. Ninth c . 1 940 PV, Neo-Col Rev, res.
TENTH ST. 116 S. Tenth C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
I, 120 S. Tenth C. 1900 PV, Neo-Col. Rev, res.
128 S. Tenth C. 1 880 Vic, Italianate, res.
129 S. Tenth C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
I 139 S. Tenth C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
142 S. Tenth C. 1920 PV, Bungalow, res.
156 S. Tenth C. 1900 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
11 158 S. Tenth C. 1880 Vic, Italianate, res.
201 S. Tenth C. 1940 Modern, Span. Rev, res.
204 S. Tenth c. 1915 PV, Federal Rev, res.
1 208/210 S. Tenth C. 1880 Vic, Stick, res.
I ELEVENTH ST. 509 S. Eleventh C. 1909 PV, Princess Anne, res.
t 615 S. Eleventh C. 1915 Util, Kindergarten cotto
11 THIRTEENTH ST. 251 N. Thirteenth C. 1880? Vern, false front
336 N. Thirteenth C. 1880 Vern, old hotel
400 N. Thirteenth 1916 Util, Union Depot
I
I ASH ST. 300/318 E. Ash C. 1929 Util, Western Star Mill
320 E. Ash C. 1920 Util, City Street bldg.
219 W. Ash 1928 Util, old "Warren Hotel"
I 410 W. Ash 1923 PV, Cl Rev, Memorial Hal.
419 W. Ash C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
613 W. Ash c. 1 900 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
701 W. Ash c. 1890 PV, Prine Anne,.res.
1 702 W. Ash C. 1880 Vic, Stick, res.
725 W. Ash c. 1900 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
, 915 W. Ash c. 1900 PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
I BAKER ST. 117 Baker C. 1930 PV, Eng. Rev, res.
I CHANNEL ST. 223 Channel C. 1 900 W.W. Watson Barn, res.
COLLEGE ST. 103 N. College C. 1 900 PV, Neo-Col. Rev, res.
100 S. Co 11 ege c. 1900 PV, Neo-Col. Rev/Roman,
1 res.
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Street Name
COLUMBIA ST.
COUNTRY CLUB
RD.
CRAWFORD ST.
CRESTVIEW DR.
ELLSWORTH AV.
ELM ST.
FAIRDALE RD.
FRONT ST.
GREENWAY RD.
GYPSUM ST.
HIGHLAND AVE.
Address
214 S. Columbia
411 Country Club
413 Country Cl ub
417 Country Cl ub
421 Country Club
130 W. Crawford
216 W. Crawford
1910 E. Crawford
6 Crestview
14 Crestvi ew
17 Crestview
19 Crestview
22 Crestview
427 W. Ellsworth
211 E. Elm
509 E. Elm
116 W. Elm
222 W. Elm
58 Fairdale
205 N. Front
11 0 S. Front
124 S. Front
130 S. Front
203 Greenway
208 Greenway
212 Greenway
619 Gypsum
638 Highland
650 Highland
680 Highland
701 Highland
720 Highland
762 Highland
816 Highland
820 Highland
860 Highland
1009 Highland
Const. Date
(Orig/Newer Add.)
c. 1900
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. '1927
c. 1927
c. 1915
e. 1930
c. 1863?
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. 1927
1937
1927
c. 1910
c . 1 940
1950
c. 1927
1860
c. 1930
c. 1880
e . 1 900
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. 1927
c. 1880
c. 1910
c. 1900
e. 1910
e, 1910
e. 1930
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1900
c. 1910
1915
Brief
Description
PV, l~-story rec, res.
PV, res.
PV, res.
PV, res.
PV, res.
PV, Am 4square, res.
PV,
Vic, res.
PV, Neo-Co1 Rev, res.
PV, res.
PV, Eng. Rev, res.
PV, Neo-Col Rev, res.
PV, res.
PV, Art Deco, res.
Util, Art Deco, IISwiftll
Util, St. Francis (sch)
PV, Span. Rev. comm.
PV, Art Modern, Fire Dpt.
PV, Eng. Rev, res.
Vic, false fnt,"Carpnt.r"
S'
PV, Eng. Rev, res. ~
Vie, Ital/Grk Rev, res.
PV, Neo-Classica1
PV. Eng. Rev, res.
PV, 4square/Eng. Rev, re~
PV, Eng. Rev, res.
Vie, Italianate, res.
PV, Eng Rev/Mission, res.
PV, Bungalow, res.
PV, Prairie, res.
PV, Am 4square., res.
PV, Span. Rev, res.
PV, Bungalow, res.
PV, Crafts. 4sq, res.
PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
PV, Neo-Col Rev, res.
PV, C1 Rev, Lowell Sch.
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I Const. Date Brief
j
Street Name Address (Drig/Newer Add.) Description
I
I RON AVE. 100/102 E. Iron c. 1 900 PV, Verno
110/112 E. Iron C. 1890 PV, Vern.
I 111-125 E. Iron C. 1920 PV, Art Deco
114 E. Iron C. 1900 PV, Vern.
200 E. Iron 1878 Vi c, Vern, "Rafters II
I 210 E. Iron C. 1920 Uti 1.
405 E. Iron 1928 PV, Eng Rev, comm.
630 E. Iron C. 1930 PV, Span. Rev, res.
636 E. Iron 1875 Vic, Ren, "Swartz Hse"
I 800 E. Iron 1900 PV, Dutch Col Rev
811 E. Iron 1930 PV, Eng Rev, Oakdale Sch.
1815 E. Iron C. 1900 PV, "Simpson Place"
I 211 W. Iron 1938 PV, Art Deco, Post Ofc.
401 W. Iron 1918 PV, Sullivanesque, comm.
406 W. Iron 1908 PV, Cl. Rev, SH Grade Sch.
410 W. Iron 1916 PV, Cl. Rev, SH Jr. High
I 526 W. Iron c . 1880 Vic, Italianate, res.
609 W. Iron C. 1910 PV, Dutch Col Rev, res.
823 W. Iron c. 1920 PV, Bungalow, res.
I JOHNSTOWN AV. 809 Johnstown C. 1890 PV, Homestead ell, res.
I LINCOLN AVE. 416 W. Lincol n C. 1875 Vic, Brick Cottage, res.
MULBERRY ST. 209 E. Mulberry C. 1880 Vic, res.
2ìO W. Mulberry 1916, 1925 PV, Eng Rev, Lin/Roosev.
I MINNEAPOLIS A. 129 W. Minneapolis C. 1900 PV, Dutch Col Rev., res.
I MT. BARBARA 100 Mt. Barbara 1918 PV, Mission, "Shelton HsE
DR. 130 Mt. Barbara C. 1910 PV, Federal Rev., res.
NORTH ST. 214 E. North C. 1900 Util, whse.
I 321 W. North 1918/1927/1931 Util, Gooch Mi 11 Compl ex
OAKDALE DR. 315 Oakdale Dr. c, 1890 PV, Prine Anne, res.
: I 613 Oakdale Dr. C. 1910 PV, Prin Anne, res.
OAKDALE ST. 214 S. Oakda 1 e St. C. 1890 Vic, Stick?, res.
I 316 S. Oakdale St. 1912 PV., Am 4square, res.
OHIO ST. 450 N. Ohio C. 1923 PV, Bungalow, Mailorder
I OVERHILL RD. 102 Overh ill C. 1927 PV, Span. Rev., res.
106 Overhill C. 1927 PV, Ctr Hall, res.
I PARK LANE 300 W. Park Lane C. 1927 PV, Col. Rev, res.
302 W. Park Lane 1926 PV, Col. Rev, res.
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Const. Date Brief
Street Name Address (Orig/Newer Add.) Description
PENN AVE. 139 N. Penn 1913 Util, SJ Hospital
PHILLIPS ST. 145 N. Phi 11 i ps c. 1 940 Modern, Lamer's Market
PRESCOTT AVE. 129 W. Prescott c. 1 900 PV, Neo-Col Rev, res.
211 W. Prescott 1884 Vic, Ital, "Prescott Hse"
231 W. Prescott c. 1910 PV, ctr hall, res.
(Comprehensive listing)
SANTA FE AVE. 100 N. Santa Fe 1878 Vern, Paris Shop
(Downtown) 101 N. Santa Fe 1890/1924 Vern, 1st Nat'l Bk.
104 N. Santa Fe 1871 -2/? Ve rn, Warden1s
107 N. Santa Fe c. 1911 Vern, Shelton's
108 N. Santa Fe c. 1890/1924 Vern, Rose's
109 N. Santa Fe c. 1895 Vern, Low's Drugs
110 N. Santa Fe c. 1876/1926 Vern, Gebhart's
111 N. Santa Fe c. 1870/1940/60 Vern, Gennyls
112/114 N. Santa Fe ? /1950 Vern, West Ltd.
113 N. Santa Fe c. 1880 Vern, Con sol.
115 N. Santa Fe c. 1880 Vern, Kline's
116 N. Santa Fe c. 1 880 Vern, Trio Fash.
117/119 N. Santa Fe c. 1 904 Vern, Kline's
118 N. Santa Fe 1879 Vern, Anderson's
120 N. Santa Fe ? Vern, Deal1s Gifts
122 N. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, Trio Shop
123 N. Santa Fe 1917/23 Vern, Vernon's
124 N. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, Brass Buckle
125/127 N. Santa Fe c. 1915/20 Vern, Long's
126 N. Santa Fe c. 1930 Vern, Traylor1s
128-138 N. Santa Fe c. 1930/58 Vern, Planter1s
131 N. Santa Fe c. 1930 Vern, Mont. Ward
135 N. Santa Fe c . 1 900 Vern, Western Div.
137 N. Santa Fe c. 1920 Vern, Pfaff Sew.
141 N. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, Bergen's
100 S. Santa Fe c. 1890/1922 Vern, Nat'l. Bnk.
101-107 S. Santa Fe 1884/c.l960 Vern, Wilson's
104 S. Santa Fe 1886 Vern, Paris Plus
106 S. Santa Fe 1886 Vern, vacant
108 S. Santa Fe 1910 Vern, Seitz Shoes
109 S. Santa Fe c. 1 880/? Vern, McCoy's
110 S. Santa Fe 1910/? Vern, Harold1s
111 S. Santa Fe c. 1880/? V ern, McCoy's
112-118 S. Santa Fe c. 1870/1936 Vern, The Loft et aL
113 S. Santa Fe c. 1910 Vern, Old Briar et al-
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Const. Date Brief
Street Name Address (Orig/Newer Add.) Description
SANTA FE AVE. 115 S. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, Hurry Back Cafe
(Downtown 117/119 S. Santa Fe c. 1890/1920 Vern, Dots
cont. ) 120 S. Santa Fe C. 1895 Vern, Shank's
121 S. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, Tuff Threads
122/124 S. Santa Fe 1948 Vern, Seifert's et aZ.
123 S. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, S&P Coin et aZ.
125/127 S. Santa Fe 1881/c.1960 Verno Salina Tvl et aZ.
128/132 S. Santa Fe 1910 Vern, Kinney's et aZ.
129 S. Santa Fe C. 1920 Vern, Salina Ofc Sp
131 S. Santa Fe C. 1920 Ve rn, J i 1 ka ' s
134 S. Santa Fe C. 1920 Vern, "Kress Bldg."
139 S. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, Jilka's
140 S. Santa Fe C. 1950 Vern, Penny's
141/143 S. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, Baldwin's
144/146 S. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, L&M Shoes et aZ.
145 S. Santa Fe 1928/36 Vern, Huntsinger's
147 S. Santa Fe c. 1910 Vern, Pro Uniforms
148 S. Santa Fe C. 1910/70 Vern, Bolen-Wood
150 S. Santa Fe 1916 Vern, Shoe Shop
153-163 S. Santa Fe 1931 PV, A'i"t Deco, "Watson Th"
156/158 S. Santa Fe ? / 1948 Vern, Fun Center
...;.;.;.".;.z.'
SANTA FE AVE. 216 N. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, facade only, vcnt.
218 N. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, vacant
219 N. Santa Fe 1914 Vern, Paramount Bar
220/222 N. Santa Fe C. 1890 Vern, Salina Auto Trm.
254 N. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, H.D. Lee Complex
342 N. Santa Fe C. 1910 Util, "Rearwin Bldg"
352 N. Santa Fe 1887 Vic, Romanesque, MoPac Dpc
419 N. Santa Fe 1900 Util, Grocery Whse
511 N. Santa Fe C. 1885/1918 Util, Robinson Mill Cmplx
802 N. Santa Fe C. 1920 Util, Service station
900 N. Santa Fe c. 1915 Util, Service station
200-216 S. Santa Fe 1924 Vern, facade only
222 S. Santa Fe c.1890/c.1930 Vern, ADeco, Vogue Th
240/242 S. Santa Fe c. 1890 Vern, facade only
246-254 S. Santa Fe c.1900/40 Vern, facade only
336 S. Santa Fe 1922 Class. Rev, Masonic Tmpl
337 S. Santa Fe C. 1900 PV, Princess Anne, funeral
543 S. Santa Fe C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
626 S. Santa Fe C. 1910 PV, Am 4square, res.
639 S. Santa Fe C. 1910 PV, Prairie, res.
645 S. Santa Fe C. 1880 Vic, Stick, res.
659 S. Santa Fe C. 1890 PV, Princess Anne, res.
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Street Name
SANTA FE AVE.
(cont. )
SOUTH ST.
SPRUCE ST.
WALNUT ST.
Address
660 S. Santa Fe
680 S. Santa Fe
683 S. Santa Fe
705 S. Santa Fe
720 S. Santa Fe
746 S. Santa Fe
800 S. Santa Fe
833 S. Santa Fe
929 S. Santa Fe
1509 S. Santa Fe
413/415 W. South
315 W. South
715 Spruce
315 W. Walnut
I O~TSIDE 1930 CITY LIMITS I
INEZ ST.
FIFTH ST.
526 Inez
N. Fifth & Stimmel
Const. Date
(OrigfNewer Add.)
c. 1910
c. 1890
1887
c . 1 880
c. 1890
1887
c. 1890
c. 1925
c. 1925
1917
c . 1880?
c. 1890
c. 1880
c. 1910
c. 1 980
c. 1910
Brief
Description
PV, Prairie, res.
Vic, Queen Anne, res.
Vic, (late) Pattern bk
Vic, Italianate, res.
PV, Princess Anne, res.
Vie, Gothic/Stick, res.
Vic, Stick/Shingle, res.
PV, Am 4square, res.
PV, Eng. Rev., res.
Grk Rev, Univ. Meth. Ch.
Vic, res.
PV, Homestead ell, res.
Vic, Gothic, former ch?
PV, Dutch Col. Rev, res.
Modern,IIArch Housell
Util, Stimmel Sch House
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Handout for architectural
workshop. meant to inform
a cross section of i~teres~
persons about the survey.
Architectural Workshop
May 16, 1984
SALINA EXAMPLES OF
ARCHITECTURAL PERIODS AND STYLES
VICTORIAN ERA .. 186o.~g}8?1
Called the "gilded age", and praised as the "golden age", the
Victorian Age was a time of enormous energy. Extraordinary national
efforts were required to keep pace with the housing needs of an ex-
ploding population. During this period, Salina took its place in the
Westward Expansion efforts to alleviate overcrowding in the east and
to accommodate immigrants. Soon after the founding of Salina, as
with other new settlements, a vast volume of construction was realized
only through increasingly industrialized building technology like
pressed brick, cut stone, plate glass, cast iron, etc.. The rail
system through Salina enabled the transportation of material from
their source.
Early to Mid-Victorian - 1860 to 1880 (Residences more compact)
Wooden Vernacular
205 N. Front
1860
Brick Vernacular
104 S. Santa
(oldest building in Salina,
Vernacular-commercial,
Wooden false front)
Fe c.1890 Vernacular - commercial
Brick-Romanesgue
("Campbel1 House")
Italianate
Italianate/Eastlake
Gothic/Stick
Queen Anne
122 S.
150 S.
746 S.
680 S.
Ninth c.1880
Eighth c.1870
Santa Fe c. 1880
SantaFe c.1890
Late Victorian
1880 to 1890
This transition period displays more massiveness, complexity of
form, and asymmetry, combined with cleaner lines and a near absence of
exterior frilly ornamentation. This period incorporated architectural
features from many styles with much more unity and grace than earlier
Victorian styles.
Late Queen Anne
683 S. Santa Fe
1877
similar to a Shoppe11's
Pattern-Book house
"""""'I!!!Ç'"_.._,......"..~-..-...... ..."It
POST V I CTOR IANERA...,ö 1'89a:-tG,l9-30;Y
This was an era of changing attitudes that affected the look of
not only Salina, but the whole nation. The typically simplified ex-
terior made a statement of honesty and nostalgia as a reaction to what
54
Architectural Workshop
May 16, 1984
Page 2
turn-of-the-century artists and philosophers believed to be "Victorian
excess". However, the decoration was by no means gone. Besides
serving more utilitarian needs, the Post Victorian building boom resulted
in modern marketing and construction strategies such as pattern-book
houses, mail-order houses, and speculative building (tract housing).
This phase of growth in Salina was brought on by commerce and industrial-
ization.
.
There were three major philosophical movements occurring simultane-
ously that effected architecture in this period:
1. Romanticism (revivalism of former styles) the revivalists or
romantics felt that architecture should evoke an emotional response
based on association with historical events of national significance.
Thus, there were period revivals and classical revivals as follows:
a.
Colonial Revival (Neo-Colonial) c.1900 448 S. Eighth
Spanish Revival c.1920 720 Highland
English Revival c.1926 17 Crestview
Dutch Colonial Revival c.1900 725 W. Ash
Federal Revival c.1915 204 S. Tenth
Classical Revival 1923 410 W. Ash (Memorial Hall)
Beaux Arts 1922 119 S. Seventh (Great Plains)
Renaissance 1915 400 N. Thirteenth (Union Depot)
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
2. Utilitarianism - The believers in utilitarianism reacted to both
the Revivalists and the Victorians as part of an international "Arts and
Crafts" movement that sought to eliminate what they felt was useless
decoration still prevalent. They focused on practicality and beauty in
combination.
a.
Craftsman Bungalow c.1910 762 Highland
American Foursquare c.1910 419 W. Ash
Prairie School or Mission C.1910 100 Mt. Barbara
Princess Anne c.1900 701 W. Ash
Homestead c.1890 315 W. South
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. Modernism - This is really pre-modernism but is considered the
first true break with Victorianism and Revivalism. This style was
European inspired and the emphasis was on the future rather than the
past like other styles.
a. Art Deco c . 1930 111 N. Santa Fe (Facade of Genny's)
1934 401 S. Fifth (City Water Works)
b. Art Mode rne c. 1930 427 W. Ellsworth
c. Tall Building 1928 101-113 S. Seventh (United Life)
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LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL LEGENDS
As the north part of Salina developed into a "shanty town," it is
said by north-siders that railroad car doors were frequently used as
walls for room additions. The doors on the boxcars ~ould somehow "get
opened and lost." Supposedly, a few of these boxcar-door houses are
still in use today.
Two separate sources have spoken about a stagecoach depot that
is located somewhere on the west side of town, possibly around Park St.
or Clark St. One source said there exists the dirt floor in the basement
where they brought in wagons or horses. A search for this building was
in vane. Further research may uncover more concrete information.
A local historian has investigated the possibility of Q log house
existing east of Marymount College that formerly stood in Salina proper.
The log structure was supposedly built in 1867, but is now covered with
siding. What the owner uses for a living room and bedroom is the "old
house." No part of the log house is probably visible from either the
interior or exterior. Further research on this is necessary.
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LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL THEMES
Some individual structures that are listed below may not necessarily
be considered significant resources alone. However, as a group, all of
these structures add special meaning to the character of Salina.
Agricultural History - Mill Complexes
511 N. Santa Fe Ave.
346 N. Seventh St.
321 W. North St.
300/318 E. Ash St.
*Complex much
but reflects
c. 1885
1899
1918
c. 1929*
older than this
age of present structure.
Robinson Mill Complex
Econo-Flo (Lee-Warren) Mill Complex
Gooch Mill Complex
Western Star Mill Complex
Historic Businesses
145 S. Phillips St.
108 N. Seventh St.
110 N. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1940
c. 1920
c. 1876
Wooden Falsefront Commercial Buildings
410 E. Elm St.
306 W. Elm St.
205 N. Front St.
251 N. Thirteenth St.
Carriage Houses
behind 720 S. Santa Fe Ave.
behind 820 Highland Ave.
behind 122 S. Ninth St.
behind 645 S. Santa Fe Ave.
unknown
unknown
1860
unknown
Interior Art or Embellished Materials
220/222 N. Santa Fe Ave.
816 Highland Ave.
660 S.
683 S.
214 S.
123 N.
336 S.
Santa Fe Ave.
Santa Fe Ave
Co 1 umbi a St.
Santa Fe Ave.
Santa Fe Ave.
Lamer's - neighborhood grocery store
Cozy Inn - hamburger stand
Gebhart's Hardware
Former grocery store - only corners
of top front visible now.
Former neighborhood store?
Garlitz Carpenter Shop
Complete but facade covered with boards
and battens.
Tin ceiling & original stencilling
Original wall stencilling & tinted
plaster under wall covering
Nursery Rhyme fresco in upstairs bedroom
Stained glass and high Queen Anne interior.
