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Letters and info F-- - Saint John's Military School Mail - please do not sent this address to others Page I of 2 s�G ail' Linda Rickman < lindar @sjms.org> please do not sent this address to others 2 messages Linda Rickman < lindar @sjms.org> Wed, Nov 20, 2013 at 4:23 PM To: Itryon2122 @sbcg lobal.net FLUORIDATION AND BONE CANCER home ;contact us Fluoride has been recognised as mutagenic for many years.''''' In the U.S., a comparison between the ten largest fluoridated cities and the ten largest non-fluoridated cities showed that, while cancer rates had been similar initially, after 20 years the fluoridated cities had 10 percent more cancer deaths than the non- fluoridated ones.4 The U.S. National Cancer Institute checked these figures and confirmed their validity in 1976. In Poland, scientists at the Pomeranian Medical Academy reported that as little as 0.6 parts per million produced chromosomal damage to human white blood cells.5 Following these results, Dr. Dean Burk, the Chief Chemist Emeritus of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, stated: "In point of fact, fluoride causes more human cancer death, and causes it faster, than any other chemical".6 Dr. Perry Cohn of the New Jersey Department of Health discovered an epidemiological correlation between osteosarcoma (one of the principal cancers of childhood) and fluoridation.' He surveyed its incidence in seven counties of New Jersey relative to water fluoridation. He found that, as demonstrated in Table I, in the fluoridated areas, the incidence of osteosarcoma in boys under the age of 10 was 4.6 times higher than in the unfluoridated areas, 3.5 times higher in the 10 to 19 age group and over twice as high in the 20 to 49 age group. • Table 1 Fluoride and osteosarcoma in young males Seven Counties, New Jersey, 1979-1987 Age Cases Population Rate/100,000 0-9 Fluoridated 2 48,129 4.6 Unfluoridated 1 102,123 1.0 10-19 Fluoridated 10 62,990 17.6 Unfluoridated 7 151,384 5.1 20-49 Fluoridated 5 141,429 3.9 Unfluoridated 5 348,570 1.5 Municipalities, NJ, 1979-1987 Age Cases Population Rate/100,000 0-9 Fluoridated 2 38,654 5.7 Unfluoridated 1 46,708 2.3 10-19 Fluoridated 10 50,297 20.0 Unfluoridated 2 67,678 3.2 20-49 Fluoridated 4 115,367 3.8 Unfluoridated 2 153,713 1.4 https://mail.google.com/maillu/0/?ui=2&ik=1712f351 f4&view=pt&search=sent&th=1427... 1/13/2014 '' Saint John's Military School Mail - please do not sent this address to others Page 2 of 2 ort n e e steosarcoma ohn PD. A brief among rep young on the males. N J association Dept of of drinking Healthwater, Trentonfluoridatio, New Jersey.and the Nov 8incid, 1992.nce of 1. Klein W, et al. DNA repair and environmental substances. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Bader-und Klimaheilkunde. 1977; 24 (3): 218-223. 2.Mohamed A, Chandler ME. Cytological effects of sodium fluoride on mice. Fluoride. 1982; 15 (3): 110- 18. 3.Jagiello G, Lin J-S. Sodium fluoride as potential mutagen in mammalian eggs. Archive Environmental Health. 1974; 29: 230-5. 4.Yiamouyiannis JA, Burk D. Fluoridation of public water systems and the cancer death rate in humans. Presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biologists and Chemists and the American Society of Experimental Biologists. June 1976. 5. Jachimczak D, Skotarczak B. The effect of fluorine and lead ions on the chromosomes of human leucocytes in vitro. Genetica Polonica. 1978; 19 (3): 353-7. 6. Yiamouyannis JA. Fluoride: The Aging Factor. Health Action Press, Delaware, Ohio. 1983. 7. Cohn PD. A brief report on the association of drinking water fluoridation and the incidence of osteosarcoma among young males. N J Dept of Health, Trenton, New Jersey. Nov 8, 1992. FOR MORE INFORMATION: FLUORIDE/CANCER http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/cancer.htm BONE AND JOINT CANCERS http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/cancer2.htm#What is the NTP (National Toxicology Program) Linda Rickman < lindar @sjms.org> Wed, Nov 20, 2013 at 4:32 PM To: Itryon2122@sbcglobal.net . 1. 2. FLUORIDATION AND BONE CANCER - eircom homepage.eircom.net/—fluoridefree/.../bonecancer.htm Cached Fluoride has been recognised as mutagenic for many years. 1,2,3 In the U.S., a comparison between the ten largest fluoridated cities and the ten largest non ... [Quoted text hidden[ • https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=1712f35I f4&view=pt&search=sent&th=1427... 1/13/2014 changoaorg Recipient: City Commission, Barb Shirley, and Jason Gage Letter: Greetings, Stop adding sodium fluorosilicate acid to Salina's water. Clean pure water is a prerequisite to optimal health. Industrial chemicals, drugs and other toxic additives really have no place in our water supplies. "There is no way, short of taking a bone sample, to unequivocally determine one's cumulative exposure to fluoride. It isn't possible to remove fluoride from the body as can be done for lead and other heavy metals. But "if you stop exposure, it will very gradually come out of the bone," committee member Thomas Webster of Boston University said." http://www.organicconsumers.org/foodsafety/flouride062406.cfm A separate study concludes that fluoride raises the risk of osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer, especially in boys. Among boys drinking water with 30% to 99% of the 1 mg per liter fluoride level recommended for preventing cavities, the risk of osteosarcoma was estimated to be five times as great as among boys drinking nonfluoridated water. At one mg per liter or more, the risk was an estimated seven times as high. "fluoride is known to accumulate in bone tissue and causes bone cells to proliferate, and animal data suggest it is carcinogenic -- the committee concludes that "fluoride appears to have the potential to initiate or promote cancers, particularly of the bone." http://www.organicconsumers.org/foodsafety/flouride062406.cfm Fluoridation Chemical Accidents are a major problem and a risk to all communities. http://www.actionpa.org/fluoride/chemicals/accidents-us.html "In summary, we hold that fluoridation is an unreasonable risk." