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School Crossing Survey 1972 '. ~ .. DEAN BOYER. P. E. CITY ENGINEER BUILDING OFFICIAL (\ f:-'Tf___':;:C:"::::::_~::::~::::::~'L":"- z:~,::.,. . --,-,__ ~.._____~____~_______ ~.'C{~~trlllj~~~(ufuL2' .nBl t;llJ.l~t~S,J -Wh::~:,~~~:::;~:i:~.ii~:~~;;i f~~t and W51.t )~." ,., ! .. " -., , ," , .~-....:' ~- - .j CITY - COUNTY BUILOING 300 WEST ASH STREET P. O. SOX 746 SALINA. KANSAS 67401 RON TREMBLAY DEPUTY BUILDING OFFICIAL D. W. BASSETT ....SST. CITY ENGINEER January 27, 1972 THE HONORABLE MAYOR ROBERT C. CALDWELL BOARD OF CITY COMMISSIONERS CITY OF SALINA Re: "School Crossing Survey" Gentlemen and Mrs. Cooper: We are hereby submitti ng the "Schoo 1 Cross i ng Survey" wh i ch was requested at the City Commission meeting on December 20, 1971. The survey includes complete documented data on the existing school crossings. The survey also includes suggested guidelines from the "Manual on Uniform School Crossing Controls for School Child Safety" publ ished 'by the Traffic and Safety Department of the State Highway Commission of Kansas - 1967; and from the "Manual on Uniform Traffi c Control Devi ces" pub 1 i shed by the Federal Bureau of Public Roads - 1970 edition. Due to the volume and complexity of the data and thought that has gone into this survey, we would suggest that you thoroughly read the survey and familiarize yourselves with the contents. We would then suggest a meeting to discuss the survey in detail with the City Commission, personnel involved with the survey and other staff people who are responsible for various facets of community safety. Respectfully submitted, 12 ' ;2) /l i{J. ),~ /.{./'__<1-.'/'/// . D. W. Bassett, Traffic Engineer , .~~ Dean Boyer, City En ineer DB: MKP ;.~E.\lDEr; KArJSAS LEA(;UC OF Mur;lc!p":>'Lr~-lI::::'> - ,.j}\T;O~':A,_ LfiAGI;r, OF C! flES . . . JANUARY 27, 1972 I I , SCHOOL CROSSING SURVEY SALINA, KANSAS Prepared by: ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CITY OF SALINA , . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS . SECTION A B PURPOSE AND SCOPE - TRAFFIC - - - - SCHOOL SIGNS C D E F G H I J K L M N o School Advanced Sign School Crossing Sign School Speed Limit Sign SCHOOL ZONE - - - - - - - MID-BLOCK CROSSINGS - PARKING RESTRICTIONS LOADING ZONES - - SIDEWALKS - - - - SCHOOL SAFETY COMMITTEE - - - ACCIDENT PREVENTIDN - - CROSSWALKS - - - - - SAFE GAP-BLOCKADE CONCEPT - - - METHODS OF PROTECTION - - - - - SCHOOL AREA TRAFFIC SURVEY - SCHOOL DISTRICT TRAFFIC CONTROL - ILLUSTRATIONS Safe-Gap Blockade Concept. - - - - - - - - - - Standard School Signs - - - - - - - - - - No-Stop Intersection Signing - - - - Two-Way Stop Intersection Signing - Four-Way Stop Intersection Signing - Signalized Intersection Signing -- School Area Signing - - - - - . - - - - Push Button Traffic Signal - - - - - - Parking Restrictions - - - - - - - - - SUMMARY - - PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 - - - - 6 7 8 - - - - 12 13 17 23 30 14 49 50 50 51 51 52 & 53 54 . 55 56 . PURPOSE A survey of existing controls at school crossings to determine if they are uniform. To develop a signing plan to standardize the signing and controls at similar type crossings. To develop criteria to be used in establishing. the need for signing and traffic controls at the school crossings. . SCOPE This report is limited to a survey of the ,present signs, traffic controls and pedestrian controls at all school crossings presently designated in the City of Salina. Traffic counts and pedestrian counts at these school crossings and the development of suggested criteria to be used in establishing the need for traffic control at these designated crossings. This survey is not to be interpreted asa school crossing manual. It should be used as a study from which a "Standard School Crossings" manual could be developed for the coming 1972-73 school year. . 1 I- SCHOOL CROSSING SURVEY SECTION A TRAFFIC Traffic, by one of .numerous definitions, is the movement of people from one location to another. Whether by plane, auto, bicycle, or afoot, someplace at sometime, the various types will be in conflict, pne with the other. Obviously, when two movements with certain volumes and speeds come in conflict, some type of control .becomes necessary in order to assure' a safe and even flow of both movements. Traffic, as defined by the engineer, is broken down into two categories: vehicles and pedestrians, with separate signal lights and signs to control each movement. Warrants have been established by the engineer for the installation of controls 4It where the various movements are in conflict. Thus we come to the controversial problem of School Traffic Control. Today, School Traffic Safety is part of the community safety problem. It has become a focal point due to