Ti n ceil i ng
Shelton's Jewelry - original cases & safes
Masonic Temple - complete interior
58
1
Soft-sand Brick or "Mud Brickll Structures (probably native)
,
440 S. Ninth St.
218 S. Third St.
636 E. I ron Ave.
sidewalk in front of
440 S. Ninth St.
Wooden, Gothic Churches
715 Spruce St.
12th & Walnut
(NW corner)
Transportation History
Iron Bridge at Lakewood
Park
802 N. Santa Fe Ave.
349 N. Ninth St.
900 N.
336 N.
213 N.
Santa Fe Ave.
Ninth St.
Fifth St.
Brick Streets
c. 1875
c. 1879
1875
unknown
1887
c. 1920
c. 1920
c. 1890
c. 1920
residence
residence
IISchwartz" or "Skelley House"
Oral history sources say this structurrt
was once a church moved from NE
German Lutheran Church ($2,600 by
George H. Reed, builder)
Service Station
Service Station
Service Station
Livery stable or
Automobile sales
blacksmith shop?
and repair
See extensive listing of brick streets in the "Brick Works" file.
The most historical and significant brick street in Salina is the following:
100 block of South Tenth St. 1905 Coffeyville brick and chiselled
limestone curbs.
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SURVEY PRODUCTS:
RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Purpose of System
The system is an organized way of housing the accumulated information
regarding individual resources, retrieving it, and properly refiling it.
Such a system is designed to assist groups and individuals such as the
Salina Heritage Commission when considering resources for local landmark
status, historians, reporters, genealogists, property owners, etc. The
system, including all of its components, is for public use and should not
be restricted in any way, other than maintenance and administration. The
system is designed to be easily accessed, perpetually maintained, and
dynamic -- updated, expanded, changed -- as resource information surfaces.
Potential users should all be made aware that such a system exists ready
to accept and house any relevant resource data they may stumble across or
dig out of the archives or private documents. Following is a list of
system components:
1.
Streetscape File Folders - product of the 1982 Historic Resources Study.
a. Streetscape photographs (Visual description.)
b. Streetscape diagrams
c. Inventory Numbers
Reconnaissance Forms Written description of streetscaped area.
Significant Resources File Folders Inventory forms & evaluations.
Significant Resources List Index to above files with brief descriptions.
General Salina History File Specific references to Salina history.
Research Reference File strictly reference material only.
Unidentified Resources File In need of further research.
Specific Subjects Files: Smoky Hill River, Charles Shaver, Downtown, etc.
Oral History or Historic Information Source File card file box with
names and interests of local residents as sources.
Field Guide Notebook to Salina Architectural Styles - compiled from
many classic sources.
Books on historic preservation.
Administration files for formal studies and surveys in Salina.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Since the system is dynamic in nature and must survive after this survey
FY83/84 is completed, the above system should be housed in a place surrounded
by continued research. It cannot stay in a place if its only function is to
60
be used -- in addition to being used, it must be added to. The ideal
place to house the system eventually would be in the Archives section of
the proposed Historical Museum, presuming that a staff would be in charge
of the systems maintenance. The City Library is an alternative, if the
material could be made accessible to the public with the perfect blend of
supervision that wouldn't restrict usage but would protect the reliability
of the system. The Salina Heritage Commission should always have first
priority for file usage, then the Planning Department.
Significant Resource File Folder Content:
1.
Architectural Reconnaissance sheet if in formerly-streetscaped area
(Preliminary Survey form).
Architectural Inventory form (pink) with photographs.
SELGEM Worksheet (yellow).
Archival Information: old newspaper articles, book excerpts, etc.;
with proper citation.
Reprints of old photographs.
Oral History Interview notes with name of interviewer, date, etc.
Previous Survey project summaries..
Correspondence - past or present.
Architectural Evaluation form (blue).
Architectural style information, if appropriate and if time allows.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The first two items that will go out of date are the zoning and current
ownership categories on the forms. Be sure to double check this information
before using it for official use. When using the file folders for official
landmark considerations, staple a "Processing Checklist" on the outside of
the file jacket and use it to determine at what stage in the landmarking
process the subject resource has achieved.
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REMAINING SURVEY WORK
TO BE COMPLETED IN BUDGET PERIOD FY84
Also refer to "Significant Resources of Salina, Kansasll list for specific
account of where to begin with Items 1 and 2 below.
1.
Complete the inventory forms and photographing process on approximately
one third of the remaining resources as indicated on the resource list.
Complete the Evaluation forms on resources so indicated on the
resource 1 i st.
2.
3.
4.
Research and record original ownership onto all inventory forms.
Continue to research historical significance of original owner or
subsequent owners via genealogic or biographic sources.
5.
Continue the comprehensive effort to more accurately identify downtown
commercial resources, construction dates, facade dates, and history by
researching building permits, photographs, maps, and archives for a
two-block area consisting of the 100 blocks of North and South Santa Fe
Ave.
6.
Record on the Inventory form at bottom of first page the current zoning
with a date notation of all evaluated resources (i.e., R-3 as of 7/84).
7.
If time allows, identify as many as possible of those Charles Shaver-designed
structures that remain in Salina.
8.
Explore any local legends or leads(see IISalina Architectural Legends II
list in this section).
9.
Contact all significant churches for more detailed histories of their
significant resources, if appropriate.
If time permits, conduct interior site inspections for those significant
resources that are open to the public. Accept invitations for interior
site inspections of private residences.
10.
11.
If time and funds permit, shoot, compile, and write script for a 35mm
slide show highlighting unusual, misunderstood and representative resources
for educational purposes.
The above items are roughly prioritized.
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CHAPTER
3
HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT:
A N
A RC HIT E C T U R A L / S 0 C I A L
VIEW
POINT
0 F
. HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF MAJOR SALINA EVENTS
. 1858 to 1866 - Inception to Early Settlement
. 1867 to 1890 - Railroad Development, Immigrants, and
Agriculture
1891 to 1930 - Commerce, Industrialization and Stability
. 1931 to present - Conclusion
. HISTORICAL FOOTNOTES
UNDERSCORED ADDRESSES represent resources that
are cUITentZy listed on "Significant
Resources of Salina3 Kansas"
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I YEAR I
1854
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1865
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1875
1881
1882
1884
1885
1887
HISTORICAL OUTLINE
OF MAJOR SALINA EVENTS
(In Context - Inception to 1930)
I State Event [
'Kansas Territory open;
Kansas-Nebr. Act
I Sal ina Event I
'Military road - Ft. Riley
west to Saline County.
'Last Indian battle in
county at Indian Rock
and peaceful coloniz-
ing ensued.
'Phillips et ale settled
on townsite.
.First shelter & house.
.Phillips Road laid out.
Salina Town Co. chartered.
Toll ferry across Saline.
.Garlitz Carpenter Shop built
.Phillips organizes an 'Jan.
Indian regiment for to
Civil War service.
.Post Office established
in Campbell IS store.
'Population: over 100.
'Salina attacked by
guerrillas.
'Pro-slavery Constitution
rejected in Kansas.
- Kansas admtd.
Statehood.
65
I National Event I
'John Brown raids Harpers
Ferry.
.Apr. - Civil War begins.
'Quantrill's raid-Lawrence
'Lincoln fatally shot.
.Railroad came to Salina.
'lst issue Salina Herald.
'Salina city of 3rd Class.
.lst house built with any
architectural features.
.lst alfalfa in Kansas
planted (KWU campus).
.lst carload of wheat shipped
from Salina to New York.
.Population: 800.
'Christmas Day Fire destroyed
12 business buildings.
.Fire destroys 13 buildings.
.lst County Fair at Oakdale Pk.
.lst Nat'l Bank established.
'lst telephone in city.
. Normal University established.
.Big real estate boom starts.
'Building boom at height.
'St. John's Military.
.3 train pepots built.
.lst U.S. transcontinental
rail route completed.
.Great Chicago Fire
.Garfield fatally shot.
'Queen Victoria's Golden
Jubilee in England.
66
I I
I YEAR I
1888
1889
1890
1903
1909
1910
1913
1917
1919
1921
1922
1925
1927
1929
1930
I Sa 1 i na Event I
.H. D. Lee Arrived to set
up his ventures.
.Boom in Salina collapses-
heavy losses to many.
Building slowdown.
'Population: 6,503.
'Disastrous flood.
'Salina Country Club organized.
.Building boom in progress.
."Old Saline County Courthouse"
built.
'Street paving well underway.
'City adopts commission-
manager form of gov1t.
'Memorial Hall constructed.
.Marymount College established.
. Commerci al building boom.
'Country Club Heights
Development.
.Building all but ceased
for several years.
'Population: 20,155.
I State Event I
I National Event l
.Kodak's box camera created.
'Oklahoma opened for
settlement.
.Sitting Bull killed.
'Wright Bros. fly plane.
.St. Louis World IS Fair.
.Peary reached North Pole,
'Suffragettes demonstrate
in London.
'US enters World War I.
'World War I ends.
.Scopes Trial - Evolution
taught in schools.
.Lindbergh flight NY-Paris.
.lst talkie-Jazz Singer
'German economy collapse.
'Stock market collapse &
beginning of Depression.
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1858 to 1866 -
INCEPTION TO EARLY SETTLEMENT
The town of Salina, Kansas was organized under the Town and Village Act
of April 22,1858. In March 1859, the same year Saline County was organized,
the territorial legislature of Kansas chartered the Salina Town Company. The
five founding members of the Town Company were William A. Phillips, President;
Alexander C. Spilman, Secretary; Alexander M. Campbell; James Muir; and,
David Phillips. At that time, Salina was designated as the County Seat of
Saline County. Preceding the formation of the Town Company, William Addison
Phillips, a Scotsman, secured from the United States government a grant for a
section of land that he could select in the central part of Kansas. Phillips,
a lawyer and journalist for Horace Greeleyls abolitionist newspaper~ the
New York Tribune, was on assignment in the heart of "Bleeding Kansas," Lawrence~
when he recognized the opportunity before him to realize his dream. As an
ardent abolitionist, he hoped to build a town on a sure foundation and dedicate
it to the cause of freedom from slavery.l The town site he chose was the most
Western border town on the Smoky Hill route to the Far West. It is located on
a dog-leg bend of the Smoky Hill River about five miles from the confluence of
the Saline and Smoky Hill rivers. After locating the site, the first survey
commenced.
Survey of Original Townsite
The town site was plotted out on the banks of the Smoky Hill River, mark-
ing a quadrangle of 320 acres claimed by the company. This area was first survey-
ed and laid off into streets, lots, squares, and pu~lic grounds, comprised of 600
rectangular lots generally measuring 50 x 120 feet. None of the Original Town-
site streets have been renamed., It included the following streets:
Original Town
North/South Streets
Front St.
Second St.
Third St.
Fourth St.
Fifth St.
Santa Fe Ave.
Seventh St.
Eighth St.
Ninth St.
East/West Streets
North St.
Pine St.
Elm St.
Ash St.
Iron Ave.
Wa 1 nut St.
Mulberry St.
South St.
Refer to the "S~rvey Boundaries" map.
Unlike northeastern Kansas~ the Saline River basin topography was mostly
rolling grassland prßirie with narrow timber belts only along the margins of
streams. Consequently~ the streets in Salina could be laid out in straight
lines on obstacle-free~ flat land. However, there were two unusual features
about the layout design when compared with other frontier settlements in the
regi on. Fi rstly, the town was not pl anned around a "town square, II pub 1 i c-
use area. Secondly, the intersection point of the two main streets, Iron Ave.
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and Santa Fe Ave., was not plotted to be at the center of the town
boundaries.
Instead of the usual centrally-located town square, four square blocks
were identified as public-use grounds. They are described as follows (names
did not necessary indicate usage):
Church Park From 7th St. to 8th St. and Pine St. to
Elm St. (Now Gower and Van Fleet Subdivision)
From 2nd St. to 3rd St. and Pine St. to
Elm St. (Now Carver Center and Swimming Pool)
From 7th St. to 8th St. and Walnut St. to
Mulberry St. (Now Roosevelt-Lincoln Jr. High School)
From 2nd St. to 3rd St. and Walnut St. to
Mulberry St.
.
County Park
School Park
South Park
A public-use area, known as Courthouse Park in Bishop Addition, was provided
later in 1870 upon which the first county courthouse was built between Ninth St.
and Tenth St. and Park St. and "Elm St. (located on the lot where Leisure Years
offices reside in the old Saline County Courthouse, built in 1912).3
The two main streets, Santa Fe Ave. and Iron Ave., were probably chosen
out of function rather than by design. This would explain their asymetrica1
intersection point as it appears on the town grid. This point is still considered
to be the center of the city, since the commercial district began developing
around this point and the address numbering system ascends in four directions from
it, as illustrated below:
", § I ~ // /
, ,-
100 ' /101
I RON .L-- . ~ I RON
101 // ~OO
///~ ~ §"'"'
STREET NUMBERING
SYSTEM
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c:(
I-
Z
c:(
[/)
Santa Fe Avenue was so named because it was a main approach or branch
road leading to the Santa Fe Trail, located just 40 miles south of Salina.4
Early travelers could intersect the main Santa Fe Trail, in what is now
McPherson County, by heading southwardly on the branch that became Santa Fe Ave.
--"-"----'---"-""'" .-...----.... ...,.,.....----
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Iron Avenue originated at the first river crossing that became the site of
A. M. Campbell's free ferry. The main streets were further distinguished from
the 80 feet-wide residential streets by having 100 feet of right-of-way. This
distinction remains unaltered, but in modern times wide main streets are no
longer considered an attribute. The Original Town survey was completed in 1860.
Every step of Salina's founding was planned and executed with detailed
precision. Mr. Phillips seemed to have the necessary administrative abilities,
experience and contacts to orchestrate such an undertaking. Phillips was so
well respected by the fathers of one developing frontier town, Phillipsburg, that
they named their own town in his honor. Furthermore, unlike many pro-slavery
"paper townsll that never materialized, Salina's founders remained as long-term
residents who contributed directly their muscle, sweat and money. Such efforts
were further insurance of Salina's success and continued development according to
Phillips' original philosophy. And the task was undertaken with a fervor and
dedication characteristic of a true abolitionist.
Early Construction
Early domestic building was concentrated between the Smoky Hill River and
Santa Fe Ave, close to Iron Ave. The first shelter was a crude dugout built
by Campbell and Muir in 1858 in the west bank of the river, north of the
present-day Elm Street bridge. Salina's first house was built of logs the
same year near the southwest corner of Iron Ave. and Fifth St. There are no
remains of either structure. A store was quickly established and Salina soon
became a trading point for Indians, whom they furnished provisions, ammunition,
and a poor grade of whiskey. The store also served as a springboard for gold-
hunters rushing westward to Pike's Peak, as they followed the Old Phillips Road
from Lawrence to Salina (approximate route of Highway 40).5 By 1859 an ethnic-
cultural mixture was already becoming apparent, as settlers from what historians
call the "Old Immigration" chose Salina. That year, Preacher Dewein, a German
minister, delivered the town's first sermon in the German language.6
An attempt to promote success was made in 1860 in an effort to attract
more settlers to Salina. Incentives were devised. A choice of lots was
offered on which to build, provided that the purchaser would erect a frame
house, at least 14' x 16' and cover the exterior walls with siding and the roof
with shingles. Once the house was completed, the owner would be given five
additional lots.
In the same year, the Town Company formally stipulated that no log cabins
could be built in town. Instead, the Company required frame construction with
the proper board siding for all new construction. Soon after the completion of
the new frame structures, paint was applied to the exterior walls as another
final step to improvement -- an illustration of Salina's "civilized" environment,
The first paint to be spread on the town site was applied to Phillips and Campbell
houses during the first official IIClean Up and Paint Up Weekll
held August 18-24, 1860.7
At the end of 1860, there were about 100 inhabitants in all of Saline
County. Salina was beginning to take shape as the nucleus of the future city
70
of the Plains. Thousands of settlers and fortune hunters passed through
while some others chose to permanently settle.
Fortunately, there exists today one building, presently located at
205 N. Front St., from this early frontier settlement period. Salina1s first
carpenter, Simeon Garlitz (Garlet), raised the first carpenter shop in March
1860, with the help of Luke Parsons. One local historian describes the
building materials' in detail:
The wood was cut from trees along the Smoky Hill
River. Hewn where they fell, the timbers were hauled
by oxen to the corner of Santa Fe Avenue and Ash Street
[Iron Avenue]. Siding for the shop was three-foot clap
boards split with a frow out of oak and walnut logs.
Shingles were cut from the same logs, and frames from
the doors and windows were made from inch pine lumber,
hauled from Leavenworth.8
The false front, wooden vernacular architecture of this building is a
splendid example of frontier construction and reflects the hardships of
"civilizing" the territories through its unadorned character. This building
bears witness to a time when erecting even a small, functional structure
required Herculean efforts, skill and a bankroll.
205 N. Front St.
Garlitz Carpenter Shop
1860
Garlitz reportedly made furniture for the first school in Salina in
this shop. A teacher1s podium that he made by hand for Salina's second school
is on display at the Smoky Hill Historical Museum in Oakdale Park. In 1899 the
building was moved to North Fifth St. (or North Fourth St.). Approximately 15
years later, it was moved to its present location where it has remained for
about 70 years. At the turn of the century, Andrew Ericson and his sons
operated Anderson Brothers Broom Factory. The building is currently being used
for storage. Unfortunately, few Salinans recognize this structure1s potential
and value as the most important remnant of their community's frontier heritage.
Its deteriorated condition and loss of original materials has contributed to
its neglect. The continued existence of this building is threatened from
neglect and inappropriate zoning.
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The Civil War and Pause in Development
On the eve of the outbreak of the Civil War, January 1861, Kansas was
admitted to statehood. The population of Saline County was then about 125, an
increase of 25 over the previous year. H. A. Phillips, ", . . at great personal
sacrifice and pecuniary loss, in order to supply a pressing need. . ." erected
a grist mill and saw mill.9 The saw mill reduced the cost of lumber that had
been formerly shipped in by ox-drawn wagons from Leavenworth or Kansas City.
Also that year, the first post office was established by Alexander M. Campbell,
one of the founding fathers, near the southwest corner of Fifth St. and Iron Ave.
But, alas, only three months into statehood, Ft. Sumter fell and the Civil
War commenced in April 1861. Salina was immediately affected. All immigration
was checked. Population dropped since nearly every able-bodied man enlisted in.
the Union Army. Among those who entered the forces were two founding fathers,
W. A. Phillips, who gained distinction as commander of the Indian Brigade,
achieving the rank of colonel, and A. C. Spilman who entered as a private to
achieve status as a first lieutenant. During the war years, this frontier
settlement was left virtually defenseless against feared Indian attacks and
maurauders. On September 16, 1862, fifteen armed guerillas rode into town and
took fourteen horses and mules, plus guns and ammunition looted from Charles
Tressin1s shop. In May, 1864 the settlement was threatened by an Indian attack
which never materialized. Consequently, in 1864, the 12 remaining families.
hastily built a stockade on the northeast corner of Seventh St. and Iron Ave.
Meanwhile, Quantrill's famous raid on Lawrence, Kansas in August, 1863 focused
nation-wide attention on Kansas once more. Salina became a military post for a
year, ending in November 1865. There was, of course, little or no progress in
settlement or improvement during these war years.10
Prior to the coming of the railroad, Salina's built environment was
described by one bitter businessman as consisting of about one dozen log huts,
low, small, rude affairs four-fifths of which were covered with dirt for
roofing.1l In contrast, the first photograph of Salina taken in 1867 shows a
more civilized settlement than that. A more optimistic description from an
official document stated that the town consisted of 25 structures, reportedly
one of log, one of brick, and the remainder of frame construction. At least
12 of these were domestic houses occupied by about 20 families.12
Unlike Eastern Kansas towns, stone was not a readily available building
resource so few stone structures were built and none remain. There are records
of stone houses that were built from stones dug from a quarry east of town.13
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(By Decade)
Construction Date
(Orig/Newer Add.)
1860s 1860
1861
1863?
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SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES BUILT BETWEEN
1858 to 1867
Inception to Early Settlement
Address
Common or "Historical Name II
205 N. Front St.
Founder's Park
1910 E. Crawford St.
"Garlitz Carpenter Shop"
Millstone from 1st mill
residence (needs further research)
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1867 to 1890 -
RAILROAD DEVELOPMENT, IMMIGRANTS, AND AGRICULTURE
During this period, Salina enjoyed the post Civil War economic boom and
Salina was transformed from a pioneer, "dirt-roofll town to an official City of
the Second Class by 1878. Salina boomed. It grew from a population of 800
inhabitants in 187014 to 6,503 in 1890,15 an increase of 800 percent. Salina
became an integral part of the Westward Expansion. One event, the advancement
of the railroads into Salina, is directly responsible. Development followed
quickly once livestock, farm crops and supplies could be transported by rail.
Railroad Development
It was in 1867 when the Kansas Pacific Railroad inched its way into
Salina, like a vital artery flooding life into the town almost immediately.
The Federal government granted the Eastern Division of the Pacific railroad
permission to build a line known as the Kansas Pacific to Denver. Concurrently,
to further enhance settlement and passenger travel, Congress made available
for homesteading nearly four million acres of free public land in Kansas along
railroad right-of-ways. In the late 1870s and '80s, small branch railroad
companies sprang up in Salina, eventually merging into main trunk lines connect-
ing into a national railway system.