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Headquarters Union of Scientists and Professionals (2001) Technical Report http://fluoridefreekansas.org/2012/02/iimplications-of-fluoride/ • So, if there any risk to the safety of workers who handle it and those that ingest it, why is it still being allowed to be added to our water? Does Salina want the liability of providing fluoridated water to families? This is our last request, asking you to stop adding fluoridation chemicals to our water. Please repeal ordinance #7096. In conclusion, there is a political aspect. People in a free society have a right to choose whether or not they will accept medication, and they have a right to individual treatment and monitoring. Those who believe fluoride works are entitled to their opinion. They may choose their own experts and distrust the proven evidence of legal proceedings in court. They may ignore their own peer-reviewed medical journal reports showing significant and serious risks. That is their right. But they have no right to force others to drink or use fluoride against their will, especially in the face of so much credible evidence of harms, with little or no benefit, and when more effective, democratic and medically responsible forms of medication exist. Nor should they promote the use of fluoride without reference to its dangers. The only people who truly benefit from the widespread use of fluoride for"dental" purposes are the big industries that generate fluoride as a waste product. They not only solve their pollution problems, but make a handsome profit by selling their toxic residues to be eaten, drunk, and spread on teeth by an unsuspecting population governed by gullible officials. by Judge Flaherty, Signatures Name Location Date Sheryl Musfelt Salina, KS 2013-11-10 Ashley Howie Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-10 r on musfelt salina, KS, United States 2013-11-10 Courtney Moravec Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-10 Yvonne Musfelt Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-10 Ashley Heberly Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-12 Miranda Higle Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-12 Joy McFate Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-13 Sarah Alexander Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-13 Scott Goltl Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Kathleen Leenders SALINA, KS, United States 2013-11-14 John Boesen Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Arica Jackson Gypsum, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Michele JOhnson Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Nicole Bowen Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Julie Wayman Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Megan Otey Oklahoma City, OK, United States 2013-11-14 Dennis Benoit Kanopolis, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Joy Jaeger Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-14 Mike Dennard Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-15 Tabre Perez Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-15 Concerned Citizen New City, NY, United States 2013-11-15 Casey Hayden SalinA, KS, United States 2013-11-15 Phil Weaver Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-16 Joyce Hardisty Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-16 Zachary Weaver Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-16 Adam Weber Hood River, OR, United States 2013-11-17 lou Tryon salina, KS, United States 2013-11-19 Lisa Gropp Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-19 Teresa Radke Shirley,AR, United States 2013-11-19 Name • Location Date Lindsey Rodriguez Keizer, OR, United States 2013-11-19 Charmeon Carneson Johannesburg, , South Africa 2013-11-19 emanuel manwaring Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-20 Michele Hays Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-24 Melanie Britegam Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-24 David Hays Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-24 bill medina salina, KS, United States 2013-11-24 Richard Fiedler Salina, KS, United States 2013-11-25 Brenda Blair Avondale, AZ, United States 2013-11-25 Ashlie Benson Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 Skyla Rhoades salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 Hazel Hutchinson Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 torn hatfield Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 Kathleen League Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 Julie Hess Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-05 Darlene Hoeffner Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-06 Roger Pentico Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-06 marilyn mitchell portland, OR, United States 2013-12-06 JUDITH PICKREL MPLS, KS, United States 2013-12-06 lisa holmes Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-08 Angela Hayden Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-08 Samantha Brown Fishers, IN, United States 2013-12-14 Kim Diaz Salina, KS, United States 2013-12-17 mark fritkin boise, ID, United States 2013-12-17 Vicki Costello Saint Petersburg, FL, United States 2013-12-17 Lindsey Gilliland Phoenix, OR, United States 2013-12-17 ken cornetto midland park, NJ, United States 2013-12-17 Susan Goldberg Glendale, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Nzingha Masani Detroit, MI, United States 2013-12-17 Shelby Workman amherst, OH, United States 2013-12-17 Hasan Rajabi Canton, MA, United States 2013-12-17 Kayla Whitt Portsmouth, VA, United States 2013-12-17 0. Name • Location Date Judy Flanagan Savannah, TN, United States 2013-12-17 Cassandra Cranmer Sebastian, FL, United States 2013-12-17 Jose Mata Los Angeles, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Carol Lilleberg Napa, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Kawan Karadaghi North Hollywood, CA, United States 2013-12-17 George Tabb New York, NY, United States 2013-12-17 Daniel Fischer United States 2013-12-17 Laura Saxon morriston, FL, United States 2013-12-17 Tim Mwangi Stanford, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Michael Fair Fairfield, PA, United States 2013-12-17 rhonda lawford morris, IL, United States 2013-12-17 David McMurrer Apache junction, AZ, United States 2013-12-17 Alex Cuevas Flowery Branch, GA, United States 2013-12-17 Heather Shaughnessy Los Angeles, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Vincent Dekeris Central Islip, NY, United States 2013-12-17 Keith Gotham Pensacola, FL, United States 2013-12-17 charles pacholski lawtons, NY, United States 2013-12-17 CHARLES PERRY BERKELEY, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Ken & Ethel Kipen Ashfield, MA, United States 2013-12-17 Mary Thomas Davila Richmond, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Pamela Jones Byron, GA, United States 2013-12-17 Edith Colbert Williamsburg, VA, United States 2013-12-17 Fred Schwartz Merion Station, PA, United States 2013-12-17 rose dionne windsor, CT, United States 2013-12-17 Mike Lepore Claremont, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Manuel Santana Auyanet United States 2013-12-17 Lynne Shamshoian Cupertino, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Christian Reyes Moreno Valley, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Heather Sorensen Fargo, ND, United States 2013-12-17 Paul D'Arville Tifton, GA, United States 2013-12-17 Deborah Binkley Maumee, OH, United States 2013-12-17 Jennifer LaRossa Baldwin, NY, United States 2013-12-17 Name - Location Date Campbell Campbell Gays Mills, WI, United States 2013-12-17 Annie McMahon Clarkdale, AZ, United States 2013-12-17 lynn chitt United States 2013-12-17 Herminio Suarez Jackson, NJ, United States 2013-12-17 David Arntson Bothell, WA, United States 2013-12-17 Kevin W Gurnee, IL, United States 2013-12-17 Allie Tennant FT MYERS, FL, United States 2013-12-17 Scott Caton Fort Smith, AR, United States 2013-12-17 