In just one year, 1887, Salina built three depots: the Missouri Pacific
Depot, still standing at 352 N. Santa Fe Ave., built at a cost of $8,000;
the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Depot built f9r $4,000; and, the Chicago
Rock Island and Pacific Depot built for $3,000. 6
Character of Early Life in Salina
Life in the early part of this period was unpredictable and difficult.
Newspaper accounts conjure images of a struggling, rough frontier town. Mother
Bickerdyke, famed Civil War nurse and humanitarian, built a hotel in Salina
right after the Rebellion ended. Buffalo meat and prairie chicken were on the
bill of fare to please such guests as Generals Phil Sherman, U. S. Grant, and
W. T. Sherman. 17 For two years, between 1872 and 1874, Salina was a cattle
tradi9~ point that attracted ". . . men and women of disreputable. . . charac-
ter.1I Pioneers endured devastation, hardship and hunger rT9ulting from the
grasshopper invasion of 1874, among other natural disasters.. Another report
relates a story about two fugitives "hold out" in Salina. It seems that the
Antler Saloon-owner, Henry McDaniels, hid Jesse and Frank James in the garret
room (observation roo~~ for three days following the Northfield, Minnesota
bank robbery in 1876. As the railroad progressed through Kansas, work crews
made a swath along its path. It's been said that "Buffalo Bill II Cody rode
into Salina in 1866 for provisions during his employment as a procurer of
buffalo meat for those railroad crews.21
76
City Anticipates Expansion
With the coming of the railroad, preparations were made to accommodate
expected expansion. Additions were made to the original plat of the city in
186d6 ahnd 1867 Aasdd!0~lOWS2: BPhill817i9PS ~dditllionh' Jones Addlition, Calkin2s3 Addition,
an t e Depot 1t10n.2 y , 1n a t ere were 4 additions. The
land area of the city increased dramatically during this period~ increasing
from 305 acres in the Original Townsite to 2,338 acres by 1890.,4 It encom-
passed more than 50 subdivisions and divisions. Such rapid growth has not
been matched in Salina's history -- only 610 more acres were added to the
city by 1930.
Immigrant Settlement
Most railroads advertised homestead land along their right-of-way in
foreign countries, as well as in the United States. Scandinavian, European, and
Irish Catholic immigrants, what historians call the 1I0ld Immigration," flooded"
our country to the tune of almost 3,000,000 from 1871 to 1880.25 Because of
their religious ideals, Kansas was especially attractive to these immigrants
since it had agricultural potential and an abolitionist background. By 1884,
at least thirty percent of the population were Scandanavians, mostly con-
centrated south of Salina. About ten percent were Germans and Irish Catholics.
Another nine percent were Scotst English, and French, with about one percent
blacks. Thus, fifty percent of the county's population in 1884 came from
other countries or races.26
To accommodate this ethnic influx, the newly-established U. S. Land
Office spoke German, French, and Swedish languages. The Svenska HaroZden,
a Swedish newspaper, kept the new arrivals informed. Predictably, the built
environment began to reflect a growing ethnicity, particularly via the town's
churches, as religions and native cultures were inseparable during this era.
Six 1885 churches were ethnic in nature -- five honored their native language
and customs for some time. One such church, the German Lutheran Church, was
built in 1887 at a cost of $2,600. It still stands in its original location
on the northwest corner of 12th and Walnut Streets, albeit a substantial loss
of architectural integrity is apparent. The group disbanded in 1912.27 .
Another remnant of Salina's ethnic culture exists at 104 S. Santa Fe Ave.
A Swedish business identified itself as North Star Svensk Apotek (Swedish
Apothecary) in 1886. Even though the sign is gone now, the building served
a specialized need in Salina. The other half of the former business block
(106 N. Santa Fe Ave.) wears a metal cover today, under which a matching facade
may be hiding.
Agriculture and the Milling Industry
A natural result of the immigrant boom in the area was the agricultural
development of the fertile prairie surrounding Salina. It was these early
immigrants who brought with them hard red winter wheat that made the area
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a main wheat supplier for the world. During the l870s, the great wheat
yields began to flow into the town. By 1879, a $75,000 steam-powered flour
mill was constructed to handle the harvests. Salina flour mills were operating
around the clock by 1880, consuming 2,000 bushels of wheat daily.28 Five
elevator companies served Salina and the surrounding region by 1885.
Street Grid
The street pattern remained bound to a north/south-east/west grid, but with
certain peculiarities, contrary to the typical western American practice. All
four ends of the two main streets were blocked to through traffic by changes in
the grid. Thus, the main cross-country highways had to jog their way through
the city. This anomaly remains today. The most amazing feature of this street
arrangement was that an institution of higher education was located at each tip
of the two intersecting main streets of Iron and Santa Fe Avenues. St. John1s
Military Academy, built in 1888, sat at the north end of Santa Fe; Kansas
Wesleyan University, 1886, sat at the south end of Santa Fe; Kansas Normal College,
1884, was located at the west end of Iron; and, Mt. Barbara Academy, 1898, was
located at the east end of Iron. Kansas Normal College and Mt. Barbara Academy
no longer exist, but KWU and St. John's still occupy their prominent locations.
Later, Marymount College, built in 1921, took the place of the East Iron location,
close by the former location of Mt. Barbara.
Address-Numbering System
Salina's address-numbering system was adopted in 1885, with a minor
revision in 1888. An effort was made in 1926 to accurately map and renumber any
misnumbered buildings. Prior to 1885, there was no officially adopted system,
although it appears that the Original Town lot numbers were used as addresses,
evidenced on such documents as Voter's Registrations. The system assigns a
number for each 25 feet, fanning out from the intersecting point of Iron and
Santa Fe Avenues. The even numbers are always on the right side of the street
when you are going away from the intersection. The City Engineer is in charge
of assigning numbers for any new construction and new curved and angled streets
that don't fit the normal pattern of numbering.
Public Utilities and Transportation
Public utilities were developed during this era of Salina's development.
The Western Union was granted right-of-way for the first telegraph lines in 1875.
The first telephone system was installed in 1879 and by 1885 there were 40 tele-
phones in operation. The water system was in operation by 1883, with over 43
hydrants, four miles of pipe, and a capacity of 3,000 gallons of water in 24
hours. The first sewer system was extended in 1883. A gas works and gas street
lighting was authorized in 1881. The Salina Electric Light and Power Company
first operated in February 1888. The Salina Street Railway Company provided
the first public transportation system via horse-drawn streetcars that ran on
rails in the center of the street. This lasted from 1887 to 1892.
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Brick Manufacturing and Usage
Brick as Fire Prevention - The Christmas Day fire of 1871 that almost
destroyed Salina's business district stimulated demand for fire prevention
measures. The fire burned 20 buildings at a loss of $25,000 and severely
injured one person.29 Likewise, the "Great Chicago Firell on October 8 of
the same year killed 250 people and caused $196 million damage.30 A terrified
nation embarked upon a concentrated effort to prevent similar disasters
on a hometown scale. Several evasive measures were taken to better protect
Salinansl commercial interests against another fire disaster.
The city took official action by instituting the first fire protection
ordinance that required the installation of brick chimneys in all structures
within the city limits, prohibiting usage of simple metal stove pipes that
were commonly used.31 Also, in 1873, a steam-powered fire engine was acquired
by the city and a formal fire company, with a paid staff, was established in
1874. These efforts did not prevent another devestating fire which occurred in
1875. This second fire prompted the City Council to prescribe a fire limit or
zone~ within which wooden structures were prohibited. More durable and fire-
proof materials, brick or stone~ were required as well as fireproof roofs.32
The central business district surrounding Santa Fe and Iron Avenues were
affected by the zone. Boundaries have changed several times in subsequent
years. By 1883, the city water works provided 43 hydrants in strategic locations
for usage by the hook and ladder company, consisting of 24 members and two hose
companies with 40 members total.33
Brick Buildings - The alledged first brick structure was a bank con-
structed in 1870 for J. P. Geis, still located at 111 N. Santa Fe Ave. The
bricks were imported from Kansas City. It was the brick walls of this building,
the Geis Bank, that served to.stop the Christmas Day fire of 1871.34 Although
the building was extensively rebuilt when it housed the Planter's State Bank
in 1940, evidence indicates that at least portions of one of these original
1871 brick walls exists within the construction of what is now called Genny's
Country Cupboard.35 The remnants of the old "Geis Bank" qualify as the oldest
known brick remaining in Salina.
Evidence exists that indicates that a brick domestic structure may have
existed as early as 1863.36 Another structure was reported in 1914 to be the
"first brick building" in Salina, but was actually built after the Geis Bank.
It was constructed with Salina-made brick, dating the building after 1872.
Possibly this building could be called the first native-brick building (razed 1909),
It was a milestone in Salina's achievements in 1884 when A. M. Campbell
began construction of his major brick commercial block at the southwest corner
of Iron and Santa Fe Avenues. This building survives today in its modernized,
unrecognizeable form.
Brick Manufacturing - There existed suitable clays for making bricks in
Saline County, so the demand for bricks arising from new fire protection
ordinances was satisfied locally. The first local brick manufacturing facility
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began in 1872 by Henry Altman located four miles south of Salina. J. J.
Eisenhauer reportedly produced over 700,000 bricks in 1873 at his brick yard
located at the east end of Johnstown Avenue. Pressed brick was their new product.
These early local brick products, fired in the first low-fired kilns,
were called "mud bricksll according to a 1914 newspaper interview with William
Keeler, a Salina mason who actually laid the bricks for the first brick house
in Salina.37 The name infers that the texture resembles that of dried mud --
a porous, crumbly product. Hard-fired brick technology or vitrified bricks
had not yet developed. There are three known surviving examples of what is
suspected to be this early Salina brick or soft-sand brick. One is located
at 440 S. Ninth St. with a similar brick sidewalk. Another brick house
at 218 S. Third St. was built in the Italianate style about 1879 and was the
residence of Peter Mugler, owner of the Salina Brewery that was located close
to the river on the adjacent property. The National Register property at
636 E. Iron Ave. is also made of sand brick, although it is painted over.
The distinct pinkish-yellowish color, indicative of the native soil color, is
immediately detectible, along with a rough, crude appearance to the individual
bricks.
Brick Sidewalks and Streets Brick streets and sidewalks exemplify the
fact that a valuable investment in energy and resources occurred during this
era. The same year the first brick yard began production, the city adopted a
code requiring sidewalks or boardwalks in the central business district. Board-
walks remained in use as late as the 1890s, even though an 1875 ordinance
required that all new sidewalks had to be covered with brick or stone.38 Public
streetpaving commenced during this growth period. Early paving requirements were
minimal. Paving and curbing had to be done with brick extending six feet from
the curb line toward the center of the street on each side. Presumably, the
pavement did not interfere with streetcar tracks that occupied the center portion
of some streets between 1887 and 1892. The limited paving helped solve drainage
problems, but did little to assure clean street crossing for pedestrians. The
first fully paved street was not laid until 1905. (A list of remaining brick
streets can be found in the file labeled "Brick Works.")
Park System
The city's acquisition of Oakdale Park on the banks of the Smoky Hill
River was the beginning of Salina's park system. The park was initially a
private financial venture of a few "public spirited citizens" who developed the
Oakdale Addition in 1876 as a horse racing track. The city purchased the park
in 1881 for $5,500. Of the original improvements, only the 1884 fountain
(partially rebuilt) and the west side foot bridge at Fourth and South Streets
remain. Oakdale featured a half-mile race track, a grandstand, and a third-
mile bicycle racing track. Oakdale Park was a primary source of recreation.
Boating was enjoyed on the river below the South Street footbridge until as
recently as 1967. The length of the river was marked for at least three miles
and boat races and steam-powered excursion rides were common features.
80
Building Patterns
In the early 1880s national real estate values were making a healthy
appreciation as industrialization and urbanization trends continued. Commer-
cial, residential, industrial, civic, religious, educational, and organizational
buildings materialized at a rapid pace. This city-building era, 1867 to 1890,
is within the range of time historians refer to as the Victorian Era. Called
the "gilded age," and praised as the IIgolden age,1I the Victorian Age was a time
of enormous energy. Extraordinary national efforts were required to keep pace
with the housing and commercial needs of an exploding population. Salina took
its place in the Westward Expansion movement to alleviate overcrowding in the
eastern industrial cities. The newest technology could be easily transported
into Salina by rail -- items such as pressed bricks, plate glass, cast iron.
The general morphology of structures built in the Victorian Period are
compact and symetrical when compared to later Victorian or Post-Victorian
constructions. A range of styles was common for Salina, but usually retained
for the residential buildings. Any elaboration was generally simplified in
nature, reflecting the utilitarian, conservative character of the town. There
were, however, major exceptions. Highly stylized buildings did exist: Vail
Hall at St. John's Military Academy; Normal University Building; the Govern-
ment Building; Knights of Phythias Castle Hall, W. W. Watson home; Seitz
home, to mention a few.
By 1887 Salina newspapers boasted of a feverish building boom. In that
year it was reported that as much as ". . . three-fourths of a million dollars
has been invested in buildings in Salina in six months' time."39 Reminding
us of a history of a razed building, a SaUna Journal. reporter wrote, IIThere
was a good deal of Pennsylvania money here in these days."40
Commercial Construction - The central business district expanded rapidly
along Santa Fe Avenue along a 4-block area between Ash and Mulberry Streets,
and parallel streets. Most structures consisted of wooden frames and false
fronts, an upward-extending, mock front designed to make the building appear
taller (a style adapted from the Dutch tradition for use on the new frontier
in America). The first brick commercial building was constructed in 1870 by
J. P. Geis, the first banker of Salina, at 111 N. Santa Fe Ave. None of these
central business district wooden buildings from this period remain, greatly
due to the Christmas Day fire of 1871. The 1860 false front called the
Garlitz Carpenter Shop is the only remnant of this early commercial building
mode.
After the fire ordinance of 1875, all new construction consisted of
masonry materials. During the transition, there existed a mixture of wooden
and bri ck structures for several years. A report in 1876 informed, "01 d
Salina is giving way to 'New Salina' as the old row of [wooden] buildings on
the west side of Santa Fe below Ash [100 block of North Santa Fe, odd numbers]
is being torn down."41 These commercial buildings are generally vernacular
constructions with loosely adapted stylistic details. Building materials
consisted of brick, cast iron for first stories and metal cornices, light
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stone, and plate glass.
Salina followed a general retail "storefrontll building trend in the
1870s by distinguishing retail storefronts from other commercial edifices by
the inclusion of large display windows on the ground floor, made possible by
the technological development of cast iron fronts. The framing cast iron
provided was durable enough to safely support large sheets of plate glass.
By 1887 much effort was being thrust into creating a wholesale trade center,
promoting the cityls central 10cation.42 That major goal and philosophy
continued to be a priority well into the next period of development.
Residents really knew Salina had progressed in 1888 when the National
Hotel was built at a cost of $100,000. Simultaneously, many other business
ventures created buildings from elaborately ornate to utilitarian.
Residential Construction Economic recovery from the Civil War
and population growth stimulated the demand for housing resulting in a
residential building boom in the 1870s and '80s of great proportions. Just
prior to that, the çonstruction of a single, simple construction was news-
worthy. It was reported that in 1868 Hon. B. J. F. Hanna built the first
residence that had any architectural (stylized) features.
But with the boom days came prosperity for many of its entrepreneurs
and the accompanying desire to display it. Early elite houses were said to
have been concentrated on West Ash St.43 But for some reason, it became
fashionable to build elaborate domiciles on South Santa Fe Ave., commencing
from the 400 block and continuing into the 700 block by 1888.44 It seems
there were even restrictions placed on property owners that they had to build
houses that cost no less than $2,000.45 The lots were much larger than the
usual residential space.
Other residential constructions were spread throughout the grid, con-
tinuing on S. Eighth St., Highland Ave., E. Iron St., and S. Tenth St.,
among other places. Common Salina styles of the mid-Victorian Period consisted
of Italianate, Eastern Stick, Carpenter Gothic, and early Queen Anne. The
styles more frequently associated with mansions, such as Romanesque, Gothic
Revival, Second Empire, Eastlake details, and early revivals were rare. Most
residences were of wooden framed construction with simplified styling. Wood
was inexpensive and could shipped by rail network from Michigan, Wisconsi~,
and Minnesota where massive timber resources were logged to supply a nation
of growth.
A wide range of housing costs offered a choice never before possible.
An 1887 Salina dwelling cost from $500 for the simplest cottage to $10,000
for the most elaborate. Most South Santa Fe Ave. houses cost between
$2,000 and $5,500. An average house would have cost about $2,000 then.46
The first evidence of speculative construction to meet the needs of the work-
ing class, surfaced about 1885. A newspaper account reads:
Dr. Switzer has quite a little village of his
own on Eleventh Street. Two of his dwelling houses
have been occupied since last fall, he is now complet-
ing three new ones, and thinks of adding two more to
the list - making seven in all.47
82
None of the Switzer houses are positively known to exist today. More research
is needed to pinpoint these buildings. A "shanty town" was already beginning
to develop just north and adjacent to the railroad tracks.
Conclusion
Other types of construction continued briskly to meet the demands of
expansion. Public utilities, schools, transportation, manufacturing, retail/
wholesale commerce, services, etc. -- everything needed to build a city. The
groundwork had been laid by 1890 to accommodate trade, all levels of education,
myriad religious denominations, and socio-economic levels. This base
served as a solid foundation for the slower, more stable phase of Salina's
history to follow.
ARTIFACT EXAMPLES
218 S. Third St.
Italianate, c. 1879
This house was originally the residence of Peter and Mary Mugler, owners
of the Salina Brewery. Their brewery operations were located in a building
adjacent to their residence conveniently located near the Smoky Hill River
banks. Native IImud bricksll or sand bricks may have been used in the con-
struction of this building as evidenced by their color and texture.
* * * * * * * *
~
683 S. Santa Fe Ave.
"Litowich House," 1887
The "Litowich House" is a good example of a late Victorian structure.
The massing is much larger than earlier, more compact forms. The features are
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classic elements of R. W. Shoppel pattern-book designs. The house interior
is high Queen Anne styling with many unusual features. Mason D. Sampson,
owner from 1887 to 1905, was the co-proprietor of the Saline County Journal,
forerunner of the current local newspaper. He espoused the cause of women IS
suffrage in his newspaper and started a women's department featuring special
issues of the day.
* * * * * * * *
..
104 S. Santa Fe Ave.
"North Star Drugstore," 1886
This building is best remembered for its function as various drug stores.
It is located in the central business district and comprises half of a business
block joined with 106 N. Santa Fe Ave. It is suspected that the terra cotta
patterns and Romanesque arches may be hidden under the metal that covers the
the adjacent storefront. The block was built by John Nelson and M. D. Teague.
These businesses have occupied the 104 side: Conrad Hardware, 1890s; two
jewelry shops; North Star Svensk Apotek (a Swedish apothecary); Low's Drugs;
Linck Drugs; and, the current tenant, Paris Plus. The Swedish apothecary
business represented the desire to serve the area's Scandanavian population.
A European apothecary is quite different than the American drugstore concept,
but it is not known at this time if the North Star reflected the purism of its
name.
* * * * * * * *
636 E. Iron Ave.
"Schwartz House, II 1875
National Register
The above residence is one of two Salina buildings on the National Register
of Historic Places. It has the distinction of being the city's first Mansard
(french) roof. It is an eclectic blend of Renaissance, Second Empire, and
Italianate. This home was built for Alphonse J. Schwartz and his bride, Aggie
Geis. Schwartz came to Kansas City from Pennsylvania and then to Salina to
become a prominent influence in Salina's commercial endeavors, most notably har'dware.
84
fE83833 .1
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'v- ~ ..
r --.: - .
* * * * * * * *
110 N. Santa Fe Ave.
Gebhart's, c. 1876/1926
The Gebhart family has owned and operated this hardware store in this
building continuously from New Year's Day 1876 to this present day. Mr.
J. P. Gebhart, the original family member that owned the building, came to
Salina from Ohio. The most unusual feature of this building is the
originality of the rear entrance. The bricked walk and loading area still
remains along with chiseled limestone curbs. A second-story carriage lift
door reminds us of an era of transportation and a life style gone by.
* * * * * * * *
150 S. Eighth St.
"Shellabarger House," c. 1870
Between 1885 and 1898, this building was the residence of John B. Shella-
barger, of the Shellabarger Mill (formerly the Goodnow Mill). The Shellabarger
family was considered one of the oldest milling concerns in the United States,
dating back to the Revolutionary War at their Carlisle, Pennsylvania plant.
They owned and operated many mills across the country. In addition to its
historical significance, this house represents the best example of a wooden
Italianate structure in Salina. The Eastlake exterior details combined with
the high integrity render the Shellabarger House unique.
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* * * * * * * *
c. 1872
This structure represents the most historically significant residential
building in Salina. It is the only existing home of one of five founding
fathers, Alexander M. Campbell. Campbell was also a pioneer Salina business-
man and was appointed the first postmaster of Salina in 1861 by President
Abraham Lincoln. A II Renaissance man," Campbell performed many vital functions
during Salina's early development period. The house remained in the Campbell
family until 1959. The walls and basement floor are reportedly secured with
sand and rocks. There also exists on the grounds what is believed to be the
original brick carriage house in the rear, which is now part of another parcel.
* * * * * * * *
352 N. Santa Fe Ave.
Missouri Pacific Depot, 1887
The Depot above was originally used as the Missouri Pacific Railroad
passenger and freight depot. It was constructed in 1887 and was utilized as
a depot until 1912, when the Union Depot was built. It is still owned by
the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company and houses local offices. It is a
one-story structure with a 2-story, cross-gabled tower built in the
Richardsonian Romanes~ue style. . The Depot is one of the few structures in
Salina that was constructed of rough-cut native limestone. One unusual
design feature includes the arched, double windows and oculi on each side of
the tower. A U. S. Government benchmark can be found on one of the window
sills that indicates elevation for all other buildings in the area.
86
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746 S. Santa Fe Ave.
liT. L. Bond House," 1887
T. L. Bond occupied this house in 1902. He served as Register of U. S.
Land Office in Salina from 1875 to 1880. Bond was 3dm;tted to the Kansas Bar
in 1874 and practiced law in Salina many years. He and his wife, Florence,
were women's suffrage activists and, therefore, entertained guests such as
Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Pitt. A blend of Eastern Stick and Gothic
styling coupled with a high degree of exterior d~sign integrity suggest its
architectural uniqueness.
* * * * * * * *
t.
211 W. Prescott Ave.
"Prescott House,1I 1884
National Register
This 14-room mansion commonly known by Salinans as the most outstanding
"old house" in town, is one of two National Register of Historic Places
properties. Judge John Henry Prescott, County Attorney, State Senator, and
State District Judge, had the house built in 1884 for the sum of $lO,OOO~
qualifying it for the most extravagant house of its day according to local
standards. Its location at the South end of Eighth Street remains a pro-
minent site, appearing as a conspicuous object for many blocks away. The
dominating architectural style is Italian Villa with a Second Empire tower.
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(By Decade)
CONSTRUCTION DATE
1870
1870/40/60
1870/36/70
1872
1875
1875
c. 1875
187l-2?
c. 1876/26
1878
1878
c. 1879
c. 1879
1870s c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
1880s
1880
1880
c. 1880
t:. 1880?
c. 1880
c. 1880
c . 1880
c. 1880
c . 1880?
c. 1880
c . 1880
c. 1880
c. 1 880 I?
c. 1880
c. 1880
1884
1884/60
1885
1881
1886
1886
c. l880/?
c. 1 8801?
1881/óO
1887
c. 1885
c. 1880
1887
1880
1887
c. 1880 ?
c. 1 880
..//..
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SIGNIFICANT SALINA RESOURCES BUILT
BETWEEN 1867 and 1890
ADDRESS
150 S. Eighth St.
111 N. Santa Fe Ave.
112-118 S. Santa Fe Ave.
122 S. Ninth St.
440 S. Ninth St.
636 E. Iron Ave.
416 W. Lincoln St.
104 N. Santa Fe
110 N. Santa Fe Ave.
200 E. Iron Ave.
100 N. Santa Fe Ave.
118 N. Santa Fe Ave.
218 S. Third St.
109/111 N. Seventh St.
225 N. Second St.
420 S. Eighth St.
510 N. Ninth St.
128 S. Tenth St.
158 S. Tenth St.
208/210 S. Tenth St.
251 N. Thirteenth St.
336 N. Thirteenth St.
702 W. Ash St.
526 W. Iron Ave.
209 E. Mulberry St.
113 N. Santa Fe Ave.
115 N. Santa Fe Ave.
116 N. Santa Fe Ave.
211 W. Prescott St.
101-107 S. Santa Fe Ave.
415 S. Eighth
Oakdale Park
104 S. Santa Fe Ave.
106 S. Santa Fe
109 S. Santa Fe
111 S. Santa Fe
125/127 S. Santa Fe Ave
352 N. Santa Fe Ave.
511 N. Santa Fe Ave
645 S. Santa Fe Ave
683 S. Santa Fe Ave.
705 S. Santa Fe Ave.
746 S. Santa Fe Ave.
413/415 W. South St.
715 Spruce St.
COMMON or "HISTORICAL" NAME
"Shellabarger Housefl
"Planter's State Bank" or "Geis Bank"
"Campbell House"
IISchwartz House"
Warden's
Gebhart's
Rafter's & Lutheran Soc. Sere
Paris Shop
Anderson's
owner of"Salina Breweri'
Midwest Business
"Mi 1 1 er House Hote 111
Consolidat¡;)d
Kl i ne I s
Trio Fashions
"Prescott House"
Wilson's
"Fitzpatrick House"
"North Star Drugstore"
"Trader's State Bank"
McCoy'~
"MoPac Depot"
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(By Decade)
CONSTRUCTION DATE
1880s c. 1880
(cont) c. 1880
c. 1880
18905
1890/24
1890/24
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890/22
c. 1 890
c. l8?0
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890 .
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890/30
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1 890
c. 1890
c. 1890
c. 1890
..//..
(1890s continued
in next period)
ADDRESS
124 S. Front't.
619 Gypsum St.
702 W. Ash St.
101 N. Santa Fe Ave.
108 N. Santa Fe Ave.
122 N. Santa Fe Ave.
124 N. Santa Fe Ave.
141 N. Santa Fe Ave.
100 S. Santa Fe Ave.
117/119 S. Santa Fe
121 S. Santa Fe Ave.
123 S. Santa Fe Ave.
139 S. Santa Fe Ave.
141/143 N. Santa Fe Ave.
144/146 N. Santa Fe Ave.
257 S. Fifth St.
200 S. Seventh'St.
402 S. Eighth St.
336 N. Ninth St.
451 S. Ninth St.
629 S. Nintr. St.
701 W.A.sh St.
110/112 E. Iron Ave.
809 Johnstown Ave.
315 E. Oakdale Dr.
214 S. Oakdale St.
216 N. Santa Fe Ave.
218 N. Santa Fe Ave.
220/222 N. Santa Fe Ave.
254 N. Santa Fe Ave.
222 S. Santa Fe Ave.
240/242 S. Santa Fe Ave.
659 S. Santa Fe Ave.
680 S. Santa Fe Ave.
720 S. Santa Fe
800 S. Santa Fe Ave.
315 W. South St.
COMMON or "HISTORICAL" NAME
First National Bank
Rose's - "Sudendorf Bldg."
Trio Shop
Brass Buckle
Beraer's
National Bñnk
Dots/A-Smile-A-Minute
Tuff Threads
Jilka's
IINelson/Ostenberg"
"Naylor Bldg.1I
Salina Auto Trim
H. D. Lee Cowplex
Vogue Theatre
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1891 to 1930 -
COMMERCE, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND STABILITY
By 1900, the frontier was closed. America was confronted with the fact
that it had to sustain itself on the land within current boundaries. Thus,
the furious pace of the previous period subsided into a phase of stabilization.
Likewise, Salina's development was a steady, slow continuation of the
boom brought on by the coming of the railroad and its attendant immigration
into the area and ease of transporting goods. Growth continued until the
economic depression of 1929. Prior to that, the city tripled from 6,503
inhabitants in 1890 to 20,155 in 1930.48
Salina joined the American Age of Industry by continuing to concentrate
in its manufacturing, wholesale, retail and agricultural interests that
dominated the cityls economic sources. In so doing, the city joined full
force in the American industrial transformation process. Salina achieved
maturation and stability as industrious residents refined their facilities.
By the early 1890s, the optimism that accompanied the boom of the prior
decade began to wane. Perhaps Salina's failure at their attempt in 1888 to
secure central railroad prominence contributed to a decline in property values.
Large-scale future growth would have been assured had the city been located
at the center of trunk lines running from north to south and from east to west
across the continent.
Luckily, as one local lamented, Henry D. Lee, a.k.a. H. D. Lee, happened
upon Salina in 1888 to become as important an influence upon commerce as the
coming of the railroad. 49 Lee was considered one of only two men who could
be called a true commercial magnate. He became a prime mover and shaker in
promoting the city's progress. In just a few years after his arrival, Lee
successfully organized the H. D. Lee Mercantile Co. with initial civic involve-
ment. He went on to establish the Lee Hardware Co., still extant at 254 N. Santa
Fe Ave.; the Kansas Ice and Cold Storage Co.; as well as the H. D. Lee Flour
Mill, now called the Econo-Flo Mill at 346 N. Seventh St. Lee added significantly
to the economic health of Salina at a critical time. To this day his name is
known, adorning countless numbers of blue jeans and overalls, that are manu-
factured in Kansas City.50
Many other entrepreneurs, such as W. W. Watson, contributed to the develop-
ment of Salina into a supply center. In 1900, Watson entered into a joint ven-
ture to establish the Kasper-Durand-Watson Grocery Warehouse. The large ware-
house building is still standing at 419 N. Santa Fe Ave.
As the city enjoyed considerable prosperity as a major center, modern
conveniences were extended throughout the city. Transportation development,
massive street paving endeavors, indoor plumbing, and new, less expensive
structural methods, coalesced to improve the quality of life for the average
resident of Salina.
90
Transportation
There was no stopping America's drive for mobility in the early twentieth
century. At no other time or place did more people move greater distances with
more profound effects on the environment. The variety was limitless and Salina
had its share.
Streetcars - The street railway system was enlarged to a total length
of 11.5 miles. By 1906, electric trolley cars had replaced horse-drawn cars.
However, the popularity of the automobile brought an end to the financial
feasibility of the street rail system by 1929. Most of the tracks were pulled
up and sold for scrap metal. Interestingly, some remains of the street track
system have recently been salvaged in the process of a city repair excavation
job.
Automobiles Fred Shellabarger drove into town one day in 1899 in a
second-hand Durea, for which he paid $750 -- it was Salina1s first IIhorseless
carriage. "51 It didn't take long for the City Council to institute a limited
driving speed on a straight of way to 10 m.p.h. ~nd 4 m.p.h. on curves and
corners. By 1907, there were 36 autos in town.5 The iron bridge leading
into Lakewood Park is an excellent example of early road improvements made
in the city to accommodate heavier vehicles. And by the end of World War I,
federal policy was committed to the completing of a connected system of
highways, interstate in character. Salina was also to play an integral
part in that system, as evidenced by the two major interstate highways that
cross through the city today: 1-135 and 1-70. The car-owning public began
demanding massive street improvements, once driving was not just for Sunday
outings.
Thanks to Henry Ford, who began mass production in 1903 of inexpensive
Ford Model T automobiles, the city was teeming with traffic and automobile-
related businesses by the twenties. A former service station at 802 N. Santa Fe
exemplifies small, early gasoline-filling stations. Remnants of the original
painted sign is visible on the south wall of a former sales and maintenance
building for a Hudson dealership at 213 N. Fifth St. By the 1940s, Salina
became a wholesale center for automobiles and accessories.
Railroads In 1915 the Union Station at 400 N. Thirteenth St. was opened
to the traveling public. In step with the national trend, the four local rail-
road companies agreed to unite their efforts to build a station to better
accommodate rail passengers than did the Union Pacific Depot that was destroyed
by fire three years earlier. According to the building permit, the new station
cost $50,000 and is of substantial quality: the basement walls are 18" thick
and the brick walls are 13-17" thick. The grounds still posess their original,
unasphalted brick paving material -- a 601 x 300' brick passenger platform
with an impressive brick-paved driveway passing through a porte cochere.
The town fathers pridefully wished to project a prosperous identity to
its visitors. The Bishop Street commercial area close to the Station became
the first impression of Salina imprinted in the mind's of travelers. So to
symbolize the "passage" through Salina, an elaborate lighted metal arched gate-
way was erected that spanned Twelfth Street at Bishop. Wichita, as well as
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91
thousands of cities across the country, sported similar identity markers.
The sign was removed in 1954 as the demise of passenger rail service was
becomi ng felt.
Air Travel The same year that Henry Ford organized his auto production
company, Orville and Wilbur Wright were busy flying the first powered airplane.
Further aeronautical history was being made by GlenA L. Martin, a former
Salina resident who called it his IIhometown"; Billy Mitchell; Charles A.
Lindbergh; and, a native Kansas, Amelia Earhart. They captured the imagination
of a free-spirited, jazz-age public.
In 1928, only one year after Lindbergh's first successful solo non-stop
flight from New York to Paris, Salina had acquired its first official airport
east of town on Crawford Street. Paving in the 1930s improved the runway
surface. Prior to that, however, the 1921 city map indicates that there was
an aircraft wind indicator in the center of the autmobile racetrack in Oakdale
Park. Its possible that the racetrack was used periodically as an air/landing
field.
Salina's brush with aviation history occurred in 1929 when the Rearwin
Company built their first prototype aircraft in a building which remains at
224 N. Santa Fe Ave. That same year they moved their actual production to
the Fairfax Industrial area in Kansas City, Kansas. The company remained a
successful producer of troop-carrying gliders through World War II. Gliders
were primarily used to land combat troops silently behind enemy lines. These
unarmed combat gliders, called CG-4As, were pulled by transport planes and
disconnected at the appropriate time for gliding. Eventually, about 3,000
91iders were instrumental to the succesg of three major European invasions,
lncluding the D-Day invasion in France. 3
Park System
The park system was enlarged by the addition of Kenwood Park and Sunset
Park. The Kenwood and Oakdale Park complexes retained horse racing and bicycle
tracks into the mid-twenties, while Oakdale also featured an automobile race-
track -- a sign of a transition into another era. The car track was moved to
Kenwood in the mid-twenties. Oakdale also provided Tourist Camp facilities,
the cityfs answer to the popular tourist courts. The camp was complete with
coin-operated gas cook stoves. One must assume there existed a demand for.
overnight camping facilities, possibly for recreation and/or temporary living
accommodations during a travel respite.
Agri culture
A vast land reclamation program at the turn of the century permanently
changed the nature of agriculture. Centered in an agricultural region and
dependent upon an agricultural-related economy, Salina felt the impact of
change again. The widespread use of electricity and other technological
changes meant that the small farmer could not be self sufficient much longer.
Farmers began an exodus to the cities while vast agribusiness thrived. Large-
capacity elevators at Robinson, Gooch and Lee-Warren made of reinforced concrete
-
92
were constructed to take on the abundant grain crops that poured into
the city before the. Depression.
Brick Manufacturing and Paving
The advent of a hi gh-heat kil n that produced a vi trifi ed or "hard fi red II
brick revolutionized the building industry at the turn of the century. Unlike
its predecessor, vitrified bricks were considered as durable as stone and much
less expense and labor intensive. The mere weight involved in shipping bricks
did increase the cost considerably, even if Salina was fairly close to some
of the finest brick manufacturers. Salina used, among other types, IIBuffalo
Bricks,1I a high quality paving brick from Buffalo, Kansas, and Coffeyville,
Kansas or Caney, Kansas bricks -- all of extremely high quality and used for
the high-wear situations. They were a luxury. However, a local supplier was
necessary before reasonable costs of building construction could get underway.
Manufacturing - So it was that the local demand was met by the Salina
Vitrified Brick Company from 1900 to 1954, located at the east end of Gypsum
Ave. Ruins of its buildings and a pond from which shale and clay were mined
remain today at Indian Rock Park.
Street Paving - Extensive street paving was done during this period with
paving brick. The first street in Salina to be completely paved with bricks
was Tenth Street from Iron Ave. to Walnut St. The contract was let in 1905 to
pave the center 30 feet of Tenth St. The brick is not local, but vitrified
paving blocks bear the stamp of the Caney Vitrified Brick and Tile Co. in
Coffeyville, Kansas. Fortunately, the street is still in use in its original,
unasphalted state. Trees along this brick-paved street, the houses, and the
chiseled, rough-cut limestone curbs blend nicely to create the most aesthetically
pleasing and visually unified residential area in the city.
Santa Fe Avenue was completely paved the following year at a cost of
$75,602.54 Thereafter, brick street paving and maintenance was integrated as
a routine function of the city. As many as 49 sections of exposed brick streets
are in use today. A list of existing brick streets and dates of construction
may be found in the "Brick Works" file.
If one is observant, brick streets can be identified that bear two
distinct patterns or types of brick: one type in the middle, the other along
the two sides. The first brick was laid àlong the sides to the curb, since
early paving only had to extend six feet from the curb. The centers were then
filled in at a later date after 1905.
Building Patterns
The residential and secondary commercial areas platted during the early
booms were filled in. Only two residential areas were added, completing the
1930s city limit boundaries, the area of this survey. It seems that an overall
building boom was in progress in the 1910s, as Salina's quality building stock
from this period indicates. Local builders and architects indulged themselves
with the latest styles, new materials, and technologies of the Twentieth Century.
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They experimented with molded and reinforced concrete, plate glass and glass
blocks, ready-mixed concrete, hollow clay tile, vitreous glazed brick,
terra cotta, and steel framing. All are gloriously displayed in Salina's
built environment.
Charles Shavert local architect, reported more than $1,000,000 worth of
building in Salina alone during 1921.55 His buildings were of such high quality
originally that a phenomenal percentage of them survive. Shaver practiced
architecture in Salina from 1915 until 1961. He not only built institutional,
commercial, residential, and ecclesiastical buildings that dominated the
northwest third of Kansas, he diversified into various other states such as
Oklahoma, Missouri, Colorado, and Iowa. He even designed the radio station
in Mexico, XERF, for the infamous nostrum king and former Kansas resident and
governor candidate, Dr. John Romulus Brinkley. As a matter of interest, Shaver
was awarded the first official state certificate to practice architecture when
the legislative mandate became effective in the 1940s. Shaver played a vital
role in the adoption of state codes and standards for architecture in Kansas.
Historians call this period the Post-Victorian Era. Most of Salina's
significant resources were constructed during this period. It was a time of
changing attitudes that affected the look and environment of not only Salina,
but of the whole nation. The typically simplified exterior made a statement
of honesty and nostalgia -- a reactionary response to what turn-of-the-century
artists and philosophers believed to be "overworked, expensive Victorian
decoration." The Post-Victorian Era of architecture was moralistic and judg-
mental in naturet but the elaboration was by no means gone. Besides common
utilitarian constructions, there were three overlapping philosophical movements:
Romantic (revivals, such as Colonial Revival); Utilitarian (Craftsman styles);
and Futuristic (Art Deco, Art Moderne, etc.). This was a time of mixing up
styles to suit individual tastes. Salina posesses superb examples of these
expressions of craftsmanship and individuality.
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional Construction - The construction of a two-
story building block was reported to be the first structure of a retail com-
mercial building boom about to occur on the 200 block of North Santa Fe Ave.56
Another "Old Salina'! wooden structure was being replaced by a new, brick one.
The central business district was stabilizing.
The use of reinforced concrete dominated commercial/industrial architecture
until the 1930s. Swift and Company constructed a 4-story building at 211 E. Elm
in 1927 that housed their well-equipped hatchery for poultry production. Not
only does this structure represent an important reminder of Salina's agricultural
contributions, it serves as an overt display of the technologies and styles of
the day -- a reinforced concrete grid structural system. Glass blocks were used
94
as translucent fill-ins or curtain walls between the structural grid. Linear,
hard-edged detail, common to the futuristic, Art Deco style, accents the
Spanish Revival curvilinear gables. The strategically-placed Swift logos
identify the building from several blocks away.
The Iron Avenue bridge at Fourth St., built in 1915, was the first
reinforced concrete bridge in the city. More reinforced concrete was used to
construct elevators and mills. Three other architecturally significant build-
ings were completed in 1922, a busy construction year for the town. The
Great Plains Building, 119 S. Seventh St., was originally the office of the
Farmers' Union Fire and Insurance Company. Charles Shaver, the architect,
used the best and newest materials and methods for its construction. The
total cost of the building alone was $150,000. The architecture is an
interesting mix of Second Renaissance Revival and Beaux Arts Classicism,
which is quite unique. The building was considered to be a monument to the
business it served. The six-story Masonic Temple at 336 S. Santa Fe Ave.
was built as a gathering point for Masons from allover the north central
part of Kansas. The Classical Greek-Ionic styling and detail reeks of
symbolisms characteristic of the Masonic philosophy of life. It is said by
locals to be the finest Masonic Temple in Kansas and was valued recently at
more than $2,500,000.57 Memorial Hall, another Shaver building, at
410 W. Ash St. was commemorated as a memorial to all Salina area veterans of
all wars. Classical Revival details include Ionic columns, ballustrated
pediment, and cornice embellishments. The $400,000 brick and marble building
was used as a municipal auditorium until 1978 when it was converted into a
neighborhood recreation center.
The United Life Building, 110-113 S. Seventh St., built in 1929, was
Salina's first Tall Building. It rose 10 stories, at an estimated cost of
$440,000. Art Deco details are complimented by the use of polychromatic terra
cotta. The "verticalness" of the Art Deco lines and the original nocturnal
use of blue accent lighting were intended to project an overall sense of
reaching endlessly toward the sky. Such flaunting of success and high style
was viewed as projecting toward prospective customers a sense of strength
and ability -- just the image a new insurance company needed. The United Life
Building is still the tallest commercial building in the city and is the only
high-rise office building in the region.
Marymount College's Administration Building at East Iron Ave. and Marymount
Rd. is also considered a structural landmark by Salina residents. This 300-room
building was designed by a local architect, C. A. Smith, a.k.a. "Architect Smith,"
who lived in a Prairie School Style house at 680 Highland Ave. The Marymount
building looks like a medieval castle perched on top of a hill overlooking the
city from the east. Its monumental size is etched along the top by towers and
castellation -- only a few details of the overall English Revival/Gothic design.