Marsha Hoff Stockton, CA, United States 2013-12-17 nyra valle fortuna, CA, United States 2013-12-17 Janeese Jackson Norcross, GA, United States 2013-12-17 Martha Garcia Irvine, CA, United States 2013-12-17 James Smith Jr Calhan, CO, United States 2013-12-17 Eva Baskin St. John, VI, United States 2013-12-17 Pam Boland Grovetown, GA, United States 2013-12-23 Linda Abbott Minneapolis, MN, United States 2014-01-09 • ETHICS and LEGAL (abstracts/summary) • Diesendorf M, How Science Can Illuminate Ethical Debates • Pace Environmental Law Review, by Douglas Balog, Esq., A Case Study On Water Fluoridation, Fluoride, 1995,28:2 1997 • Exner FB, M.D., Duties of legislators regarding fluoridation of • The need for a Code of Ethics at the EPA became critical. water supplies DENTAL CARIES (Abstracts, Abstracts2, Abstracts3) • Anqelillo IF et al., Caries and fluorosis prevalence in • Leverett DH, et al., Randomized clinical trial of the effect of communities with different concentrations of fluoride in the prenatal fluoride supplements in preventing dental caries, water, Caries Res 33(2) 1999 Caries Res, 1997, 31(3) • Cahen PM, et al., Caries prevalence in 6-to 15-year-old • Levy SM, Review of fluoride exposures and ingestion, Corn French children based on the 1987 and 1991 national Dent Oral Epidem, 1994,27 surveys, J Dent Res, 1993 72 (12) • Mani' F, Feierskov 0, Dental Caries in Developing • Colquhoun J, Influence of social class and fluoridation on Countries in Relation to the Appropriate Use of Fluoride, J child dental health, Corn Den Oral Epidem, 1985, 13(1) Den Res, 1990,69(Spec Iss) • Colquhoun J, Child Dental Health Differences in New • Marthaler TM, et al., The Prevalence of Dental Caries in Zealand, Com Health Studies, 1987, XI:2 Europe 1990-1995, Caries Res, 1996, 30:4 • Colquhoun J, Mann R The Hastings Fluoridation • Mathiesen AT,et al., Oral Hygiene as a Variable in Dental Experiment- Science or Swindle?... The Ecologist, 1986 Caries Experience in 14-Year-Olds Exposed to Fluoride, 16:6/1987 17:2/3 Caries Res, 1996, 30 • de Liefde B,The decline of caries in New Zealand over the • Miyazaki H, Morimoto M,Changes in caries prevalence in past 40 years, NZ Dental J, 1998, 94:417 Japan. Eur J Oral Sci, 1996, 104 (4 Pt 2) • Diesendorf M,et al., New evidence on fluoridation,Aust NZ • Maupome G. et al.,Patterns of dental caries following the J Public Health, 1997,21(2) cessation of water fluoridation. Community Dent Oral • Diesendorf M,Anglesey Fluoridation Trials Re-Examined, Epidemiol 2001 Feb;29(1):37-47. Fluoride, 1989, 22:2 • Moss ME, et al.Association of dental caries and blood lead • Disney JA,et al.,A case study in contesting the levels.JAMA 1999 Jun 23-30;281(24):2294-8. Comment in: conventional wisdom: school-based fluoride mouthrinse JAMA 1999 Jun 23-30;281(24):2340-2. programs in the USA, Corn Den Oral Epidem, 1990, 18 • Paynette M, et al.,Comparison of dental caries and oral • Foch CB,The Costs, Effects,And Benefits of Preventive hygiene indices For 13-14 Year Old Quebec Children Dental Care:A Literature Review, 1981, N-1732-RWJF,A between 1977 and 1984,J. Canadian Dental Assn, 1988, Rand Corporation Report 54:3 • Foulkes RG, Review of Report: Investigation of Inorganic • Riordan PJ, Fluoride supplements for young children: an Fluoride and its Effect on the Occurrence of Dental Caries analysis of the literature focusing on benefits and risks, and Dental Fluorosis in Canada..., Fluoride, 1995 Aug, 28:3 Comm Dent& Oral Epidemio 27(1):72-83, 1999 • Gray AS, Fluoridation:time for a new baseline?J Can Dent • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Report 2, National Assoc, 1987, 53 Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program 1983(no • Haikel V.et al., Dental caries and fluorosis in children from benefit to topical treatments in a four-year test in ten high and low fluoride areas of Morocco,Assoc J Dent Child, differing communities) 1989, 56:5 • Seppa L, et al.,Caries frequency in permanent teeth before • Hildebolt CF, et al., Caries prevalences among geochemical and after discontinuation of water fluoridation in Kuopio, regions of Missouri,Am J Phys Anthropol, 1989, 78(1) Finland, Comm Dent Oral Epid 1998,26:4 • Ismail AI, et al., Should the drinking water of Truro, Nova • Spencer AJ,et al.,Water fluoridation in Australia, Scotia, be fluoridated?Water fluoridation in the 1990s, Corn Community Dent Health, 1996, 13(Suppl 2) Dent Oral Epidem, 1993,21 • Szpunar SM, Burt BA, Evaluation of appropriate use of • Ismail Al,et al., Prevalence of Dental Caries and Dental dietary fluoride supplements in the US, Corn Dent Oral Fluorosis in Students, 11-17 Years of Age, in Fluoridated Epid, 1992, 20(3) and Non-Fluoridated Cities in Quebec, Caries Research, • Steiner M, et al.,The dental health of permanently resident 1990,24 schoolchildren in 16 Zurich rural communities in 1992, • Johnston DW, et al., The Decline of Dental Caries in Schweiz MonatsschrZahnmed, 1995, 105(11) Ontario School Children,J Can Dent Assn, 1986, 5 • Sutton PRN,The Failure of Fluoridation, Fluoride, 1990, • Kalsbeek H, et al., Caries Experience of 15-Year-Old 23:1 Children in The Netherlands after Discontinuation of Water • Teotia SPS,Teotia M, Dental Caries:A Disorder of High Fluoridation, Caries Research, 1993, 27 Fluoride And Low Dietary Calcium Interactions(30 years of Personal Research),Fluoride, 1994, 27:2 the largest study on dental caries in the world • Kalsbeek H,Verrips GHW, Dental Caries Prevalence and • Thyistrup A,et al.,A light and scanning electron the Use of Fluorides in Different European Countries,J. microscopic study of enamel decalcification in children living Dent Res,69(Spec Iss), 1990 in a water-fluoridated area,J Dent Res, 1990,69:10 • Koch G, et al., Effect of 250 and 1000 ppm fluoride • Tijmstra T et al., Corn Dent Oral Epidem,6, 1978(when dentifrice on caries, Swedish Dent J, 1982,6 children are matched by fathers'occupation, candy • Koniq KG, New recommendations concerning the fluoride consumption and toothbrushing habits,the supposed content of toddler toothpaste-consequences for systemic reduction in caries among fluoride users vanishes) application of fluoride. Gesundheitswesen. 2002 • van Rijkom HM, et al.,A meta-analysis of clinical studies on Jan;64(1):33-8. the caries-inhibiting effect of fluoride gel treatment, Pediatr • Kortelainen-S, LARMAS-M, Effect of fluoride on caries Dent, 1995, 17:4 progression and dentin apposition in rats fed on a • Winter GB,et al., Clinical trial of a low-fluoride toothpaste cariogenic or non-cariogenic diet, Scandinavian J. Den Res, for young children, Int Dent J, 1989,39(4) 1993, 101(1) • Yiamouyiannis JA.,Water Fluoridation And Tooth Decay: • Krook L, et al., Dental fluorosis in cattle, Cornell-Vet, 1983, Results From The 1986-1987 National Survey of U.S. 73:4 Schoolchildren, Fluoride, 1990,23:2 Kunzel W. Fischer T. Caries prevalence after cessation of • Ziegelbecker R, and Ziegelbecker RC,WHO Data on water fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba, Caries Res Dental Caries and Natural Water Fluoride Levels,"Fluoride, 2000;34:20-25. 