It took two and a half years to complete the construction that was almost
exclusively of fireproof materials.
Salina was fortunate enough to have for a while two Carnegie Buildings:
the City Library and the Carnegie Science Hall at KWU. They no longer survive.
Residential Construction Salina's Post-Victorian residential building stock
follows closely trends of the country. There were, however, "carry overs" from
stylistic details of the Victorian Era. especially on vernacular, domestic
buildings. The decades around the turn of the century introduced to us the
house as we know it today, developed as a prompt response to a national demand.
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They were built with the comfort we now take for granted. For that reason,
Post-Victorian houses are usually thought of as just "old houses" that are
not adequate according to our "modern" high standards. These period houses are
just now getting mentioned in the architectural style books. These simplified
structures have, as two experts stated well, ". . . a history we need to under-
stand, and so come to respect, if we want to preserve the familiarity of most
of the country. "58
Middle and upper middle-class houses were raised especially on South
Eighth St., Highland Ave., West Ash St., and the newly acquired Sunset addition
and Country Club Heights areas, as well as scattered among other areas as
in-fill. Most domestic buildings after 1900 bore wooden clapboard siding with
molded concrete-block or brick foundations. The bulk of domestic housing was
of the Craftsman Bungalow style and form. The north end across and adjacent
to the railroad tracks continued to provide economical space for lower-income
structures.
The once fashionable house at 701 W. Ash St. was built about 1890. The
Old House Jou.r>nal experts have named its style "Princess Anne.1I As the name
implies, it is a simplified, later version of the Queen Anne style, a direct
descendant. This utilitarian style is characterized by its simplistic details,
asymetric roof and form while still posessing much of the Queen Anne detailing.
Caroline Link Fisher, daughter of the first white woman settler in the area,
and her husband, Jacob, were residents of this house from 1906 to 1942.
It is reported that William Reimold, a local builder, speculated that
Salina was ready for massive tract housing. He built over 200 homes between
1914 and 1917. One cottage at 509 S. Eleventh St. represents what Reimold
houses may have been like, although it is not certain that this specific house
is a Reimold construction. It is certain that it was speculative housing
built around 1909. One look at the adjacent house to the north verifies the
fact that they were built at the same time by the same builder -- many others
surround the area. This house appears today as it did when it was built,
except for added metal awnings and screening on part of the front porch. Two
iron hitching posts remind us that things were different when this house was
built.
The architecture of Charles Shaver, local architect, not only dominated
commercial and institutional design, he was also the most prominent residential
architect in Salina's history. He designed the original 15 houses and the
elaborate entrance gate in the exclusive, restricted area called Country Club
Heights, commonly referred to as liThe Hill." Since 1927, the year of the
first completed houses, the area has since filled in with similar-quality
construction. The total environment that Shaver created, including curved
brick-lined streets, lend a timeless beauty to this area. Shaver is known for
his mastery at designing Romantic, Revivalist-styled buildings. The area
well illustrates his ability to create an emotional response. The area is
similar in concept, but not in scale, to the Country Club Plaza residential
area in Kansas City, Missouri, from which Shaver may have been inspired.
The area has become the nucleus of the most notable residential section is
Salina. The prime symbol of his work and of Charles Shaver himself is the
house he built to live in at 17 Crestview Dr. The many details of the highly
96
stylized English Revival-Tudor style indicate the care and craftsmanship that
was bestowed upon it; for instance, the brick nogging patterns between the
timbering, the incorporation of wood and stone into the brick, etc.
Residential as well as commercial building all but ceased in Salina
after the stock market crash of 1929 and during the ensuing world-wide
economic depression. Endurance was the theme of the years to follow.
ARTIFACT EXAMPLES
{Jt
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680 S. Santa Fe Ave.
IIQuincy House," c. 1891
A very prominent resident, Fred H. Quincy, built this house about 1891.
He played an integral part in the city's commercial development. Among his
many accomplishments, he was an organizer and presided over the Planter's
State Bank, was elected State Senator in 1904, co-organizer of the Salina
Cement Plaster Company, and a member of a committee that helped secure
Marymount College for Salina. The house remains in excellent condition
with a high state of design integrity.
* * * * * * * *
448 S. Eighth St.
c. 1898
Isadore J. Peters was the first mortgage holder of his property in 1898,
its probable construction date. An Iron Ave. furniture store owner, A. F. Berg,
lived in the house in 1917. Neo-Colonial elements distinguish this house as
one of the most dramatic and individualistic expressions of the Colonial Revival
style.
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138 S. Eighth St.
Christ Episcopal Church, 1908
Christ Episcopal Church was touted to be one of Kansas' best. It
supposedly co'ntained the only set of chimes in Kansas at the time of its
construction in 1908. Mrs. Harmon Griswold Batterson of New York donated
money in memory of her husband, a priest and doctor. Plans for the building
were prepared by Charles M. Burns, a Philadelphia architect. Building materials
and ornamentation for this Gothic building are of the highest quality. The
rough-cut limestone blocks were quarried at Cottonwood Falls, Kansas.
* * * * * * * *
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N. Fifth & Stimmel Rd.
"Old Stimmel School," c. 1910
The above structure fits the image of the old country school house.
Although it has been absorbed by the city now, it remains in an open, country
environment. Probably built in the 1910s, it was a common school in District
#27 until it was absorbed by school unification. Since that time~ it has
operated as a part of the newer~ adjacent neighborhood elementary school for
north rural Salina.
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* * * * * * * *
245 N. Ninth St.
"Old Saline County Courthouse,"
1910
The cornerstone date on this building indicates that it served the
civic needs of Saline County citizens for close to 60 years. It replaced
the first courthouse on the same site. Since the county administration
moved to the then new City-County Building across the street in 1969, the
structure has been occupied by a service group for the local elderly
population, Leisure Years.
* * * * * * * *
King Gymnasium on the
Kansas Wesleyan University
Campus, 1915
Construction of this building was completed in 1915 and was considered one
of the "best Equipt" gymnasiums in the state by local reporters of the day.
The Superintendent of the Salina District, J. W. Snapp, believed that students
must be trained in all departments and the college was completing its duty to
do so with the construction of thi.s new gym. In his words, "The great work of
the world. . . hath been rendered by those who were physically strong.1I The
students seemed more interested to the time when the building was completed and
the "Coyotes would meet the Wheatshockers, the Moundbuilders, and the Terrible
Swedes on the gym floor." To show their appreciation, the Class of 1915 offered
the tower clock as their gift to the.school. The bell alone weighs 350 pounds
and the face was "lighted by electricity at night," a luxury afforded by few.
The Board of Trustees built the tower in which the clock was placed. The tower
and clock together cost $2,000 and the estimated cost of the building was about
$35,000.
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100 Mt. Barbara Dr.
"Sheldon House," 1918.
Built on the former site of Col. W. A. Phillips' mansion overlooking
Salina, this house was also considered a marvel when it was completed in
1918. The original owners, D. A. "Bertll Nelson and his wife, Genevieve
Schippel Nelson, spent $100,000 to construct the 20-room Prairie School
Style structure. The house may have been designed by a student of Frank
Lloyd Wright, according to local oral history sources. Kansas City artist,
C. W. Noel, painted murals on several walls. Unusual features for the time
included a central vacuum system, an intercom system, inlaid woodwork, and
first electrically-operated refrigerator in Kansas. The house was occupied
by Dr. and Mrs. Sheldon from about 1940 to 1975.
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(By Decade)
CONSTRUCTION DATE
1890s c. 1891
(cont) c. 1895
c. 1895
c. 1895
1900s c. 1904
c. 1900
c. 1900
1906-08
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1909
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c . 1 900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1 900
c. 1900
1908
1900
c. 1900/40
c. 1900
c. 1900
c. 1900
1910s c. 1911
1917-23
c. 1915/20
1910
1910
c. 1910
1910
..//..
101
SIGNIFICANT SALINA RESOURCES BUILT
BETWEEN 1891 and 1930
ADDRESS
680 S. Santa Fe Ave.
300 S. Fi fth St.
448 S. Eighth
120 S. Santa Fe Ave.
117/119 N. Santa Fe Ave.
135 N. Santa Fe Ave.
346 N. Seventh St.
138 S. Eighth St.
204 S. Eighth St.
317 S. Eighth St.
321 S. Eighth St.
542 S. Eighth St.
625 S. Ni nth St.
120 S. Tenth St.
156 S. Tenth St.
509 S. Eleventh St.
915 W. Ash St.
61 3 W. As h S t.
701 W. Ash St.
223 Channel St.
103 N. College St.
100 S. College St.
214 S. Columbia St.
130 S. Front St.
, 650 Highland Ave.
820 Highland Ave.
100/102 E. Iron Ave.
114 E. Iron Ave.
800 E. Iron Ave.
1815 E. Iron Ave.
129 W. Minneapolis Ave.
214 E. North St.
406 W. Iron Ave.
419 N. Santa Fe Ave.
246-254 S. Santa Fe Ave.
337 S. Santa Fe Ave.
129 W. Prescott Ave.
334 S. Eighth St.
107 N. Santa Fe Ave.
123 N. Santa Fe Ave.
125/127 N. Santa Fe Ave.
108 S. Santa Fe Ave.
110 S. Santa Fe Ave.
112 S. Santa Fe Ave.
128/132 S. Santa Fe Ave.
COMMON or IIHISTORICALII NAME
Shanks'
Kline's, "Stiefel Bros."
Western Div.
Econo-Flo Mill Complex, "Lee Mill"
Christ Episcopal Church
Sacred Heart Grade School
Grocery warehouse
Shaver facade
Chapel Funeral Home
Shelton's
Vernon IS, "Strickler Bldg."
Long's
Seitz Shoes
"Trader's State Bank"
Old ßriar Pipe and Gift Shop
Kinney Shoes
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(By Decade)
CONSTRUCTION DATE
19l0s c. 1910
(cont) c. 1910/70
1915
1915
1919
c. 1910
c. 1910
c, 1910
c. 1915
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
1916
1916
c. 1910
c. 1910
1918
c. 1910
1910
1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1915
c. 1915
1916
c. 1910
c. 1915
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
c. 1910
1915
1916
c. 1910
1916 & 1925
1918
c. 1910
1918/27/31
c. 1910
1912
1913
1914
c. 1910
c. 1910
..1/..
ADDRESS
147 S. Santa Fe Ave.
148 S. Santa Fe Ave,
4th St. & Iron Ave.
KWU Campus
Marymount Campus
108 S. Fourth St.
132 S. Fourth St.
500 N. Fifth St.
126 S. Fifth St.
445 S. Fifth St.
146 N. Seventh St.
157 N. Seventh St.
302 S. Seventh St.
122 N. Eighth St.
138 S. Eighth St.
451 S. Eighth St.
. 103 N. Ninth St.
137 N. Ninth St.
245 N. Ninth St.
231 S. Ninth St.
434 S. Ninth St.
845 S. Ninth St.
116 S. Tenth St.
129 S. Tenth St.
139 S. Tenth St.
204 S. Tenth St.
615 S. Eleventh St.
400 N. Thirteenth St.
419 W. Ash St.
130 W. Crawford St.
509 E. Elm St.
638 Highland Ave.
680 Highland Ave.
701 Highland Ave.
762 Highland Ave.
816 Highland Ave.
860 Highland Ave.
1009 Highland Ave.
410 W. Iron Ave.
609 W. Iron Ave.
210 W. Mulberry St.
100 Mt. Barbara Dr.
130 Mt. Barbara Dr.
321 W. North St.
613 E. Oakdale Dr.
316 S. Oakdale St.
139 N. Penn
219 N. Santa Fe Ave.
231 W. Prescott
342 N. Santa Fe Ave.
COMMON or "HISTORICAL" NAME
Pro Uniforms
Iron Street Bridge
King Gymnasium
Administration Building
Boston Warehouse
Eller Bros. Supply
"Eagles Lodge"
St. John's Lutheran Church
First Methodist Church
Catholic Convent
Catholic Charities
1I0ld Saline County Courthouse"
Church of God in Christ
"Kindergarten Cottage"
Union Depot
St. Francis, "Old School"
Lowell School
Sacred Heart Jr. High School
Lincoln-Roosevelt School
"Sheldon House"
"Gooch r~ill Complex"
St. John's Hospital
Paramount Bar
"Rearwin Building"
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I CONSTRUCTION DATE ADDRESS
1910s c. 1915 900 N. Santa Fe Ave.
(cant) c. 1910 543 S. Santa Fe Ave.
I c. 1910 626 S. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1910 639 S. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1910 660 S. Santa Fe Ave.
I 1917 1509 S. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1910 315 W. Walnut St.
c. 1910 N. Fifth & Stimmel Rd.
I 1916 150 S. Santa Fe Ave.
1920s c. 1920 137 N. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1920 129 S. Santa Fe Ave.
I c. 1920 131 S. Santa Fe Ave.
c. 1920 134 S. Santa Fe Ave.
1928/36 145 S. Santa Fe Ave.
I c. 1920 213 N. Fifth St.
c. 1920 217 N. Fifth St.
c. 1925 132 S. Fifth St.
c. 1920 108 N. Seventh St.
I 1928 101-113 S. Seventh St.
1922 119 S. Seventh St.
1922 125 S. Seventh St.
ì. c. 1924 225 S. Seventh St.
I 1924 201 S. Eighth St.
1922 308 S. Eighth St.
I c. 1920 339 N. Ninth St.
c. 1920 349 N. Ninth St.
c. 1920 209 S. Ninth St.
1925 300 S. Ninth St.
I c. 1920 501 S. Ninth St.
c. 1920 802 S. Ninth St.
c. 1920 142 S. Tenth St.
I 1923 410 W. Ash St.
1926 Iron Ave. & Marymount Rd.
c. 1927 411 Country Club Rd.
I c. 1927 413 Country Club Rd.
c. 1927 417 Country Club Rd.
c. 1927 421 Country Club Rd.
c. 1927 6 Crestview Dr.
I c. 1927 14 Crestview Dr.
c. 1927 17 Crestview Dr.
c. 1927 19 Crestview Dr.
I c. 1927 22 Crestview Dr.
c. 1927 58 Fairdale Dr.
c. 1927 203 Greenway Rd.
c. 1927 208 Greenway Rd.
I c. 1927 212 Greenway Rd.
c. 1927 102 Overhill Rd.
c. 1927 106 Overhill Rd.
I c. 1927 300 W. Park Lane
c. 1927 302 W. Park Lane
t c. 1920 320 E. Ash St.
I 1929 303/318 E. Ash St.
1928 219 W. Ash St.
..//..
-
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COMMON or "HISTORICAL" NAME
Service station
University Methodist Church
1I0ld Stimmel School Housell
Shoe Shop
Pfaff Sewing
Salina Office Supply
Jilka's
IIKress Buildingll
Huntsinger's
Jilka1s
Cozy Inn
United Life Building
Great Plains Building
Credit Bureau
Immanuel Lutheran Church
First Christ. Church
First Presbyterian Church
St. John's Baptist Church
Cottage-type gas station
Bartlett School
"Memorial Hallll
I Country Cl ub Hei ghts Gate
Country Club Heights Area
Street Dept. Bldg.
Western Star Mill
Gold Key Apts.
104
(By Decade)
CONSTRUCTION DATE
1920s
(cont)
1927
c. 1920
c. 1920
1928
c. 1920
c. 1920
c. 1923
c. 1920
1924
1922
1925
1930
1930/58
1930
1930
1930
1930
1930
1930
c. 1930
c. 1930
c. 1930
c. 1930
c. 1 930
c. 1930
c. 1 930
1938
1931
..//..
1930s c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
(1930s continued
in next period)
ADDRESS
211 E; Elm
111-125 E. Iron Ave.
210 E. Iron Ave.
405 E. I ron Ave.
401 W. Iron Ave.
823 W. Iron Ave.
450 N. Ohio St.
802 N. Santa Fe Ave.
200-216 S. Santa Fe Ave.
336 N. Santa Fe Ave.
929 S. Santa Fe Ave.
126 N. Santa Fe Ave.
128-138 N. Santa Fe Ave.
131 N. Santa Fe Ave.
KWU Campus
N. Ninth St.
KWU Campus
1014 N. Third
157 S. Seventh St.
715 N. Ninth St.
907 S. Ninth St.
216 W. Crawford
117 Baker
110 S. Front St.
720 Highland Ave.
811 E. I ron Ave.
211 W. Iron Ave.
Center St.
COMMON or "HISTORICAL" NAME
"Swift Building"
Mail order house
Service station
Shaver facade
Masonic Temple
Traylor Travel
Planter1s Bank
"Montgomery Ward II
Pioneer Hall
Thomas Park
Martin Stadium Complex
Kansas Dept. of Transportation
Part of Southwestern Bell
Hawthorne Elementary School
"Girl Scout Building"
Oakdale School
Post Office
Kenwood Park Complex
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1931 to PRESENT -
CONCLUSION
The Depression followed closely by a severe drought in the 1930s, seriously
affected the economic picture in Salina. There was a virtual cessation of build-
ing for years except for projects financed by the state and federal governments
that put the locally unemployed back to work. As an immediate response to
widespread unemployment, the Work Progress Administration (WPA) employed 3.5
million people on a host of public works projects, such as those in Salina.
The program lasted from 1935 to 1943 -- time enough to save the dignity of a
nation.
The most significant federally-assisted project in Salina was the
construction of the Post Office in 1938 at 211 W. Iron Ave. When the
post office facilities move to their new location in 1985, the 1938 building
will be occupied by the Saline County Historical Museum. Assistance was also
used for the Glenn Martin Stadium Complex at Kansas Wesleyan University; rock
walls along the river banks; the unusual native limestone and sandstone structures
at Kenwood Park, Oakdale Park, Sunset Park~ Thomas Park, and precinct
voting station at 216 W. Crawford St. WPA workers also improved some brick-
paved streets~ among other beneficial projects.
Two private constructions that were constructed during this time are
quite worthy; the Municipal Waterworks building at 401 S. Fifth St. was
built in 1935, possibly as a shell over an older building; and the Watson
Theatre and office building at 153-163 S. Santa Fe Ave was finished in 1931.
Both buildings were designed by Charles Shaver at the height of his Art Deco
phase and they represent two of about five Art Deco buildings left in Salina.
The outbreak of World War II severely affected Salina. Conditions of
business and agriculture actually improved due to the three military instal-
lations located outside the city limits; the Smoky Hill Bombing Range; the
Smoky Hill Air Base (later known at Schilling Air Force Base); and, Camp
Phillips. Along with the accompanying increase in population and the demand
for retail goods, there was an increase in world markets for wheat products.
Private construction during this time was severely curtailed due to war-time
restrictions on the use of strategic materials. Therefore, many structures
were moved into "fill in" lots between existing buildings to handle the
increased need for domestic housing.
To accommodate civilian workers attracted to Salina, four major projects
were undertaken in 1943:
1 )
2)
185 permanent homes in the Sunset area;
100 units of f1at-roofed, temporary concrete-block
apartment structures built south of Sunset Park
(now additional park area);
A 225-unit trailer park south of Crawford (Sunset
65 units of apartments in larger~ older homes.
Pl aza now);
3)
4)
106
After the war, there was considerable new business construction in the
downtown commercial area. In 1945, only 42 new homes were built. By 1946,
Salina ranked fourth in the United States in th~ annual production of flour --
Salina's number-one industry was flour milling.5 By 1950, there were more
than 214 new homes built ranging in cost from $3,000 to $20,000 and 20 new
business buildings.
Population influx due to the re-opening of Schilling Air Force Base
in 1952 and its subsequent demise in 1965 resulted in an unexpected boom and
bust. Major works, such as flood control, suburbanization and commerce
progressed until the economic setback and sharp outward migration of 1965.
Since that time, the city follows patterns of continuing economic and social
change, successfully maintaining its status quo. Visions still persist of
increasing the cityls function as a medical, industrial and commercial center
and improving the quality of life for its residents.
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CONSTRUCTION DATE
I 1930s 1931
(cont) 1934
1935
I 1937
1940s c. 1 940
I c . 1940
c. 1940
1940
1948
I 19505 c. 1950
1950
I 1953
1980s c. 1980
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SIGNIFICANT SALINA RESOURCES BUILT
BETWEEN 1931 to PRESENT
ADDRESS
153-163 S. Santa Fe Ave.
401 S. Fifth St.
Sunset Dr.
427 W. Ellsworth St.
916 S. Ninth St.
201 S. Tenth St.
116 W. Elm St.
145 N. Phillips St.
122/124 S. Santa Fe Ave.
140 S. Santa Fe Ave.
222 W. Elm St.
118 N. Ninth St.
526 Inez
COMMON or "HISTORICALõI NAME
"Watson Theatre"
Municipal Waterworks
Sunset Park
Art Deco house
Lamer's Market
Seiferts/Brown Mackie
Pennyls
City Fire Department
Sacred Heart Catholic Cathedral
Experimental low-income housing-
"Arch House"
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7.
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HISTORICAL FOOTNOTES
Ruby Phillips Bramwell, City on the Move: A Story of Salina,
(Salina, Kansas: Survey Press, 1969), p. 15.
Ibid, p. 20.
Ibid, p. 82.
Ibid, p. 21.
Ibid, p. 31.