1993, 26:4 • Kunzel W,Fischer T, Rise and fall of caries prevalence in German towns with different F concentrations in drinking water, Caries Research 1997, 31:3 • LUORIDE BONE EFFECTS (abstracts/summary) • Hip fracture rates in seniors are rising in fluoridated areas and are increasing more rapidly than can be accounted for by an aging population. • Two studies show increased osteosarcomas in children (a rare, often fatal bone cancer). • New radiographic techniques show bone abnormalities in children with dental fluorosis (the teeth are a window to what is happening in the bones). • Bone abnormalities are seen in aborted fetuses born to mothers with dental fluorosis. • World Health Organization warns that ingesting 2.0- 8.0 mg of fluoride per day(as little as 2 liters of fluoridated water) can lead to the pre-clinical stage (arthritis-like symptoms) of skeletal fluorosis (a crippling bone disease). • Editorial,Official"Safe" Fluoride Intakes Based On • Lehmann R,et al., Drinking water fluoridation: bone mineral Arithmetic Error,Fluoride, 1997, 30:4 density and hip fracture incidence. Bone 1998 • Alhava EM, et al,The effect of drinking water fluoridation on Mar;22(3):273-278 the fluoride content, strength and mineral density of human • Lee JR, Fluoride in drinking water and risk of hip fracture in bone,Acta Orthop Scand, 1980, 51 (3) the UK: a case-control study(A critique of the study • Bayley TA, et al., Fluoride-induced fractures: relation to appearing in Lancet by Hillier S, et al). osteogenic effect,J Bone Miner Res, 1990, 5 Suppl 1 • Lee JR, Fluoridation and Osteoporosis'92, Fluoride,1992, • Carter DR, Beaupre GS, Effects of fluoride treatment on 25:3,162-164 bone strength, • Lee JR, Slow-Release Sodium Fluoride In The • Caulev JA,et al, Public Health Bonus of Water Fluoridation: Management Of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Fluoride Does Fluoridation Prevent Osteoporosis and Its Related 1994, 27:4(review- CYC Pak et al,Annals of Int Med 120, Fractures?,Am J.of Epidem, 1991, 134 1994). • Cauley JA,et al, Effects of fluoridated drinking water on • Lee JR, Fluoridation and Hip Fracture, Fluoride 1993,26:4 bone mass and fractures:the study of osteoporotic • Li J. et al, Distribution profiles of fluoride in three different fractures,J Bone Miner Res, 1995, 10(7) kinds of rat bones, Bone, 1993, 14 (6) • Caverzasio J,et al.,Aluminum potentiates the effect of • Lundy MW, et al, Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest fluoride on tyrosine phosphorylation and osteoblast bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated replication in vitro and bone mass in vivo,J Bone Miner Res subjects, Osteoporosis Int, 1995, 5(2) 1996, 11(1) • -Maylin GA,et al.,, Fluoride intoxication in dairy calves, Cornell Vet, 1987, 77:1 • Chlebna-Sokol D,Czerwinski E, Bone Structure • Patel S, et al., Fluoride pharmacokinetics and changes in Assessment On Radiographs Of Distal Radial Metaphysis lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density, Bone, 1996, In Children With Dental Fluorosis, Fluoride, 1993, 26:1 19(6) • Cooper C, et al.,Water Fluoridation and Hip Fracture, • Phipps KR, Burt BA,Water-borne fluoride and cortical bone JAMA(Letters), 1991,266:4 mass: a comparison of two communities,J Dent Res, 1990, • Czerwinski E, et al., Evaluation of bone mineral density in 69(6) the distal radius of former workers employed at the • Razumov VV, et al, Morphogenesis of occupational fluoride Aluminum Works, Przegl Lek 1997, 54(4) osteopathy,Med Tr Prom Ekol, 1997, 4 • Czerwinski E, et al., Bone and Joint Pathology in Fluoride- • Richards A,et al., Fluoride pharmacokinetics in the Exposed Workers,Archives of Environmental Health, 1988, domestic pig,J Dent Res 1982,61(9) 43:5 • Riggs BL, et al., Effect of Fluoride Treatment on the • Danielson C, et al, Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's Fracture Rate in Postmenopausal Women with elderly population,JAMA, 1992,268(6) Osteoporosis, New England J. of Medicine, 1990, 322:12 • Dequeker J, Declerck K, Fluor in the treatment of • Riggs BL, et al.,Clinical trial of fluoride therapy in osteoporosis.An overview of thirty years clinical research, postmenopausal osteoporotic women: extended Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. J. Suisse de observations and additional analysis, J Bone Miner Res, Medecine, 1993, 123(47) 1994, 9:2, 265-275 • Dure-Smith BA, et al., Calcium deficiency in fluoride-treated • Riggs BL,et al., Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporotic patients despite calcium supplementation,J osteoporosis: evidence that decreases in bone turnover and Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1996,81(1) increases in bone mass both determine antifracture • Fratzl P,et al,Abnormal bone mineralization after fluoride efficacy, Bone 1996, 18(3 Suppl) treatment in osteoporosis: a small-angle x-ray-scattering • Shi J.et al., Relationship between bone fluoride content, study,J Bone Miner Res, 1994, 9 (10) pathological change in bone of aborted fetuses and • Foulkes RG, DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Calcium, maternal fluoride level, Chung Hua, Yu Fang, Hsueh I, Tsa Phosphorus,Magnesium,Vitamin D, and Fluoride Chih, 1995,29(2). (...National Academy of Science, 1997), Fluoride, 1997, • Soqaard CH,et al., Marked Decrease in Trabecular Bone 30:4 Quality After Five Years of Sodium Fluoride Therapy-- • Grvnpas MD, Fluoride effects on bone crystals,J Bone Assessed by Biomechanical Testing of Iliac Crest Bone Miner Res, 1990, 5:Suppl 1 Biopsies in Osteoporotic Patients, Bone, 1994, 15:4 • Gutteridge DH, et al, Spontaneous hip fractures in fluoride- • Sopaard CH, et al, Effects of fluoride on rat vertebral body treated patients: potential causative factors,J Bone Miner biomechanical competence and bone mass, Bone, 1995, Res, 1990, Suppl 1, S205-S215 16:1 • Gutteridge OH, et al., Fluoride treatment of osteoporosis: • Sowers MR, et al, The relationship of bone mass and cyclical non-blinded or continuous blinded studies?, fracture history to fluoride and calcium intake: a study of Osteoporosis Int, 1993,3:Suppl 1 three communities,Am J Clin Nutr, 1986,44 (6) • Harrison JE,et al,The relationship between fluoride effects • Sowers MR, et al.,A Prospective Study of Bone Mineral on bone histology and on bone mass in patients with content and Fracture in Communities with Differential postmenopausal osteoporosis, Bone Miner, 1986, 1 (4). Fluoride Exposure,Am. J. of Epidemiology, 1991, 133:7 • Hedlund LR, Gallagher JC, Increased incidence of hip • Suarez-Almazor ME,et al.,The Fluoridation of Drinking fracture in osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride, Water and Hip Fracture Hospitalization Rates in Two J Bone Miner Res, 1989,4(2) Canadian Communities,Am J. Public Health, 1993, 83 • Hillier S. et al.,Fluoride in drinking water and risk of hip • Turner CH, et al, Fluoride treatment increased serum IGF-1, fracture in the UK:a case-control study, Lancet, Jan 2000. bone turnover,and bone mass, but not bone strength, in • Jacobsen SJ,et al, Hip fracture incidence before and after rabbits, Calcif Tissue Int, 1997,61:1 the fluoridation of the public water supply, Rochester, • Turner CH, et al, Reductions in bone strength after fluoride Minnesota,Am J Public Health, 1993, 83:5. treatment are not reflected in tissue-level acoustic • Jacobsen SJ, et al,The association between water measurements, Bone, 1996, 19:6 fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men • Turner CH,et al, High fluoride intakes cause osteomalacia aged 65 years and older.A national ecologic study,Annals and diminished bone strength in rats with renal deficiency, of Epidemiology, 1992, 2:5. Bone, 1996, 19(6) • Jacobsen SJ,et al., Regional Variation in the Incidence of • Turner CH,et al, Fluoride reduces bone strength in older Hip Fracture US..., JAMA, 1990, 264:4 rats,J Dent Res, 1995, 74(8) • Jacgmin-Gadda H, et al, Fluorine concentration in drinking • Turner CH, et al,A mathematical model for fluoride uptake water and fractures in the elderly(letter],JAMA, 1995, by the skeleton, Calcif Tissue Int, 1993, 52 (2) 273(10) • Turner CH,et al,The effects of fluoridated water on bone • Jiang Y,et al, Effects of low-dose long-term sodium fluoride strength,J Orthopaedic Research, 1992, 10(4) preventive treatment on rat bone mass and biomechanical • Turner RT,et al,The effects of fluoride on bone and implant properties, Calcif Tissue Int, 1996, 58(1) histomorphometry in growing rats,J Bone Miner Res, 1989, 4 (4) • • • Kanis JA,Treatment of symptomatic osteoporosis with • Waldbott GL,The Preskeletal Phase of Chronic Fluoride fluoride,Am J of Medicine, 1993,95(5A), 535-61 S. Intoxication, 1998,Fluoride, 31:1, 13-20 • Kleerekoper M, Non-dental tissue effects of fluoride, • Wei XY, Study on determinationing the bone mineral Advances in Dental Research, 1994, 8(1) content as diagnostic value for occupational fluorosis, • Kleerekoper M, Fluoride and the skeleton, Crit Rev Clin Lab Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 1993,27(2) Sci 1996 Apr,33:2 • Xiao B, et al.,Aluminum and fluorine in blood and bone of • Krishnamachari KA, Skeletal fluorosis in humans: a review rats fed on diet mixed with various contents of aluminum, of recent progress in the understanding of the disease, Prog fluoride or their mixture, Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao, Food Nutr Sci, 1986, 10(3-4) 1992, 23(2) • Karaoas MR,et al., Patterns of fracture among the United • Zhang Y, et al., Histopathologic and bone States elderly:geographic and fluoride effects,Ann histomorphometric studies of pigs'phalanges in an endemic Epidemiol, 1996 May, 6(3) fluorosis area,Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 1994, • Kurttio P, et al, Exposure to natural fluoride in well water 25(1) and hip fracture: a cohort analysis in Finland.Am J Epidemiol 1999 Oct 15;150(8):817-24 • Lafage MH,et al, Comparison of alendronate and sodium fluoride effects on cancellous and cortical bone in minipigs...J Clin Invest, 1995, 95 (5) DENTAL FLUOROSIS (Abstracts/summary. See pictures) Up to 69.2% of Canadian children in fluoridated communities now have dental fluorosis, a 59% increase since 1945. Although most of this reflects mild fluorosis, moderate to severe fluorosis is on the increase. Some fluoride proponents are thus advocating that: fluoride supplements be eliminated (<16%of eligible children take them); and, only a "pea-sized" portion of toothpaste be used for young children (the spitting mechanism is not fully developed until about age five). Even if a "pea-sized" portion of paste is used, many children still swallow all or most of the yummy-tasting fluoridated paste, therefore increasing their risk of developing fluorosis. Some fluoride proponents are advising parents NOT to use fluoridated toothpaste for children under age three. Others say parents should only use a tiny smear just enough to wet a couple of bristles. See toothpaste advisory by Calgary Regional Health Authority, and Calgary& District Dental Society. • Aoba T,The effect of fluoride on apatite structure and • Levy SM,et al., Infants' Fluoride Intake From Drinking growth, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 1997;8(2):136-153 Water Alone,And From Water Added To Formula, • Awad MA,et al, Dental Caries and Fluorosis in 7-9 and 11- Beverages,And Food, Fluoride, 1996 Feb, 29:1,54, from J. 14 Year Old Children Who Received Fluoride Supplements of Den. Res., 1995, 74:7, 1399-1407 from Birth,J. Canadian Dental Association, 1991,60:4, • Lewis DW, Bantinci DW,Water fluoridation:current 318-322. effectiveness and dental fluorosis, Com Den Oral Epidem, • Baelum V, et al, Posteruptive tooth age and severity of 1994, 22, 53-8 dental fluorosis in Kenya, Scand J Dental Res, 1986 Oct, • Lew SM, et al., Infants Fluoride Ingestion From Water, 94:5,405-410 • Supplements and Dentifrice, Fluoride, 1996 May,29:2,113. • Burt BA,The Case for Eliminating The Use of Dietary from JADA, 1995, 126:12 1625-1632 Fluoride Supplements Among Young Children, Fluoride, • Levy SM,et al., Sources Of Fluoride Intake In Children, 1994 April,27(2), 121.Abstract presented at the Dietary Fluoride,28:4, 1995 November, 215-216,from J. of Public Fluoride Supplement Conference,ADA Chicago,Jan 31- Health Dentistry, 55(1), 39-52 1995 Feb 1, 1994 [see lee-ir.htm for further info] • Maylin GA, et al., Fluoride intoxication in dairy calves, • Chan JT et al.,The role of caffeinated beverages in dental Cornell Vet, 1987, 77:1, 84-98 fluorosis,Med-Hypotheses, 1990 Sep, 33:1, 21-22 • Nunn JH,et al.,Assessment of enamel opacities in children • Chen YC,et al., Nutrition Survey In Dental Fluorosis- in Sri Lanka and England using a photographic method, Afflicted Areas, Fluoride, 1997 May, 30:2, 77-80 Community Dent Health, 1993, 10:2, 175-188 • Chlebna-Sokol D, Czerwinski E, Bone Structure • Riordan PJ,The Place Of Fluoride Supplements In Caries Assessment On Radiographs Of Distal Radial Metaphysis Prevention Today, Fluoride, 1997 Feb, 30:1,67,from In Children With Dental Fluorosis,Fluoride, 1993 Jan, 26:1, Australian Dent J, 1996,41:5, 335-342 37-44 • • Clark C,Trends in prevalence of dental fluorosis in North • Riordan PJ, Dental Fluorosis, Dental Caries And Fluoride America, Community Den Oral Epidem, 1994,22, 148-52 Exposure Among 7-year-olds,Fluoride, 1993 July,26:3, • Feierskov 0,et al., Dental tissue effects of fluoride, 231-232,from Caries Res, 1993, 27, 71-77 Fluoride, 1994 October, 27(4), 236, from Advances in • Riordan PJ, Perceptions of Dental Fluorosis, Fluoride, Dental Research, 1994, 8(1), 15-31 January 1994, 27:1, 54-55, abstracted from J Dent Res, 72 • Feierskov 0,et al.,The Nature and Mechanisms of Dental (9), 1268-1274 1993 Fluorosis in Man,Journal Dental Research, 1990 February, • Riordan PJ, Guidelines for the use of dietary fluoride 69(Special Issue):692-700 supplements in Australia,Australian Dent J, 1989, • Giambro NJ,et al., Characterization Of Fluorosed Human 34(4):359-62 Enamel By Color Reflectance, Ultrastructure,And • Roberts MW, et al., Fluoride Supplement Prescribing and Elemental Composition, Fluoride, 1995 November, 28:4, Dental Referral Patterns Among Academic Pediatricians, 216,from Caries Research 29(4) 251-257 1995 Pediatrics 1998, 101(1):E6. Text at • Gotiamanos T, Safety issues related to the use of silver http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/contentifull/101/1/e6 A fluoride in paediatric dentistry,Aust Dent J, 1997 Jun,42(3), significant proportion of Pediatricians prescribe fluoride 166-168 even though they do not bother to evaluate an infant's • Grimaldo M. et al.,Endemic fluorosis in San Luis Potosi, present intake,or if there is even a"need"for it!This places Mexico. Environ Res 1995 Jan;68(1) children at greater risk of fluorosis. • Hawley GM,et al., Dental caries,fluorosis and the cosmetic • Rock WP,Sabieha AM, The relationship between reported implications of different TF scores in 14-year-old toothpaste usage in infancy and fluorosis of permanent adolescents, Community Dent Health, 1996 Dec, 13(4), incisors, Br Dent J, 1997, 183(5), 165-170 189-192 • Rugg-Gunn AJ, et al., Effects of fluoride level in drinking • Heilman JR,et al., Fluoride concentrations of infant foods, J water, nutritional status, and socio-economic status on the Am Dent Assoc, 1997 Jul, 128(7), 857-863. prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel in • Heller KE, Eklund SA,and Burt BA, Dental caries and permanent teeth in Saudi 14-year-old boys, Caries Res, dental fluorosis at varying water fluoride concentrations, 1997.31(4), 259-267 Journal of Public Health Dentistry 57 (3) 1997 136-14 • Seow WK,Thomsett MJ, Dental fluorosis as a complication • Horowitz HS,The need for toothpastes with lower than of hereditary diabetes insipidus: studies of six affected conventional fluoride concentrations for preschool-aged patients, Pediatr Dent, 1994, 16(2) children,J Public Health Dent, 1992, 52(4), 216-221 • Sergio GS, et al., Fluoride content of tea and amount • Ismail AI, Fluoride supplements:current effectiveness, side ingested by children, Odontol Chit, 1989,37:2,251-255 effects, and recommendations, Community Dental Oral • Shupe JL,et al., Relationship of cheek tooth abrasion to Epidemiology, 1994,22, 164-72 fluoride-induced permanent incisor lesions in livestockAm J • Ismail Al, et al., Prevalence of Dental Caries and Dental Vet Res, 1987,48:10, 1498-1503 Fluorosis in Students, 11-17 Years of Age, in Fluoridated • Silva M, Reynolds EC, Fluoride Content Of Infant Formulae and Non-Fluoridated Cities in Quebec, Caries Research, In Australia,Fluoride, 1996 May, 29:2, 15-116,from 1990, 24 Australian Den J., 1996,41:1,37-42 • Kiritsy MC, et al.,Assessing fluoride concentrations of • Stannard JG,et al., Fluoride levels and fluoride juices and juice-flavored drinks,JADA, 1996 Jul, 127 (7), contamination of fruit juices,J. Clinical Pediatric Dent, 1991, 895-902 16:1,38-40 • Krook L,et al., Dental fluorosis in cattle, Cornell-Vet, 1983 • van Palenstein,et al., Two types of intraoral distribution of Oct., 73:4, 340-362 fluorotic enamel, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1997, • Liefde B de, Longitudinal survey of enamel defects in a 25(3),251-255 cohort of New Zealand Children, Comm Dent Oral Epidem, Warren JJ et al, Fluorosis of the primary dentition:What 1988 16 218 221 does it mean for permanent teeth?JADA 130(3):347-356, 1999 • Levine RS,et al.,A photographically recorded assessment • Weeks KJ, et al., Enamel Defects In 4-Year-Old to 5-Year- of enamel in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas in Old Children In Fluoridated and Non-Fluoridated Parts of England, British Dental Journal, 1989 Apr 8, 166(7):249-52. Cheshire, UK, Fluoride, 1994 Jan,27(1), 55,from Caries [note:fluorosis is sometimes referred to as hypoplasia] Res, 1993,27:4 317-320 • Levy SM, et al., Patterns of fluoride dentifrice use among • Whitford GM, Determinants and mechanisms of enamel infants,Pediatr Dent, 1997 Jan 19(1)50-55 fluorosis, Ciba Found Symp, 1997, 205,226-241 • Levy SM,et al., Infants'Fluoride Intake From Drinking • Woltgens JH, et al., Use of fluoride by young children and Water Alone,And From Water Added To Formula, prevalence of mottled enamel,Advances in Dent Res, Beverages,And Food, Fluoride, 1996 Feb, 29:1, 54,from J. 1989, 3(2):177-82 of Den. Res., 1995, 74:7, 1399-1407 • Wright JT,et al., Protein characterization of fluorosed human enamel,J Dent Res, 1996, 75(12), 1936-1941 NEUROLOGICAL -- Fluoride Effects on the BRAIN (abstracts) • • Editorial, Neurotoxicity of fluoride, Fluoride, 1996, 29:2, 57- • Mullenix PJ,et al., Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats, 58 Neurotoxicology Teratology, 1995,17(2) • Calderon J.et al.,Influence of Fluoride Exposure on • Spittle B, Psychopharmacology of fluoride:a review, Int Clin Reaction Time and Visuospalial Organization in Children. Psychopharmacol,9:2, 1994 Epidemiology July 2000,Volume 11, Number 4 Supplement • Strunecka A, Patoeka J, Pharmacological implications of S153. aluminofluoride complexes.A review of the evidence for • Guan ZZ et at, Influence of chronic fluorosis on membrane pathophysiological effects of aluminium and fluoride on lipids in rat brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1998 Sep- living organism. Oct;20(5):537-42 • Varner JA, et al.,Chronic administration of aluminum- • Jope RS, Modulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by NaF fluoride or sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: and aluminum in rat cortical slices.J Neurochem 1988 alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascutar integrity, Brain Dec;51(6):1731-6 Res, 1998, 16, 7840-2). See also:News Release • Kay AR,et al., Intracellular fluoride alters the kinetic • Varner JA, et al.,The Neurotoxicological Evaluation Of The properties of calcium currents facilitating the investigation of Chronic Administration Of Aluminum-Fluoride and Sodium- synaptic events in hippocampal neurons.J Neurosci Fluoride, Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting; San 1986;6(10). Diego, CA, 1995 • Li Y, Li X,Wei 5, Effect of excessive fluoride intake on • Varner JA, et al., Chronic AIF3 Administration: II. Selected mental work capacity of children and a preliminary study of Histological Observations, Neumscience Research its mechanism,Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 1994, Communications, 1993, 13:2 25:2 • Yang Y, et al., Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on • Li XS,Zhi JL, Gao RO, Effect of Fluoride Exposure on children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and Intelligence in Children,Fluoride, 1995, 28:4 fluorine, Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih, 1994, • Liu WX, Experimental study of behavior and cerebral 15(5),296-298 morphology of rat pups generated by fluorotic female rat, • Zhao LB, et al., Effect of a high fluoride water supply on Chung-hua Ping U Hsueh Tsa Chih, 1989, 18:4 children's intelligence,Fluoride, 1996, 29:4 • Mattsson JL,et al., Subchronic neurotoxicity in rats of the structural fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride,Neurotoxicol-Teratol, 