W. M. Bishop, "History of SalineCounty, Kansas," Edwards' Atlas
of Saline County, Kansas - 1884, p. 8.
IISalina's First Paint," The Salina Journal, n.d.
Bramwell, p. 32.
Bishop, p. 7.
Ibid.
The Railroader, May 1946, p. 9.
Mary Crowther and Mary Maley, Eds., As We Were: Pictorial History
of Saline County, Vol. 1. (Salina, Kansas: Salina County Historical
Society, 1976), p. 1.
"A Landmark Goes," The Salina Journal, 17 Oct. 1929.
Bramwell, p. 81.
"Growth of the City," Annual Financial Report, City of Salina,
Kansas, FYE 31 Dec 1971.
The Salina Journal, ,1887.
"Plains Hotel Goes," The Salina Journal, -' 1915.
Bishop, p. 8.
Bramwell, pp.. 111-114.
"Landmark Going," The Salina Journal, n.d., c. 1915.
Bramwell, pp. 69-70.
Bishop, p. 8.
Ibid.
1888 Sanbourne Map and Salina City Plan, 1964.
Henry F. Bedford and Trevor Colbourn, The Americans: A Brief
History. 3rd Ed (New York: Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1980)
pp. 277 & 317.
Bishop, p. 9.
Crowther, p. 47.
Bramwell, p. 31.
Shannon Drews, "Former John Geis and Company Bank: First Brick
Building, The Salina Journal, 3 Sept. 1978, p. 22; and,
Bramwell, p~. 84-85.
Information Please Almanac, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981),
p. 642.
Code of Ordinance of the City of Salina, Kansas, Ordinance No.
8760, 1 Nov. 1872.
Ibid, Ordinance No. 171, 16 Dec. 1875 and No. 277,27 Júne 1878.
Bishop, p. 8.
Bramwell, pp. 85-86.
"Planter1s State Bank," Job #787, Architectural log Book and
blueprint file, Shaver Partnership, 1915 - 1961.
Crowther, p. 1.
110
37.
38.
39.
"First Brick Building," The Salina Journal, 22 Dec. 1914.
Code of Salina, Ordinance nos. 72,9 May 1872; 144, 1885, and
164, 1875.
IIWi11 Not Return: Just Simply a Synopsis of Our Everyday Work
Since the 1st of January, and Our Neighbors Can't Beat It,"
The Salina Journal, ,1887.
Norb Skelley, "With the Razing of the Parrish, Another Salina
Landmark to Vanish,1I The Salina Journal, ,19
The Salina Journal, 14 March 1876. ------
"Salina As a Supply Point," The Salina Journal, -' 1877.
Bramwell, p. 173.
Daily Catholic Bazar, Salina, Kansas, 5 Jan. 1887.
Ibid and see Warranty Deed notes in file for 746 S. Santa Fe Ave.
Ibi d and The Sa 1 i na Journal, 18 March 1886; "Wil 1 Not Return,"
The Salina Journal, , 1887; and, "Salina in 1887," The Salina
Journal, , 1887. -
The Sa 1 i naJourna 1 , , 1887.
"Growth of the City,ïï"""[ity of Salina Financial Report, Dept. of
Finance, FYE 31 Dec. 1971, p. 20.
Bramwell, p. 168, as quoting Frank Hageman.
Steve Reed,"A Brief History of the Econo-Flo Mill Complex," May
1984.
Bramwell, p. 207.
Crowther, p. 60.
Caidin Martin, Air Force: A Pictorial Histor of American Air ower.
(New York: Bramwell House, 1957 , pp. 124-5.
"Paving Santa Fe Ave.," The Salina Journal, ,1976.
"Shaver Draws Plans for All Types Buildings,ilfhe Salina Journal,
31 Aug. 1922.
"Two Story Block North Santa Fe," The Salina Journal, 9 May 1916.
"Salina Masons and the Temple Room," The Salina Journal, 17 June
1984, p. 3.
"The Comfortable House," The Old-House Journal. Vol. X, No.1,
Jan. 1982, p. 1.
"Highlights of Salina's Early History," The Railroader, May, 1946,
p. 17.
40.
4l.
42.
43.
44.
45.
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48.
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50.
5l.
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57.
58.
59.
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CHAPTER
4 -
R E COM MEN D A T ION S
. INTRODUCTION
. HERITAGE COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS
. PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY
. PRIVATE RESPONSIBILITY
. SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS
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INTRODUCTION
It takes courage, vision, and planning to translate conservation
goals into conservation practice. Public and private support and civic
commitment are a sound springboard, but regulation in any form inevitably
carries with it frustrations and trade offs. In the case of heritage
preservation, the trade off is clear: either enforce a regulatory frame-
work (and accept an occasional inconsistency in judgment) or risk chaotic
growth and the loss of more irreplaceable historic resources.
Without even asking, first-time visitors to Salina are predictably
informed by their resident host about three local features that distinguish
it:
1 )
The Cozy Inn - an authentic, completely original
60-year old hamburger stand, always referred to
with amusement, pride and fondness;
The lamentation, "You should have seen what 'they'
tore down when 'they. put in the Sears Center,"
and the accompanying drive down South Santa Fe
to see the oldest homes that remain;
A drive down South Eighth Street heading south toward
the IIPrescott House" then to East Iron Ave. to see
the "Old Schwartz House," the two National Register
of Historic Places properties in town.
2)
3)
That all three of the above features pridefully or regretfully refer to
significant architectural resources is a very positive reflection that a
sincere, if often times hidden, wish exists to conserve the character and
ambience of Salina's neighborhoods and commercial areas. It is what we
are proud enough of to show off.
The challenge in regulating is to:
foster better direct citizen input and encourage the
celebration of our heritage;
increase the expertise of those who sit on the commission;
ride the razor's edge between growth and conservation; and,
find a way to meet the needs of the property owner without
trampling owners' rights.
For the enjoyment of future generations, these objectives can be met by
encouraging selfless commitment to the conservation of Salina's heritage,
now that its becoming more clearly defined.
1 )
2)
3)
4)
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There are three components to preservation that need to be untangled,
analyzed, and substantiated for each significant resource:
1) Conservation the husbanding and recycling of physical
resources.
3)
Historicism -
the beauty of old structures and environ-
ments that make people feel good, improving
their quality of life.
The retention of old buildings because they
are old or associated with an historical
event or person.
2)
Aesthetics
By far, out of the above items, conservation is the key to the rationale
for preservation. In this era of scarcity of raw materials, conservation is
in harmony with the basic direction of world economics. At a time when
mortgage rates are 15% and 40% of a familyls income is spent on a house pay-
ment or rent, young couples are beginning to discover the sound economic
move to buy a house with potential and "fix it Up.1I For the first time in
50 years, the percentage of home ownership is decreasing and the banks are
generally not able to offer house mortgage options as they could in the past.
Conservation is quickly becoming a preferred option to overcome the economic
strains of our day. Older homes are so highly preferred in California that
the more affluent homebuyers there are lining up for new Victorian houses 1
to the tune of 600 per week. They sell from between $240,000 to $265,000.
According to studies sited by the National Trust for Historic Preser-
vation, 8 building bricks contain the energy equivalent of a gallon of gasoline.2
Conservation requires less capital and materials while employing more people.
The cost of rehabilitating old structures generally runs 25-33% less than com-
parable new construction. "Rehabil itation creates 2 to 5 times as many jobs
and consumes 20% less energy than new construction~" according to one specialist.3
An active program for Salina should provide a more clearly iclentified
cultural and community identity by asserting the values of historic buildings,
as well as their energy source, increased employment potential, and land use
efficiency. .
The recommendations that follow are based upon proven conservation techniques
and the organized information and results of this survey. They are intended to
provide a conservation plan so that leaders and residents alike are better able
to resolve the difficult choices inherent in historic preservation situations.
The U.S.
l"California Homebuyers Lining Up,1I N.Y. News Service, ,1982.
211Saying Its Old Is Not Enough,1I Old-House Journal, Oct~980, p. 132.
3Thomas O. Bever, "The Economic Benefits of Historic Preservation,"
Dept. of the Interior, May 1978, pp. 2-3. As cited by Dale Nimz.
.
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HERITAGE COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS
Salina is quite fortunate and progressive to have a Heritage Commission
structure, Heritage Conservation Ordinance, the Salina Conservation Plan of
1983, and the Heritage Commission By-Laws. The November 16,1979 Heritage
Conservation Ordinance and the Salina Conservation Plan of 1983 are quite
sufficient in their current form to accommodate Salina IS preservation needs.
Salina Heritage Commission has completed many necessary steps in
five years to secure the ability, information system, and confidence
to actively perform its two primary functions:
1) the arduous task of considering resources and
districts for local heritage conservation
designation status; and,
2) preservation advising.
This survey is intended to offer you the information system and summary
information in the form of a data base and to reassess what you've done,
where you are, and where your1re headed, to say it simply. A dynamic
information system is now in full operation that houses the accumulation
of important information, including expert documentation, about any given
significant property. The system is now capable of providing the backup
and rationale to immediately begin the process of considering specific
resources for conservation designation recommendations to the City Commission.
The following recommendations may facilitate the efficient undertaking of
this function:
The
the last
to begin
1) . ~~rite down a set of written internal procedures (mechanics t
paper flow, site inspections, "In Process Checklist,1I etc.). Keep these pro-
cedures in a notebook labeled "Heritage Commission Internal Procedures Manual."
Add to and revise as you learn what works and what doesn't work from experience.
2) Define concept of a "district" by using the standards for the
National Register of Historic Places as a model. It may not need changing.
Once a concensus is reached, this definition becomes a part of your internal
procedures and should be added to the IIProcedures Manual" under section "Criterion."
3) Set concrete goals and sub-goals, short-term goals and long-term
goals. (See recommended timetable at end of this section.) Change as necessary.
4) Begin assigning site inspections to committee members, beginning
with the most historically significant, non-controversial resources (see
prioritized list in IISurvey Overview" chapter, "Summaryll section).
5) Begin publicizing which structures you intend to start with and
make an effort to acquire public support, group supportt etc.
6) Become familiar with the protocol of the City Commission meetings
by attending periodically.
7) Prepare the necessary form letters to be sent to the affected
property owners, establishing a rationale for landmark status, why the Committee
is considering their propertYt and what that means to him or her. This form
letter becomes part of the internal procedures and added to the IIProcedures
Manual.)
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8) Become familiar with any official city plans that could help
form an idea of future building trends for the city. Always relate city plans
to the Salina Conservation Plan of 1983.
9) Familiarize yourselves with the Historic Resource
system that is currently kept in the Planning Department. Make
you always have priority and access to that information system.
is the foundation for the work you have ahead of you.
10) Encourage significant resource property owners to ask the Heritage
Commission for local heritage conservation zoning.
11) Conduct site inspections and procedural-related business informally
between official committee meetings. Assign tasks to committees as necessary
to perform the procedures and then approve the results of the ad hoc committees
in official meetings. This will require an extra outside effort for a short
while until the procedures are outlined and approved by all members.
Another primary function of the Heritage Commission is to formally
provide advisement statements regarding the conservation of Salina's heritage,
provided in the HC Ordinance, sec. 42-471 as follows:
. . . The Commission shall also advise the
board of commissioners and other groups concerning
presentation of the cityls historical and cultural
heritage.
Consideration of a formal statement should be proposed each time it appears
that Salina's heritage is not properly handled, according to the Salina
Conservation Plan of 1983 goals and objectives. The formal statement could
be in the form of a resolution.
Survey fil e
certain that
The system
Secondary Activities or Standard Operating Procedures
Internal Activities:
. Set up internal procedures that insure the strict enforcement of
the attendance clause in the Heritage Commission By Laws (6 Feb. 1980, Article
III, Section 5): (a form letter is available from the City Planning Director)
The Commission shall recommend to the City
Commission replacement of any member who has three
(3) consecutive absences from regular meetings.
'Establish written internal criteria that deal with the following
issues (place in "Procedures Manual" for each member):
1) Copies of training and references materials:
a) HC Ordinance and HC By Laws
b) Salina Conservation Plan of 1983
c) Historic Resources Survey - Parts I & II
d) Particularly relevant copies of Minutes that explain
a bit about the history of the Committee & Ordinance.
e) Any other similar types of materials.
2) New-member selection criterion -- must insure that each
member is committed to heritage conservation and that
there exists no conflict of interest.
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3) Chairperson should maintain a list of potential members.
4) All "Procedures Manuals" should be passed on from old
members to incoming new members.
5) Copies of architecturally-related educational handouts.
'Chairperson should routinely (monthly) be sent a financial accounting
and progress reports of any grant funds that are being administered by another
group other than the Heritage Commission itself.
'Review all job applications, consultant proposals, etc. and related
materials in order to actively participate in the interviewing and decision-
making processes that have a direct bearing on heritage conservation.
.Establish and maintain relations with similar groups in other
communities, and with the Kansas Historic Preservation Department, State Historic
Preservation Officer, the National Park Service, and other federal and state
agencies. Whoever is in contact with these groups should routinely report
significant information to the Committee.
.Continue to build up the library of architectural history and
historic preservation. Salina is extremely deficient in this area. Once
publications and newsletters are received, all members should be given copies
of newsletters and put on a route slip for books immediately upon arrival
into the Planning Department office.
'All current members and subsequent members should try to be
well informed on national preservation issues. This can be accomplished by
joining the National Trust for Historic Preservation ($15 membership fee).
The Kansas Preservation Alliance is another state-wide group to consider. The
Planning Department is already a member of: .
-The Landmark and Historic District Commissions group
-The National Alliance of Preservation Commissions
All of the above memberships issue journals or newsletters that are filled with
critical knowledge about issues of direct concern to Salina's conservation
efforts.
External Activities:
'Recognition of individual, corporate, and institutional efforts to
conserve historic resources (awards and publicity).
'Recognition of individual historic resources (plaques for those that
are extremely significant; tin plates to mark other designated structures similar
to those blue plates used in Wichita).
'Communication with local organizations, such as schools, churches,
financial institutions, developers, salvage operators, contractors/builders;
realtors, unions, other civic groups, etc.
~Seek grant sources or contributions for establishing your revolving
fund.
'Establish and maintain a relation, but remain a separate entity
from, with representatives of established local groups with related interests,
such as the Saline County Historical Society, the Arts Commission, and the
Genealogical Society.
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'Perform public services such as:
1) directing residents to proper source materials and/or
persons that request help with revitalization of a
resource;
2) identifying salvageable materials from structures
slated for demolition.
.Promote public education programs through:
1) working with the Arts Commission, the PTA, and the
Board of Education;
2) uncovering funding sources for publishing a compilation
of survey results from this project. Many fine examples
exist from other surveyed towns: Little Rock, Ark.;
Douglas County Kansas; Newton, Kansas, etc. Such a book
could be considered a sequel to As We Were with a suggested
title of As We Are: Salina's Historical Built Environment.
'Continue publicity efforts to establish and maintain a positive
community identity.
'The next Historic Preservation Department, Kansas State Historical
Society grants applied for should be to subsidize a major publication on
Salina's existing resources, as mentioned above.
'Institute a continuing education program for members by:
1) distribution of pertinent newsletters to each member
on a timely basis; ----
2) distribute architectural style information at every meeting;
3) may wish to set aside 10-15 minutes of each meeting to
discuss architectural history and styles.
'Assist with State and National Register requests.
'Actively and formally encourage the administrator of the proposed
Historical Museum to establish a permanent archive in which the Heritage
Commission could deposit artifacts and the Resource Information System, if
a high degree of accessibility and maintenance can be secured.
'Consider adoption of a formal statement regarding the Commission's
recommendation that the City Planning and Community Development maintain an
Assistant City Planning Director on staff that has preservation-planning
knowledge or experience~ by specific job description.
SUGGESTED GOALS:
Short Term Goal: Recommend at least 10 resources and one district
to the board of commissioners by March 31,1985.
Sub Goals: Review 5 resources per month.
Finalize internal procedures by: September 30,1984.
Choose one of the most historical, non-controversial resources
to recommend as the first HC property. Try to have final
approval of board of commissioners by November 31, 1984.
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PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY
The City of Salina should recognize and commit themselves to the conser-
vation of historic resources as a policy and planning priority. Fulfilling
this responsibility could be done by:
1) Applying the Salina Conservation Plan of 1983 when policy and
planning activities could affect the integrity of historic resources;
2) Consider and apply advice and recommendations on questions and
considerations relating to historic resources;
3) Coordinating the activities of the Heritage Commission with other city-
appointed boards and commissions (Salina Arts Commission, any form of visitors
bureau, etc.)
4) Reviewing the goals and procedures of municipal departments (public
works, planning, community development, parks, recreation, housing authority,
building inspection, etc.) to insure consistency with conservation objectives.
5) Seeking further grants to fund specific projects relating to historic
resource conservation goals.
6) Cooperating with private initiatives and associations related to
architectural and historic interests.
7) Always try to seek planning personnel that have Preservation Planning
knowledge and understanding.
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PRIVATE RESPONSIBILITY
A private, permanent architectural interest group (perhaps called the
IIFriends of Salina Architecturell) could be organized to promote education,
observe trends for the public interest, provide a source for public expression
of ideas to the Heritage Commission without censorship, organize any neighbor-
hood activities, etc. Such a group could provide a vehicle for the exchange
of information and experience related to local history and architecture,
rehabilitation, restoration and building maintenance, etc. The group should
be associated with other local and state interest groups -- Saline County
Historical Society, Kansas Preservation Alliance, etc. Such a group could
support small-scale efforts towards conservation and provide advice for
large-scale commercial and institutional projects.
Activities which
could be initiated by this group include:
Promotion and tourism
Walking tours (self-guided or guided)
Open house tours
Public school programs
Workshops on economic benefits, local history,
styles of Salina, adaptive re-use techniques, etc.
with guest speakers
Publication of newsletters, maps, guidebooks, newspaper
articles, etc.
. Lega 1 funds
Assist in soliciting for revolving funds for Heritage
Commission official activities
Promote proper information on elements that homeowners
can do to increase the beauty of the city by:
a) encouraging street-side tree plantings;
b) discourage use of destructive types of
substitute siding;
c) encourage construction of wooden fences; etc.
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SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS
Boundaries
Careful attention to boundaries is necessary to relieve any possible
encroachment on existing neighborhoods. Encourage the intense, diversified
use of property in the central business district, including upper stories, as
opposed to new constructions on the periphery. Clear boundaries between
commercial and residential, historic, and modern development support property
values and result in a more attractive streetscape.
River and Bridges
Many studies, near actions, and campaigns have focused efforts into
transforming that portion of the Smoky Hill River that meanders through the
town from an eyesore to a civic attraction. Sadly, Salina is a river city
without a river.
The river's former main channel became little more than a sluggish stream
that is filling shut by silt. This process began in the early 1960s after the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed work on the flood dike system that sur-
rounds the city and cut off the main channel in East Salina. The purpose of
the system was to protect the city from destructive floods like the six major
overflows that had inundated the city between 1895 and 1957.
It is difficult to imagine now that in 1880 A. H. Campbell navigated
his steamer, "Belle of Salina," on the same channel. The revitalization of the
river would not only make possible again the beauty and fun associated with
a city waterway, but as the Salina Board of Realtors recognized in 1971, it
could also enhance the town's future.
Today, the issue seems to be a politically dead one, presumably because
the cost of such a river revitalization program is restrictive and of low
priority. But the issue is a very live one among local residents. Many locals
recall a time when boating in the park was a viable activity, as recently as
1967. It is for this reason that the issue should remain open -- the potential
still exists for future Salinans to develop, possibly by new technology or
new money. Consequently, relevant permanent constructions such as new bridges,
~oadways, and adjacent development should be engineered to accommodate a water
flow in the Old Smoky Hill River Channel. This should apply to the proposed
Iron Avenue Bridge construction originally due to commence this year, 1984.
Adaptive Re-Use
Even if a building is designated as a local, state or national landmark,
it would still be necessary to give the building a practical purpose. There
124
are many large buildings in excellent locations in Salina that are parti-
cularly well suited for adaptive re-use. One such building that was recently
adapted was the old car garage in the 200 block of North Santa Fe Ave. Many
would qualify under the Preservation Federal Regulations for valuable tax
advantages, if the property was locally designated (refer to Old-House Journal,
June 1984). These properties could potentially qualify for certification for
tax incentives if the project complies with the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic
Buildings. Even though current ownership may prevent immediate action, one
such potential resource is the Swift Building at 211 E. Elm St., directly
across the street from the site of the new post office and other recently
proposed development. The location of this building is strategic for
office space, medical services, etc. -- a creative developer could establish
a historic as well as attractive asset to Salina's business community.
Both train depots are also ideally suited for commercial re-use, if private
ownership can be obtained. Such imaginative, creative ideas involving
public and private investment should be encouraged and promoted.
Districts
There are at least three obvious areas that appear to be eligible for
local historic district designation (refer to the National Register criterion
a model plan for heritage districts such as the one used by the Wichita
preservation commission):
1) Santa Fe Avenue Historic District - the area from Elm Street
to Bond Street, consisting of two distinct historic sections, along what was
a former branch trail of the Santa Fe Trail.
a) The Central Business District - primarily a 2-block area
of 100 blocks of North and South Santa Fe Avenue. Like in
other towns that still posess them, the most important and
complex historic resources in Salina are in this area. Main
street complexes qualify under the old adage that lithe whole
is equal to more than the sum of its parts." And so it is that
not only the significant buildings are worthy of attention,
but the simpler buildings which define a context are equally
significant. As the focal point of commerce, significant
Main Street buildings such as the Paris Plus, the Watson
Theatre, the Kress Building, etc. project a tradition since
Salina's inception. Other buildings posess a range of
qualities, potential and integrity. There are 56 buildings.
b) The 600 and 700 blocks of South Santa Fe Avenue. Thi~ is the
location of the greatest concentration of larger Victorian-
era residences, of which at least three are of potential State
or National Register material. Ten structures on these two
blocks were determined through this survey to be individually
significant resources.
2) Country Club Heights District - This 1927 restricted develop-
ment area still posesses its original grandeur. The total environment concept of
.- '.
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Charles Shaver has produced the nucleus for the most exclusive area in
Salina.
3) South Tenth Street District This 100 block of South Tenth
Street displays the first completely bricked street laid in Salina in ì905.
It is complete with chiseled limestone curbs intact and no asphalt on any
of the brick surface. Combined with at least eight significant resources,
the integrity of this block is probably the most aesthetically unified
area in the city.
Stabilization Attention Needed (common technique used to aid restoration efforts -
see "Glossary")
1) The Garlitz Carpenter Shop, 205 N. Front St., built in 1860, by far
the oldest and most historically important resource in Salina, is in dire need
of immediate stabilization to prevent further deterioration. The opinion of an
architect, familiar with the sensitive nature of restoration and rehabilitation
work, should b€ solicited, funding sources explored, and action taken as soon
as possible. The loss of this structure to decay would be the complete and
mournful disappearance of "Old Salina" -- a former way of life, the shoulders
upon which all Salinans stand.
A total rehabilitation may be necessary to revitalize this building, but,
again, future generations may well appreciate having its remains to honor. The
old main street at Dodge City (buildings probably interpretive reconstructions)
and Cowtown in Wichita are splendid examples of current trends to preserve
this type of frontier building.
2) King Gymnasium - The old gym on the Kansas Wesleyan University
campus should be routinely inspected by an expert to insure that it is
stabalized well enough to prevent further deterioration. Again, the roof and
window openings are critical -- they should not be allowed to let in moisture
or animals. This resource also fulfills the criterion for the State Register.
Main Street Revitalization
Future plans to revitalize Salina's central retail business district
should include the widest possible range of acceptable conservation elements.
The local designation of some commercial buildings or district may qualify
a few Main Street resources for certification for tax benefits that would
aid revitalization efforts.
As Agricultural Under-Secretary, Frank W. Naylor, Jr. said, "Main Street
is more than a fond image of the past. It is a vision of the future as well,
providing new jobs while preserving the heart and-soul of rural America."
This statement refers to the longitudinal success of 30 model towns that were
chosen by the National Main Street Center revitalization program of the
National Trust for Historic Preservation (refer to Heritage Commission Minutes
dated February 29,1984). The National Trust/Agricultural Department/National
Endowment of the Arts collaboration is in the process of developing educational
materials to help distribute vital summary data and information about the
126
dynamic successes of their Main Street revitalization 4-point program.
Their goal is to help revive the social, historical, economical, and
architectural fabric of central retail districts -- a problem shared by
most central business districts across the country as the urban shopping-
mall phenomenon continues to sap the strength of Main Street merchants.
The Heritage Commission should consider formally adopting the National Trust's
National Main Street Center program as their officially recommended approach
to future central business district revitalization programs. This could be
accomplished through a Commission resolution. Adaptations may be required
to suit the specific needs of Salina -- in essence, you should make an effort
to adopt your own Main Street Program. Discuss this with the State Historic
Preservation Officer to make certain that it coincides with the State
Main Street Program that will be eventually adopted.
Although the past may not repeat itself,-
it does rhyme.
--Mark TùJain
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127
A P PEN DIe E S
Salina Heritage Conservation Ordinance
Salina, Kansas Heritage Conservation Plan - 1983
Salina, Kansas Historic Resource Survey Forms
Kansas Preservation Plan, Historic Preservation Dept.,
Kansas State Historical Society
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129
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. 26 Nov. ¡ '?79
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SAUNA CODE
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ARTICLE IX. HERITAGE
CONSERVATION DISTRICT
DIVISION 1. GENERALLY
Sec. 42-456. Purpose.
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The heritage conservation district is designated
to be used in conjunction with any existing zon-
ing district. The purposes of this district are:
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(1) To safeguard the city's historic and cultural
heritage;
(2) To protect and enhance historic landmarks
which represent distinctive and important el-
ements of the city's cultural, social, econom-
ic, political, natural, archaeological and/or archi-
tectural history;
(3) To stabilize and improve values in areas hav-
ing culturally, socially, economically, politi-
cally, naturally, archaeologically, and/or
architecturally significant properties, (Code
1966, § 36-8AOO)
Sec. 42-457. Permitted uses.
All permitted and conditional uses in the un-
derlying district and all other requirements of
that zoning district shall apply. (Code 1966, §
36-8AOl)
Sec. 42-458. Heritage conservation plan.
(a) The heritage commission shall thoroughly
familiarize itself with the buildings, structures,
lands, areas' and districts within the city which
may be eligible for designation as heritage land-
marks. Upon completion of such study by the her-
itage commission, a heritage conservation plan
shall be prepared.
(b) The heritage conservation plan shall address
the following items:
( 1) Inventory buildings, structures, lands and areas
of historical, architectural, archaeological or
cultural value, along with statements of fact
which verify their significance;
(2) Evaluate all districts against the criteria uti-
lized in the National Register of Historic Plac-
es. Properties in those districts which meet
the National Register Criteria shall carry the
zoning designation "HC-NR" (Heritage Con-
servation.National Register), Properties con-
tained in districts which could qualify for in-
centives under the Tax Reform Act of 1976
shall utilize the criteria designated by the
act;
(3) Identify criteria to be used in determinin?;
whether certain buildings, structures, lands,
areas and districts should be designated as
2528
130
ZONING REGULATIONS
§ 42.458
historic landmarks, employing in the criteria
consideration of integrity of location, design,
setting, materials, workmanship and historic
association. Cemeteries, birthplaces or graves
of historical significance, strUctures which have
been moved from their original locations, re-
constructed historic buildings, properties pri-
marily commemorative in nature and prop-
erties which have achieved significance within
the past fifty (50) years shall not be consid-
ered eligible, unless they are integral parts
of districts which do meet the criteria to be
established in the heritage conservation plan,
or if they fall in the following special categories:
a. A religious property deriving primary sig-
nificance from architectural or artistic
distinction or historical importance; or
b, A building or structure removed from its
original location but which is significant
primarily for architectural value, and/or
association with a historic person or event;
or
c.
A birthplace or grave of a historical fig-
ure of outstanding importance if there is
no other appropriate site or building di-
rectly associated with his productive life;
or
d.
A cemetery which derives its primary
significance from graves of persons of tran-
scendent importance, from age, from dis-
tinctive design features, or from associa-
tion with historic event; or
A reconstructed building when accurately
executed in a suitable environment and
presented in a suitable environment and
presented in a dignified manner as a part
of the heritage conservation plan, and
when no other building or structure with
the same association has survived; or
e,
f.
A property primarily commemorative in
interest if design, age, tradition or sym-
bolic value has invested it with its own
historical significance; or
A property achieving significance within
the past fifty (50) years if it is of excep-
tional importance.
g.
(4) Identify guidelines to be used in the deter-
mination of whether to grant or deny certifi-
cates of appropriateness (see section 42-460)
for proposed alterations to the exterior of a
designated historic landmark;
(5) Formulate criteria to be utilized in the selec.
tion and evaluation of work to be done on
natural sites;
(6) Formulate a program for private and public
action which will state the role of various
city agencies in the conservation and resto-
ration activities and for acquisitions, This pro.
gram is to include federal, state, municipal,
private and foundation activities and fund-
ing sources;
(7) Recommend incentives for heritage conserva-
tion to the board of commissioners.
(c) The heritage conservation plan and any sub-
sequent amendments shall be presented to the
planning commission for inclusion in the compre-
hensive plan for informational purposes.
(d) The heritage commission shall, through the
heritage conservation plan, recommend to the board
of commissioners that certain buildings, structures,
land areas and/or districts in the city be desig-
nated a heritage conservation landmark. A two-
thirds majority vote of the heritage commission
shall be necessary to recommend designation of a
structure or property as a heritage landmark. Des.
ignation as a heritage landmark may be either at
the property owner's request or the designation
may be recommended for placement on the prop-
erty without consent provided that the property
owners were notified and given an opportunity to
comment thirty (30) days in advance of the heri-
tage conservation hearing. The recommendation
shall include:
(1) A legal description of those properties to be
designated;
(2) Identification of historic materials and/or fea-
tures important to the preservation of the
premises within the designated building, struc-
tures, land areas and/or districts.
(e) If the heritage commission finds that cer.
tain buildings, structures, land areas or districts
2529
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§ 42-458
131
SALINA CODE
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cannot be pre::i>.rved without acquisition, a rec-
ommendation shall be made to the board of com-
missioners that fee title or lesser interest in the
property be acquired by gift or purchase, using
funds or facilities available for preservation or
restoration.
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(f) If the heritage commission finds that cer.
tain buildings, structures, or land cannot be pre-
served without a change in use, a recommenda-
tion shall be made to the planning commission or
the board of zoning appeals, whichever is appro-
priate,
(g) Annually, the heritage commission shall re-
view the status of the designated heritage land.
marks and/or district and include, in the heritage
commission minutes, a report of such review. Said
report shall be submitted to the board of commis-
sioners within thirty (30) days of its completion,
(Code 1966, § 36.8AOÎ)
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Sec. 42-459. Public hearing.
(a) Generally. The heritage commission shall
hold a public hearing on each tract to be desig-
nated as a heritage conservation landmark at a
reasonable time and place as established by the
heritage commission, It shall hold such hearing
within forty-five (45) days from the date the ap.
plication is filed or within thirty (30) days from
the notification of the property owner of the pro-
ceedings in effect.
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(h) Notice of hearing, The heritage commission
shall hold at least one public hearing on the pro-
posed designation, twenty (20) days notice of which
shall be published in the official city newspaper
stating the date, time and place of the hearing,
and containing a statement regarding the proposed
amendments. The heritage commission shall also
mail a written notice of the public hearing, con-
taining the same information as the published
notice to the owners of all property within two
hundred (200) feet of the boundaries of the tract
at least twenty (20) days prior to the hearing.
From time to time, as provided by its rules, the
heritage commission may give such additional
notice to other persons as it desires,
(c) Conduct of hearing, The hearing shall be
conducted and a record of the proceedings shall
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be preserved and filed in the office of the city
clerk, Any person or party may appear and be
heard at the hearing in person, by agent, or by
attorney. The heritage commission may request a
report from any government official or agency or
any other person, firm or corporation. If such re-
port is made, a copy thereof shall be made avail-
able in the office of the heritage commission to
the owner of the affected property and any other
interested person. (Code 1966, § 36.8A08)
Sec. 42-460. Certificate of appropriateness
review.
(a) No work for which a building permit is nec.
essary shall commence which would alter the in.
tegrity of any portion of a designated heritage
landmark controlled by the heritage conservation
plan until such time as a certificate of appropri.
ateness has been issued by the heritage commis-
sion. Owners of designated heritage landmarks
are encouraged to contact the heritage commis-
sion prior to commencing any work on the exte.
rior of designated landmarks. In any emergency
situation the secretary of the heritage commis-
sion shall be empowered to authorize emergency
repairs to a designated heritage landmark with-
out the authorization of the heritage commission,
(h) Design standards for exterior alterations of
existing heritage landmarks shall be "The Secre-
tary of Interior's Standards for Historic Preserva-
tion Projects."
(c) When applying for such a certificate, the
applicant shall forward copies of all detailed plans,
elevations, perspectives, specifications and/or other
documents pertaining to the work to the heritage
commission. The secretary of the heritage commis-
sion shall then distribute the plans to and solicit
comments from any city departments, organiza-
tions or companies affected.
(d) The deadline for filing of certificates of ap-
propriateness shall be fourteen (14) days prior to
the public meeting at which the heritage com-
mission shall consider the application.
(e) Upon review of the application, the heritage
commission shall determine whether the proposed
work is in compliance with the heritage conser-
vation plan and if the proposed work will adversely
2530
132
ZONING REGULATIONS
affect any historical. architectural. archaeologi-
calor cultural feature of the heritage landmark,
The heritage commission shall also determine if
the proposed work is appropriate and consistent
with the spirit and intent of this article. The heri-
tage commission shall approve or disapprove the
application within forty-five (45) days of the first
meeting at which the application was considered.
The secretary of the heritage commission shall
immediately notify the applicant and the build-
ing official of the heritage commission's action
and if warranted issue a certificate of appropri-
ateness to the building official with a copy to the'
applicant.
(fì If the heritage commission votes to deny the
application for a certificate of appropriateness,
the applicant shall have the right to appeal their
decision to the board of commissioners, The ap-
plicant shall have a maximum of fourteen (14)
days to file the appeal. The board of commission-
ers shall then, through the secretary of the heri-
tage commission, contact the state historic pres-
ervation officer and obtain a written report from
him on the effect of the issuance of a certificate of
appropriateness for the work proposed by the ap-
plicant on the historic integrity of the property or
structure. Within forty-five (45) days of the ap-
peal, the board of commissioners shall then make
a decision,
(g) If no action has been taken by the heritage
commission within said forty-five (45) days the
secretary of the heritage commission shall issue
upon demand a certificate of appropriateness to
the building official with a copy to the applicant,
(h) No major change shall be made in the pro-
posed work after the issuance of a certificate of
appropriateness without resubmittal to the heri-
tage commission, and approval thereof, in the same
manner as provided above, (Code 1966, § 36-8A09)
Sec. 42-461. Demolition or removal of heri-
tage landmark.
If the application is received by the building
official for the demolition or removal of any des-
ignated heritage landmark, the heritage commis-
sion shall hold a public hearing within forty-five
(45) days after the application is originally filed
to determine the appropriateness of the demoli-
§ 42-471
tion, and a recommendation forwarded to the board
of commissioners, Notice of the public hearing
shall be placed in the official city newspaper at
least ten (10) days prior to the public hearing.
The heritage commission shall consider the state
of repair of the building, the reasonableness of
the cost of restoration, taking into account the
purpose of preserving the designated heritage land-
mark, the character of the neighborhood and all
other factors which it finds appropriate. Theheri-
tage commission may determine that, in the in-
terest of preserving historical values, the struc-
ture should not be demolished or removed and, in
that event, the application be suspended for a
period of ninety (90) days. This period of time
shall be utilized to attempt to reach a compro-
mise which would allow the structure to remain
intact and may not be reduced, Within the sus-
pension period, upon advice of the heritage com-
mission, after notice to the applicant, public hear-
ing and upon determination that there are rea-
sonable grounds for preservation, the board of
commissioners may extend the suspension period
for an additional period not to exceed ninety (90)
days. During the period of suspension of the ap-
plication, no permit shall be issued for such de-
molition or removal. nor shall any person demol-
ish or remove the building or structure. If no
action is taken by the board of commissioners
within two hundred twenty-five (225) days from
the date of application, the demolition permit shall
be issued upon demand and the buiÌding official
shall so advise the applicant. (Code 1966, § 36-8A10)
Sees. 42-462-42-470. Reserved.
DIVISION 2. HERITAGE COMMISSION*
Sec. 42-471. Created; purposes.
The heritage commission is hereby created, whose
purposes will be to inventory, promote, list, re-
cord, protect, preserve and enhance places, areas,
features or sites within the city that have special
significance in the architectural, archaeological,
cultural or historical sense, The commission shall
also advise the board of commissioners and other
groups concerning preservation of the city's his-
toric and cultural heritage. (Code 1966, § 36-8AO2)
-Cross references-Administration, Ch. 2; boards and com
missions generally. § 2-136 et seq.
2531
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§ 42-472
SAUNA CODE
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Sec. 42-472. Membership.
The heritage commission shall consist of seven
(7) members, all of whom must reside within the
city limits, to be appointed by the board of commis-
sioners. The membership of the commission shall
include, but not be limited to, one architect, one
member of the real estate profession, one city
planning commissioner, one representative of the
Saline County Historical Society, one trained his-
torian or archaeologist, if available, and two (2)
or three (3) other individuals that the board of
commissioners may wish to consider. (Code 1966,
§ 36-8AO3)
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Sec. 42-473. Terms of office.
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Appointments to the heritage commission shall
be for a term of three (3) years. Three (3) members
of the first commission shall serve for three (3)
years, two (2) members shall serve for. two (2)
years and two (2) members shall serve for one
year, Thereafter, all members shall serve for three
(3) years. (Code 1966, § 36-8AO4)
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Sec. 42-474. Compensation; expenses.
The members of the heritage commission shall
serve without compensation except for necessary
expenses sustained in carrying out their official
duties. Such expenses shall be paid by the city as
authorized by the board of commissioners. (Code
1966, § 36-8AO4)
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Sec. 42-475. Officers.
The heritage commission shall annually elect,
from its membership a chairman and vice<hairman,
whose terms of office shall be one year. The heri-
tage commission shall appoint a secretary from
the city planning department, who shall keep a
record of all minutes, resolutions and proceedings
and other actions of the commission. (Code 1966,
§ 36-8AO5)
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Sec. 42-476. Vacancies.
All vacancies on the heritage commission shall
be filled by the board of commissioners. (Code
1966, § 36-8AO5)
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Sec. 42-477. Quorum; voting; minutes.
The presence of four (4) members of the heri-
tage commission shall constitute a quorum, and
issues shall be decided by a majority vote of the
members present. The minutes of each meeting
shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. (Code
1966, § 36-8AO5)
See. 42-478. Financial support.
The heritage commission may accept donations,
grants and other financial assistance from any
public body or any agency, including but not lim-
ited to, the city, the county, the state, and any of
its agencies, and from any private individual or
groups for the purpose of carrying out the func-
tions, powers, and duties of the heritage commis-
sion, including property acquisition and renova-
tion. These funds shall be utilized exclusively for
heritage conservation purposes and shall be kept
in a separate account requiring heritage commis-
sion and city approval for utilization. The heri-
tage commission may, with the approval of the
board of commissioners, enter into agreements
and contracts with the public or private consult-
ants for the pw-pose of assisting the heritage com.
mission in carrying out its functions, duties and
powers, (Code 1966, § 36-8AO6)
Sees. 42-479-42-500. Reserved.
---
.Cross reference-Sign code, § 8.381 et seq.
2532
133
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PLANNING DEVELOPMENT SERVICES, INC.
625 1 st NATIONAL BANK BUILDING
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WICHITA, KANSAS 67202
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(316) 262-0451
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The preparation of this document
of a matching grant-in-aid from
age Conservation and Recreation
National Historic Preservat;o~ Act of 1966.
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has been funded with the assistance
the Department of The Interior, Herit- '
Service, under provisions of the
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136
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
THE NEED TO PRESERVE
---
Salina's historic resources include an impressive variety of architec-
tural styles and many other structural and non-structural artifacts
which serve as visual remnants of the past. They provide a physical
link to earlier periods of development and show how Salina's early resi-
dents lived and worked and how they built the community into what it is
today. '
There are many reasons for preserving our heritage. First of all, these
buildings and places were constructed by our predecessors as they built
this town and community. They are visible reminders of the joys and hard-
ships of settling our city. Second, in most cases these buildings repre-
sent a style which is no longer being constructed. They add detail, charm,
and excitement to our community at a time when plain and simple is the rule.
Third, most were well constructed. Replacement costs today are often
prohibitive when compared to rehabilitation. And fourth, they serve
as a lesson about building and about how our ancestors lived.
As Salina continues to grow in size and population, the appearance of
the city is gradually altered. New buildings and spaces are created,
sometimes at the expense of old ones. Although much of what is new may
also be "good", an architectural legacy cannot be created. By defini-
tion, that had to occur over time by earlier generations. More signi-
ficant, many earlier styles are no longer being produced because of
construction costs or changes in architectural taste. In addition,
historical structures provide valuable and desirable floor space that
frequently costs less to rehabilitate than to demolish and rebuild.
Preservation of our historic resources not only saves some of the
past but also adds to the future. The Heritage Commission was created
by Ordinance #8760 in November of 1979 by the Salina City Commission.
The ordinance caused the creation of a Heritage Conservation Commission
to advise the City Commission (generally) on matters of historical and
cultural conservation. This board is charged with the responsibility
of identifying buildings or sites of historic significance, the specific
features of the buildings or sites to be protected by the ordinance and
recommendation to the City Commission that they be designated "HC" -
Heritage Conservation. The Heritage Commission also reviews improvement
or repair work on designated Heritage Landmarks (either the entire
building or individual features of the building) requiring a building
permit and issues Certificates of Appropriateness on the proposed work.
The Heritage Commission has the power to delay demolition of a designated
Heritage Landmark in the hope that a compromise to preserve the structure
or site can be reached. This Commission is also empowered to accept and
spend funds from public or private agencies or individuals with City
Commission approval specifically to restore or purchase Heritage Landmarks.