1988, 10:2 * CANCER & MUTAGENICITY (abstracts) • Calabrese E, Evaluation of the National Toxicology • Maurer JK, et al.,Two-year carcinogenicity study of sodium Program(NTP)Cancer Bioassay on Sodium Fluoride, 1991 fluoride in rats,J Nall Cancer Inst, 1990 Jul 4,82:13, 1118- • Caspary WJ, et al., Mutagenic activity of fluorides in mouse 26 lymphoma cells, Mutat Res, 187:3, 1987, 165-80 • Meng Z,Zhanq B, Chromosomal aberrations and • Cohn PD,A Brief Report On The Association Of Drinking micronuclei in lymphocytes of workers at a phosphate Water Fluoridation And The Incidence of Osteosarcoma fertilizer factory, Mutat Res, 1997, 393(3) Among Young Males, NJ Depart. of Health, Environ. Health • Smith GE, Is fluoride a mutagen?, Sci Total Environ, Service, 1992 68:1988 • • Jones CA, et al., Sodium fluoride promotes morphological • Tohyama E, Relationship between fluoride concentration in transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells, drinking water and mortality rate from uterine cancer in Carcinogenesis, 1988, 9:12 Okinawa prefecture, Japan.,J Epidemiol, 1996,6(4) • Lee JR, Fluoride Exposure and Childhood Osteosarcoma A • Tsutsui T et al., Sodium fluoride-induced morphological and case-control study(A report by Gelberg KH et al., of the neoplastic transformation,chromosome aberrations,sister N.Y. State Department of Health, in The American Journal chromatid exchanges, and unscheduled DNA synthesis in of Public Health, 1995,85, 1678-1683), Fluoride,1996, 29:4 cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells, Cancer Res, 1984 • Liu YQ, Promotive action of sodium fluoride on Mar;44(3):938-41 precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma induced • Tsutsui T, et al.,Cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations and by diethylnitrosamine(DEN)in rats--stereologic study of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured human diploid enzyme histochemistry, Chung-hua Ping Li Hsueh Tsa fibroblasts induced by sodium fluoride.Mutat Res 1984 Chih, 1993,22(5) Apr;139(4):193-8. • Marcus W,Senior Science Advisor, Criteria&Standards • Zeiger E, et al, Genetic Toxicity of Fluoride,Environmental Division, Office of Drinking Water(ODW), United States and Molecular Mutagenesis, 1993,21 Environmental Protection Agency, Memo, 1990 • REPRODUCTIVE Effects of Fluoride (abstracts/summan) • Chinov NJ, Narayana MV, In Vitro Toxicity In Human • Kumar A, Susheela AK, Ultrastructural Studies of Spermatozoa,Fluoride, 1994,27:4 Spermiogenesis in Rabbit Exposed to Chronic Fluoride • Chinoy NJ, Sukla S,Walimbe AS, Bhattacharya S, Fluoride Toxicity, Fluoride, 1995, 28:1 Toxicity on Rat Testis and Cauda Epididymal Tissue • Naravana MV,Chinoy NJ, Effect of Fluoride on Rat Components and its Reversal, Fluoride, 1997, 30:1 Testicular Steroidogenesis,Fluoride, 1994, 27:1 • Chinoy NJ, Narayana MV, Dalai V, et al,Amelioration of • Narayana MV, Chinoy NJ, Reversible Effects of Sodium Fluoride Toxicity in Some Accessory Reproductive Glands, Fluoride Ingestion on Spermatozoa of the Rat,Fluoride, and Spermatozoa of Rat, Fluoride, 1995, 28:2 1995, 28:3 • Chinoy NJ, Reddy WPC, Michael M, Beneficial Effects of • Shashi A, Preliminary Observations on Alterations in Rabbit Ascorbic Acid and Calcium on Reproductive Functions of Ovary DNA and RNA Content in Experimental Fluorosis, Sodium Fluoride-Treated Prebubertal Male Rats,Fluoride, Fluoride, 1994, 27:2 1994,27:2 • Shashi A, Biochemical Effects of Fluoride on Lipid • Chinoy NJ, Sequeira E, Narayana MV, Effects of Vitamin C Metabolism of the Reproductive Organs of Male Rabbits, and Calcium on the Reversibility of Fluoride-Induced Fluoride, 1992, 25:3 Alterations in Spermatozoa of Rabbits, Fluoride, 1991,24:1 • Susheela, Kumar A,A Study of the Effect of High • Chinoy NJ, Sequeira E, Reversible Fluoride Induced Concentrations of Fluoride on the Reproductive Organs of Fertility Impairment In Male Mice, Fluoride, 1992, 25:2, 71- Male Rabbits, Using Light and Scanning Electron 76 Microscopy, Fluoride, 1993, 26:2 • Chinoy NJ, Manisha S, Mathews M, Beneficial Effects of • Susheela AK; Jethanandani P, Circulating testosterone Ascorbic Acid and Calcium on Reversal of Fluoride Toxicity levels in skeletal fluorosis patients,J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, in Male Rats,Fluoride, 1993, 26:1 34:2, 1996 • Eckertin RH, et al.,Ameliorative effects of reduced food- • Zhang ZY,Zhang GZ, Liu XJ, Effects of Organic Fluorine borne fluoride on reproduction in silver foxes. Cornell Vet Exposure on the Reproductive Function of Female Workers 1988;78(4). and the Development of their Offspring, Fluoride, 1993, • Freni SC, Exposure To High Fluoride Concentrations In 26:3 Drinking Water Is Associated With Decreased Birth Rates,J • Zhao ZL,Wu NP, Influence of Fluoride on Contents of Toxicology&Environmental Health, 1994, 42, 109-12 Testosterone and Cholesterol in Rat, Fluoride, 1995, 28:3 • Hoffman DJ,et al., Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction:teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings.Toxicol Lett 1985 Jul;26(1):19-24 • Kumar A, Susheela AK, Effects of Chronic Fluoride Toxicity on the Morphology of Ductus Epididymis and the Maturation of Spermatozoa of Rabbit, Fluoride,1995, 28:3 ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS (summary/abstracts) • Banu Priya CAY, et al.,Toxicity of Fluoride to Diabetic Rats, Pillai KS,et al., Effect of subacute dosage of fluoride on Fluoride, 1997 Feb, 30:1,51-58 male mice, Toxicol Lett, 1988 Nov,44:1-2, 21-9 • Baykov AA,et al.,A two-step mechanism of fluoride inhibition of rat liver inorganic pyrophosphatase,Arch • Shea JJ, et al.,Allergy to Fluoride,Annals of Allergy, 1967, Biochem Biophys, 1992 Apr, 294:1,238-43 25, 388-391 • Boros, et al., Fluoride intake, distribution, and bone content • Shen N, et al., Relationship between height,collagen in diabetic rats consuming fluoridated drinking water, metabolism, hair zinc and excessive fluoride intake,Hua Fluoride, 1998,31:1, 33-41 Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 1992 Mar,23(1,83-86 • Chen GL, Experimental study of antagonizing effect of • Sjostrom S, Kalfas S,Tissue necrosis after subgingival calcium and magnesium against fluoride toxicity in collagen, irrigation with fluoride solution,J of Clinical Periodontology Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih, 1992 Mar, 26(2), 26(4):257-260, 1999 80-82 • Spittle B,Allergy and Hypersensitivity To Fluoride, Fluoride, • Eckedin RH, et al, Milk production of cows fed fluoride 1993 Oct, 26:4,267-273 contaminated commercial feed. Cornell Vet 1986 • Li R,et al., Fluoride in Drinking Water and Intracardiac Oct:76(4):403-14. Blood Flow Defects in Iowa,Am.J. of Epidem, 1992 Oct, • Gibson S, Effects of fluoride on immune system function, 136, 1030 Complimentary Med. Res, 1992, Oct,6:3, 111-113 • Susheela AK,et al., Fluoride ingestion and its correlation with gastrointestinal discomfort, Fluoride, 1992,25:1 • • • Gupta IP,et al., Fluoride as a Possible Etiological Factor in • Toxicological Profile For Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride,and Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia,J. of Gastroenterology and Fluorine(F),April 1993,Agency for Toxic Substances and Hepatology, 1992, 7, 355-356 Disease Registry • Kumari DS, Rao PR, Red cell membrane alterations in • Waldbott GL,The Preskeletal Phase of Chronic Fluoride human chronic fluoride toxicity, Biochem Int,23:4, 1991 Intoxication, 1998,Fluoride, 31:1, 13-20 • Lantz 0,et al., Fluoride-induced chronic renal failure, • Whitford GM, et al, Effects of fluoride on structure and Fluoride-induced chronic renal failure,Am J Kidney Dis, function of canine gastric mucosa, Dig Dis Sci, 1997,42(10) 1987 Aug, 10:2, 136-9 • • Muller P, et al., Sodium fluoride-induced gastric mucosal lesions:comparison with sodium monofluorophosphate, Gastroenterol, 1992 April, 30:4 Are Fluoride's benefits over-rated? (abstracts Dentistry maintains that fluoride ingestion and topical fluorides are the principal factors involved in the decline of tooth decay in the last 50 years. Are there other factors involved in the decreasing caries rates and are the claimed benefits of fluoride over-rated? • Adair SM, et al,Comparison of the use of a child and an • Riordan PJ, Fluoride supplements for young children: an adult dentifrice by a sample of preschool children. Pediatr analysis of the literature focusing on benefits and risks, Dent, 1997 Mar, 19(2): 99-103. Comm Dent& Oral Epidemio 27(1):72-83, 1999 • Foch CB,The Costs, Effects,And Benefits of Preventive • Szpunar SM, et al., Sugar consumption and caries risk in Dental Care:A Literature Review, 1981 Dec, N-1732- schoolchildren with low caries experience, Corn Dent Oral RWJF,A Rand Corporation Report Epidemiol, 1995,23(3) • Hattab FN,The state of fluorides in toothpastes,Joumal of • Tanzer JM,Xylitol chewing gum and dental caries,Int Dent Dentistry, 1989 Apr, 17(2),47-54 J, 1995,45(1 Suppl 1) • Hathaway WE, Hargreaves JA, et al,A Study Into the • Van Winkle S, et al,Water and formula fluoride Effects of Light on children of Elementary School Age--A concentrations: significance for infants fed formula, Pediatr Case of Daylight Robbery, 1992 Feb,AB Education, ISBN - Dent, 1995, 17 (4) 7732-0724-4 • U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National • Loesche WJ,et al., Possible effect of medically Institutes of Health, Dental Sealants in the Prevention of administered antibiotics on the mutans streptococci: Tooth Decay, (Conference Summary,4:11, Dec.5-7, 1983) implications for reduction in decay, Oral Microbiol Immunol, • Venkata Ranga Rao Kodali,et al., Eruption Of Deciduous 1989 Jun,4(2), 77-81 Teeth: Influence Of Undernutrition and Environmental • Main RA, et at.,A Survey of General Dentists In Ontario, Fluoride, Fluoride, 27(4), 1994 October,236-237,from Part II: Knowledge and Use of Topical Fluoride and Dental Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1993, 30:2 Prophylaxis Practices,J. Can Dent Assoc,63:8, 1997 Sept, editor's note--see related articles: Haikel Y,et al., Dental 607-617 caries and fluorosis in children from high and low fluoride • O'Mullane DM,et al.,A three-year clinical trial of a areas of Morocco Krook L,et al., Dental fluorosis in cattle combination of trimetaphosphate and sodium fluoride in • Wolff LF, et al., Effect of toothbrushing with 0.4%stannous silica toothpastes, Dent Res, 1997, 76(11) fluoride and 0.22% sodium fluoride gel on gingivitis for 18 • Ott J, LIGHT photosynthesis, the occulo-endocrine system months. JADA, 1989, 119(2) and Dental Caries,J Am Society for Preventive Dentistry, 1975 July/Aug,5:4, 11-15 DEATHS/POISONING (abstracts poison.htm) • Akiniwa, Kenji, RE-Examination of acute toxicity of fluoride, • Penman AD, et al., Outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning Fluoride, 1997,30:2, 89-104 caused by a fluoride overfeed,Mississippi,Public Health • Arnow PM, et al.,An Outbreak of Fatal Fluoride Intoxication Rep, 1997, 12(5) in a Long-term Hemodialysis Unit,Annals Int Med, 1994, • Whitford GM,The Physiological and Toxicological 121 Characteristics of Fluoride,J. Dent Res, 1990,69:Spec Iss • Foulkes RG, Case report: mass fluoride poisoning, Hooper • Whitford GM, Fluoride in dental products: safety Bay,Alaska,a review of the final report of the Alaska considerations,J Dent Res 1987, 66:5 department of health and human services,April 12, 1993, Fluoride 1994,27:1, 32-36 • • • Gessner BD, et al.,Acute Fluoride Poisoning From A Public Water System,NEJM, 1994, 330:2 . Suppression, Persecution, Fraud (Censorship, Environment, Fraud, Skeletal) • Dr Brian Martin, Suppression of scientific data is wide- • The Dark Odyssey of Dr. Phyllis Mullenix--excerpts taken spread. from The Winds web site • Diesendorf M., Diesendorf A., Suppression By Medical • EPA scientists take action against EPA for failing to protect Journals Of A Waming About Overdosing Formula-Fed public health, 1986 Infants With Fluoride,Fluoride, 1987 May, 30:2, 125,from • Exner FB, Economic Motives Behind Fluoridation Accountability in Research 1997, 5,225-237 • Official"Safe"Fluoride Intakes Based On Arithmetic Error, • Sutton PRN,The Failure of Fluoridation, (editorial), Fluoride, 1997, 30:4 Fluoride, 1990, 23:1 • Foulkes RG, DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Calcium, • Diesendorf M, IN MEMORIAM..., Fluoride, 1995, 28:3 Phosphorus, Magnesium,Vitamin D, and Fluoride(Institute • Grandiean P.,M.D., letter to U.S. EPA. Did W.H.O. of Medicine, National Academy of Science,Washington DC suppress evidence of harm or lack of benefit? 1997), FLUORIDE, 1997, 30:4 • Hileman B, Excerpt:Voices of opposition have been suppressed since early days of fluoridation, Chemical& Engineering News, 1988, 66 • Smith G,Attack on a health officer, Noah Hill News, 1970 • Griffiths J, Bryson C, Fluoride,Teeth,and the Atomic Bomb, Waste Not, 1997 '* E nvironmental Concerns (Abstracts) • Exner FB, Economic Motives Behind Fluoridation • Government of Canada review, pursuant to the Canadian • Damkaer DM, Dey DB, Evidence for Fluoride Effects on Environmental Protection Act(CEPA), Priority Substances Salmon Passage at John Day Dam, Columbia River, 1982- List Assessment Report, Inorganic Fluorides, ISBN 0-662- 1986, North American J. of Fisheries Management,9 21070-9, (1993), 1-72 (1989), 154-162 • Gritsan NP, et al., Correlation among heavy metals and • Foulkes RG, Inorganic Fluorides,Canadian Environmental fluoride in soil, air and plants in relation to environmental Protection Act(Priority Substances List Assessment Report, damage, Fluoride, 1995, 28:4 Government of Canada 1993, Fluoride, 1995 Feb,28:1 29- • Maylin GA, et al., Fluoride intoxication in dairy calves, 3295, Review Cornell Vet, 1987, 77:1 • Foulkes RG,Anderson AC, Impact of Artificial Fluoridation • Krook L, et al., Dental fluorosis in cattle, Cornell-Vet, 1983, on Salmon Species in the Northwest USA and British 73:4 Columbia,Canada, Fluoride, 1994, 27:4. • Rose D, &Marier JR, Environmental Fluoride 1977, National • - Griffiths J, Bryson C. Fluoride,Teeth,and the Atomic Bomb Research Council of Canada, NRCC 16081 •