Revised 6-16-82
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137
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Page 2
Recognizing a need for an objective basis for decision-making about
Salina's future land use and other issues, the Salina Heritage Commission
initiated an historic preservation study to inventory and analyze the
resources in the city that are significant. They selected Planning Develop-
ment Services, Inc. to assist the City in making a study within the approxi-
mate 1930 city limits. A concentrated area of study is illustrated as
the shaded area in the sketch on page 5. Approximately 100 structures were
selected for further research. . .
This research will give the Heritage Commission and the Planning and Com-
munity Development Department better insight into the substance of Salina's
history and help to establish a framework for future inventories of
structures, spaces, and districts. All of the criteria and survey forms
appear at the end of this section.
Principles of Historic Preservation
1. Historic preservation is an activity which has economic, social and
environmental benefits in the public interest.
2. It is generally more desirable to rèhabilitate a structure for re-use
than to demolish and reconstruct.
3. Local history is more effectively expressed and communicated when arti-
facts are preserved in their original context, location, condition, and
use.
4. Physical evidence of earlier periods of development should be preserved
for future generations.
5. Preservation of local historic resources is an accepted and desirable
function of government.
Based on these principles, the City of Salina, through the Salina Heritage
Commission, hereby adopts the following goal, with related objectives and
policies, which shall serve to guide the City Commission, Planning Commission,
and other public bodies in decisions regarding preservation issues:
HISTORIC PRESERVATION GOAL
TO IDENTIFY AND PRESERVE SIGNIFICANT HISTORIC RESOURCES IN SALINA
AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL. AND
AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL CITIZENS.
OBJECTIVE HPl Foster an awareness and appreciation of
Salina's historic resources by all age groups.
POLICY HPll The Salina School Systems shall be
encouraged to promote educational programs directed
Revised 6-16-82
138
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Page 3
at developing an understanding of Salina's historic
resources.
POLICY HP12 Promotion of the city should respect the
heritage of the community and express the value that
its residents place on historic preservation.
POLICY HP13 The recognition of early developers,
architects, and builders shall be given considera-
tion along with the structures and spaces that were
produced by them.
POLICY HP14 The Salina Public Library shall be devel-
oped as~important source of information about local
historic references.
.
OBJECTIVE HP2 Ensure the integrity of Salina's significant
historic rëšõurces in a manner consistent with existing state
and national standards, including the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for Rehabilition, to maximize the economic and altru-
istic benefits.
POLICY HP21 The Salina City Commission and Planning
Commission shall U$e as a guide the Secretary of the
Interior's Standards for Rehabilition in all matters
concerning historic resources which have been identified
as locally significant for preservation.
POLICY HP22 The City will assist, wherever possible,
any individual or group desiring to receive local, state,
or national registration for an historic landmark.
OBJECTIVE HP3
Maintain the diversity of styles in Salina.
POLICY HP31 The City shall encourage the re-use of
sound buildings as an alternative to new construction.
POLICY HP32 The appropriate renovation or adaptive
re-use of existing buildings, especially the removal
of facade coverings which are unsympathetic to the
historic nature of the structure, shall be encouraged
by the City.
POLICY HP33 The City of Salina will attempt to accom-
modate developers of historic structures who are unable
to conform to existing codes and ordinances.
OBJECTIVE HP4 Promote the use of private resources as a means
for restoring historically or architecturally valuable buildings
and sites.
Revised 6-16-82
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Page 4
POLICY HP41 The development of a site in a recognized
historic district or in the context of significant his-
toric resources shall conform to design criteria which
assure the continuation of a compatible environment.
POLICY HP42 The economic value of preservation of
histori~sources shall be taken into consideration
when decisions are made regarding the potential impact
of increased trade in the city.
OBJECTIVE HP5 Provide for the permanent protection of recognized
or potentiãïry significant archaeological sites.
POLICY HP51 Any activity which may threaten the satisfactory
investigation of archaeological sites should be delayed until
such investigation is completed, as determined by the Kansas
State Historical Society and the Salina Heritage Commission.
Revised 6-16-82
140
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D RELBnNARY SURVEY ¡ SUJ:;'V:::Y ~OR~~=
HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY - RECONNA.ISSANCE .. _. -'..
'Nhi te #1
STREET
Name
/ /
Block Even/Odd
, ADDRESS
PREVIOUS TYPE ARCHITECTUAL CONSTRUCTION REC. UNDER
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Total Eval. To 00
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(Record totals from above columns)
t""'
I Jta 1 Type Architecture Construction Dates Under Threat
::> :> I~ ~-
Bldq. I ù c: ~ -d ClJE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . ~ ..-
~o. of ClJ ~ t; .c:o 1.0 r-.. co 0'\ 0 ..- N ('I") ~ I.t') ClJ ...., ~ ClJ ~
Res(Bus/Ch Other ~ .,.. ClJ s.: O .¡..l u.. co 0'\ c: 0 c: .c: .¡..I
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S A L I N A
HER I TAG E
COM MIS S ION
SALINA,
K A N S A S
HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY
Photo lIes)
1. PREVIOUS INVENTORY PHOTO NUMBERS:
2. TYPE OF RESOURCE: (Functional)
3. ADDRESS:
4. LEGAL:
5. PRESENT OWNER:
ADDRESS:
6. ORIGINAL OWNER:
USE:
7. ACCESSIBILITY:
EXTERIOR VISIBLE FROM PUBLIC WAY?
INTERIOR ACCESSIBLE?
8. APPARENT CONDITION:
EXCELLENT (NO VISIBLE REPAIR WORK NEEDED)
GOOD (NO MAJOR REPAIRS, BUT MAINTENANCE NEEDED)-----
FAIR ( IN NEED OF REPAIRS)
DETERIORATED (IN NEED OF MAJOR REPAIRS)
RUINS
NO VISIBLE REMAINS
9. EXTERIOR MATERIALS:
NOT ORIGINAL MATERIALS:
10. DATE OF CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTED?
ARCHITECT / DESIGNER
DOCUMENTED?
BUILDER / CRAFTSMEN
Rev.
3/84
144
r
INVENTORY
PAGE 2
11. SIGNIFICANT EXTERIOR FEATURES (DOORWAYS, ROOF, FACADE, CORNICE,
...
FENESTRATION...)
.
..
,
12. SIGNIFICANT INTERIOR FEATURES (FIREPLACE, MANTELS, FLOORS, ORNAMENTAL
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MOLDINGS,
COUNTERS. . . )
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13. DEGREE OF ARCHITECTURAL/DESIGN INTEGRITY (AMOUNT OF ADDITION OR
ALTERNATION TO ORIGINAL DESIGN)
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14. SIGNIFICANT SITE FEATURES (PAVING, FENCES, WALLS, GATES, PLANT MATERIALS,
LANDSCAPE DESIGN, USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS...)
15. ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCE:
STYLE OR PERIOD
IS THIS A UNIQUE OR COMMON EXAMPLE OF THIS STYLE OR PERIOD IN SALINA
WORK OF NATIONALLY FAMIOUS ARCHITECT OR LOCAL ARCHITECT
Rev.
3/84
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INVENTORY
PAGE 3
15. (Cant' d)
LIST UNUSUAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, DESIGN, ORNAMENTATION, ETC.:
.
16. HISTORICAL RESOURCE:
ASSOCIATED WITH A SINGLE EVENT
ASSOCIATED WITH A RECURRING EVENT
ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT PERSONALITY
ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT MAJOR GROUP
17. CONTEXTURAL RESOURCE:
ENVIRONMENT:
DENSELY BUILT UP/
SCATTERED DEVELOPMENT/
OPEN
18. MATERIALS:
EXTERIOR:
BRICK
CONCRETE
METAL
COMPOSITION OR TILE
WOOD
STONE
19. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM:
WOOD FRAME WITH LIGHT MEMBERS NAILED IN PLACE
POST AND BEAM USING HEAVY TIMBERS
MASONRY LOAD-BEARING
Rev.
3/84
146
.-
INVENTORY
PAGE 4
19. (Cont'd)
IRON FRAME
IRON FRONT
, .
STEEL FRAME WITH CURTAIN WALLS
OTHER
20. NUMBER OF STORIES:
1
1~
2
3
3~
4
5
6
multi
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21. PORCHES:
LOCATION
22. CHIMNEY(S):
LOCATION
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23. ROOF:
CROSS GABLE MANSARD FLAT HIP f
TRUNCATED HIP GAMBREL SHED
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CRESTING OTHER I
OTHER: TOWERS CUPOLA METAL i
\...,'
24. DOCUMENTATION USED: COURT RECORDS COUNTY HISTORIES - ¡
GABLE
OLD PHOTOGRAPHS
NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS
CITY DIRECTORIES
MAPS, PLATS, ATLASES
OTHER:
25. RECORDER:
DATE:
NEXT LEVEL INVENTORY:
RECOMMENDED
NOT RECOMMENDED
Rev.
3/84
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26. PHOTOS OF RESOl~CE (AT LEAST TWO CONTACT PRINTS)
Frame(s)
Roll
147
INVENTORY
PAGE 5
" Rev.
3/84
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S A L I N A
S A L I N A ,
HER I TAG E
K A N S A S
COM MIS S ION
149
HISTORIC RESOURCES EVALUATION
# 3 -
1. INVENTORY # 1 -
AND # 2 -
2. RESOURCE
3. ADDRESS
4. STRUCTURES: (Buildings, Bridges, Gates, Etc.)
IS THIS AN IMPORTANT ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLE OF ITS PERIOD?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
IS THIS AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES?
WAS THIS DESIGNED BY AN IMPORTANT ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, OR BLDR? Yes/No/NA
NAME:
IS THIS AN UNUSUAL DESIGN?
IS THE INTERIOR ESPECIALLY NOTEWORTHY?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
IS THIS STRUCTURE AT LEAST 50 YEARS OLD?
Yes/No/NA
5. OTHER RESOURCES:
(i.e.-sculpture, landscape, railroad, etc.)
IS THIS AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE OF ITS PERIOD?
WAS THIS DESIGNED BY AN IMPORTANT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
IS THIS AN UNUSUAL RESOURCE WITHIN SALINA?
IS THIS RESOURCE AT LEAST 50 YEARS OLD?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
6. HISTORY:
IS THIS BUILDING/RESOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH A PERSON OF LOCAL,
REGIONAL, STATE OR NATIONAL IMPORTANCE?
Yes/No/NA
NAME:
IS THIS BUILDING/RESOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT EVENT
IN SALINA'S HISTORY?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
7. ARE LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN THIS RESOURCE?
If so, describe material, date of manufacture, company, etc,
EVALUATION
PAGE 2
8. ENV I RON~1ENT:
150
or
DOES THIS RESOURCE CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVER-ALL SURROUNDINGS?
IS THIS RESOURCE SITUATED CLOSE TO OTHER HISTORIC RESOURCES?
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
,
IS THIS RESOURCE UNIQUE WITHIN ITS IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS?
9. INTEGRITY:
Yes/No/NA
r
IS THIS RESOURCE ON ITS ORIGINAL SITE?
HAS THIS RESOURCE BEEN ALTERED?
J
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA f
Yes/No/NA
Yes/No/NA
HAVE THERE BEEN ADDITIONS TO THIS RESOURCE?
IS THIS RESOURCE IN GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION?
10. OVER-ALL RATING:
MAJOR IMPORTANCE: INDIVIDUALLY THE MOST SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES IN
THE SURVEY AREA BY VIRTUE OF THEIR ARCHITECTURE,
DESIGN, HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, OR RELATIONSHIP
TO THE ENVIRONMENT °
CONTEXTURAL IMPORTANCE: PROPERTIES WHICH ARE DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR
SCALE, Cor~POSITIONAL TREATMENT, DETAILS OR OTHER
FEATURES. THESE PROPERTIES ARE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBU-
TORS TO THE OVERALL CHARACTER OF THE AREA IN WHICH
THEY ARE LOCATED
MINOR OR NO IMPORTANCE: PROPERTIES WHICH ARE INSIGNIFICANT UNTO THEM-
SELVES AND MAKE NO POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE
CHARACTER OF THE COMMUNITY
11. COMMENTS:
12. EVALUATOR(S)
DATE:
Do\! 0/0')
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151
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:,- ans" 3 -.:: re s e rva t 10"1 -.:: 11"
---..... ..
KANSAS
PRESERVATION
URBAN STUDY UNI~ MANUAL
Prepared by the
Historic Preservation Department
Kansas State Historical Society
120 West 10th
Topeka, Kansas
August, 1983
PLAN
152 .
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INTRODUCTION
The Resource Protection Planning Process, known as RP3,
was developed by the National Park Service, Department of
the Interior, as a means by which historic resources could
þe efficiently identified, evaluated, and preserved. It
grew out of the increasing frustration engendered by
neverending statewide surveys and the lack of properly
evaluated survey materials. The shortcomings of the state
surveys made state and federal review processes very
difficult. Not enough material was readily available to
decide if a f~deral highway project, for example, would have
an impact on historic resources, or if a property proposed
for nomination to the National Register merited listing, and
if so, did it have local, state, or national significance.
The Resource Protection Planning Process is designed to
build on information that is already available and to be
easily accommodated to new material. It can be implemented
at the state and local levels, adjusting to th~ special
needs and concerns of each. One of its most important
aspects is its flexibility.
RP3 in Kansas is called simply the Kansas Preservation
Plan. The Kansas Preservation Plan consists of several main
parts called study units. The study units are
chronological, conceptual divisions of Kansas history.
Archeology in Kansas
The Settlement Period (1820's - 1880's)
The Period of Rural/Agricultural Dominance
(1865 - 1900)
A Time of Contrasts: Progress, Prosp~rity, and the
Great Depression (1893 - 1939)
The Recent Past (post 1939)
Urban Study Units
The Kansas Preservation Plan is meant to give
direction to local preservation efforts as well as to state
level projects. Each of the study units will, then, be a
concise, easy to read document that can be used by planners,
scholars, historical societies, county or city commissions,
and others who are interested in, or involved with, historic
resources. Each study unit will be kept in a looseleaf
binder at the Historic Preservation Department (HPD) so that
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153
revisions and additions can be made easily. Copies of these
study units will be distributed to interested parties as
they become available.
The Urban Study Unit in general consis~of five
sections: 1) an architectural-historical overview of the
community, 2) an analysis of available preservation data, 3)
a survey of histor~cal resources, 4) a summary of
historical resources based on the survey, and 5)
recommendations tor historic preservation.
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The Urban Study Unit has several purposes: to encourage
cities to tind and evaluate histor~c resources with the
assistance ot survey and planning grants from HPD, to enable
cities to preserve their historic resources through various
means, and to provide HPD with historic information and
survey result~ that can be used when studying the potential
impact of state or federal projects on historic properties
and as valuable background when reviewing submitted
nominations to the State and National Registers.
As has been demonstrated in the five pilot Urban Study
Units, each city's needs and capab~lities are different.
For that reason this manual is meant to be only a guide.
Each section of the Study Unit must be adapted to suit the
city in question. The time and effort expended on each of
the individual sections will depend on the expertise
available in the city, the broad preservation goals of the
city, and on the amount of money available for completing
the Study Unit.
SECTION I
The first section of the Urban Study Unit is an
hiStoric overview of the city. This is not told from the
traditional viewpoint of political or economic history, but
rather from an architectural and social viewpoint. It must
demonstrate the reasons the built environment of the city
developed as it did. It does not attempt to deal with the
specific histories of individual buildings but rather is
concerned with the general history of the structures of the
city--why various types of buildings were built, what the
building materials were, how the city acquired its overall
configuration, and so on. It discusses the intluence, for
example, of ethnic groups or the cattle industry or the
railroad on the town's buildings, monuments, and parks.
This historic overview must be written from information
gleaned trom contemporary resources. It cannot be written
from second or third hand accounts of events, or from local
lore. It should be as factual and straight-forward a
document as possible.
154
SECTION II
,
So as not to repeat work that has already been done,
one part of the Urban Study Unit entails gathering and
reviewing all available historic resource surveys, planning
studies that affect or include historic resources, Main
Street projects, development proposals, and so on. All of
these resources must be evaluated to determine what their
strengths and weaknesses are, and be used to determine what
gaps may exist in data that is vital to successful
preservation. wíth a-proper understanding of what work has
already been accomplished and what needs yet to be done, a
city can proceed with its preservation activities in an
efficient manner.
SECTION III
The survey is the basis for all preservation planning
and activities. It is vital that a city interested in
historic preservation know what resources it has at hand and
what condition those resources are in. This type of
information will enable city officials, local developers,
and concerned citizens to make rational decisions about what
should be preserved and how that preservation should be
accomplished.
There are many types of surveys and many ways of
carrying them out. Each has its advantages and
short-comings and must be adjusted to the situation at hand.
It is strongly recommended that surveys be conducted by
professionals who are able to make field judgments and
analyses that non-professionals would not be able to
perform. If a survey team is made up of volunteers,
should be supervised by a professional. If money is
available for a survey coordinator, the group should
closely with the Historic Preservation Department.
they
not
work
All surveys carried out in the state of Kans~s should
use the state inventory form. When completed properly, it
will provide information needed for evaluation of the
structure, its data can be entered onto the computerized
statewide inventory, and it can be used for planning and
review purposes at the local and state level.
Surveys should consist of three parts. Before any
field work is done, the surveyors should familiarize
themselves with the territory by reading local and county
histories, talking with local historians and historical
societies, reviewing old maps, plats, and photographs, and
so on. In cases where the historic overview discussed above
has been completed, surveyors should be able to glean the
information they need from that. The second step is the
actual survey. Armed with some knowledge of what they are
looking for and at, the surveyors are likely to be more
observant than they would be otherwise. The final step of
the survey is to evaluate what was found through the
fieldwork.
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The comprehensive survey is the most useful type of
survey. It is also the most expensive and the most
time-consuming. A comprehensive survey can be conducted in
a number of ways, depending on the goals of the survey. It
can be an inventory of all types of resources--
archeological, architectural, engineering, and natural;
can be an inventory of all architectural resources more
50 years old, or it can be more specitic yet and cover,
example, all bridges in Kansas constructed before 1932.
most broad-based of these comprehensive surveys is best
overall planning purposes.
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The second kind of survey is called a windshield
survey. This survey is seldom of any use by itself. It is
useful for becoming familiar with an area that is to be more
intensely surveyed or where spot surveys will be conducted.
The windshiel~ survey derives its name from the method in
which it is carried out. The surveyor drives systematically
through an area noting on maps or in notebooks where various
types or concentrations of buildings are. This can give the
protessional some idea of where he will have to concentrate
his efforts, how much time the survey is likely to take,
what types of structures are very common, and which are
unusual.
A third kind of survey involves comprehensively
surveying small areas within a larger region. We are
referring to these surveys as spot surveys. When a large
area must be surveyed but time does not allow for coverage
of the entire area, this method can be used to figure out
what is most likely to be found within the larger survey
boundaries and which structures are the most historically or
architecturally significant. The initial work involves
mapping where development occurred historically, where
sttuctures are known or are likely to remain, and then
surveying those areas that are likely to have the most
representative types of structures. This survey method
should be used only be experienced professionals and is of
limited usefulness.
SECTION IV
Once a survey has been completed the inventoried
resources should be evaluated as a group and the
significance of individual structures, complexes, and/or
building types determined.
The evaluation of the survey should discuss each
building type separately, considering such things as
location, quantity, dates of construction, and current
condition. Reference to the historical overview in the
first chapter of this study unit should help in
understanding the historical context of the inventoried
structures.
156
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A s~t cf criteria lor determining the significance cf
structures within the survey area is absolutely Ilecessary.
hPú recommends strongly that the National kegister C'.riterla
lor ~valuation be used. These ~rlterid arc broao~y ~tatea
to allow tor the recognition ot properties ot local, state,
and national significance. They acknowledge the
contributions of all aspects of American materié.ll culture,
from small farm complexes to huge industrial complexes, trom
the old corner gas station to the Beaux Arts railLoaa
termindl. They recognize that the slgnificance of a
~tructure derives from its historical and physical coDtex~s,
that it can be significant on its own or as part of a larger
CJl"OUp of structures relùted by proxinnty or by collcept.
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S~CTION V
rrhe tinal section of the Urban Study Uni t sets out
options, priorities, and recommendations for the
preservation of local historic resources. It is suggested
that both inIDlediate, practical goals and long-range, complex
goals be proposed. RecoIT~endations can range all the way
from nOfill11ating the oldest structure in town to the Natlúr.al
Register to passing an historic preservation ordinance and
recognizirtg an entire historic district. They can incluoL
such thlngs as creating a revOlving fund to be used for the
rehabilitation of historic structures, continuing the
survey, establishing a shelf at the local library with
technical materials on building rehabilitation, publishing
a book on the town's historic resources, organizing walking
t.curs.
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The completed study unit should be accessible to all
groups that are interested in historic preservation or whose
.:..!ct.ions may affect historic properties. Copies should be
di~tributed to the local library, the town and county
historical societies, the Chamber of Commerce, the city
planner's office, the Historic Preservation Department,
local developers, and so on. It is recommended that public
meetings be held during and/or at the end of the project to
explain what it~ goals are, what individuals or
orgarÜzatlons can contribute to the project, how and by whúm
the rinal report can be used. The more the community
contributt;;s, the more the final product will represent its
w'i::;hes.
Ultimately, the responsibllity to preserve our notlon's
resources lles at the local level. Without the active
concern or the co~nunities that are stewards of these
resources no amount of state or federal laws, guidance, or
recomrnendatlons can save them.