the mass movement of the student population to and from school areas at certain times of the day. However, according to our national accident records, these are not the most dan- gerous hours of the day for the school age population. Children in this age group are involved in injury or fatal accidents more often during the hours away from school. This points out the fact that home training, school safety education and safe driving practices must be extended throughout the day in all parts of the community. . The Traffic Engineer utilizes signs, signals, and pavement markings to protect the pedestrian. The local government enacts the laws to provide the necessary controls and regulations. The Pol ice Department 2 . is responsible for enforcement. of these laws. The school can provide safety education in the class room. The parent then has the obligation to understand traffic regulations and control measures and make sure their children also understand them. Only parents can give pre-school children the necessary instructions in safety pedestrian practices. Poor parental example and lack of supervision can defeat the positive efforts of others to provide child safety. SECTION B SCHOOL SIGNS . School signs are in the warning device classification to alert motorist of a hazardous condition ahead. The "new look" in school signs is one of the biggest changes in school area traffic control standards. The new standards recognize the fact that school area traffic control is unique, and as can be seen by Figure "A and B", Page 49, these signs were developed with a unique shape. The school advance sign, Figure "A", Page 49, is intended for use in advance of locations where school buildings or grounds are adjacent to streets or highways. It may also be used in advance of established school crossings not adjacent to a school ground. Wherever used, the sign shall generally be erected not less than 150 feet nor more than 700 feet in advance of a school ground or school crossing. The sign shall bea minimum of 30 inches in height and width. This sign will replace. the old sign, "SCHOOL ZONE and SCHOOL CROSSING AHEAD". The school crossing sign, Figure "B", is intended for use at 4It established crossings including signalized locations used by pupils going to and from school, except that at crossings controlled by stop 3 The school speed limit siqn shall be used to indicate the speed limit where a reduced speed zone for the school area has been established in accordance with the law or when the speed limit is specified for such areas by statute. The sign shall be either a fixed message sign assembly or a variable display type sign. The fixed message sign assembly shall consist of a top panel, Figure "0", Page 49, a 24"X8" sign with legend "SCHOOL" . in black on a yellow background. A "SPEED LIMIT" sign, Figure "H", 24"X30" shall be displayed beneath the school sign and shall be black on a white background. The bottom panel, Figure "E", "F" or "G" indicating the specific period or periods of the day.and/or days of the week when the special school speed limit applies. The bottom panel shall be 24"X10" or larger if needed and shall have a black legend on a white background. Alternate legends such as "WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT" or "8:00 A.M. TO 4:00 P.M." or "8:00 A.t1. TO 4:00 P.M.. SCHOOL DAYS" may be used when adopted by local ordinance. See Figure "J", Page 49. SECTION C SCHOOL ZONE . Streets adjacent to school property should be posted with the advanced school sign, Figure "A", Page 49, erected not less than 150 4 ~ feet nor more than 700 feet in advance of the .schoo 1 grounds. . SECTI ON D MID-BLOCK CROSSINGS Mid-block crossings within the school zone should be posted with the crosswalk sign,. Figure "B;'. Page 49, placed adjacent to the cross- walk. When the school is located on a major street carrying heavy or fast traffic, then the flashing signal, Figure "K", or the sign assembly Figure "JlI, Page 49, shall be posted in advance of the crossing to warn both ~hrough and turning vehicles of a potential hazard in the crosswalk. SECTION E PARKING RESTRICTIONS .. Parking regulations are an important part of the school safety program. No parking should be permitted within 30 feet on the approach to any stop sign or traffic signal at any time and if the intersection has been designated as a school crossing, the parking should be restricted for a distance of 100 feet on the approach to the intersection during the time school children are likely to be crossing. Parking on the school side of the street or streets adjacent to schools should be prohibited between the hours of 8;00 .A.M. and 4;00 P.M. See parking signs Figures "l", "M" ilnd "N", Page 49. SECTION F LOADING ZONES loading and unloading, particularly in inclement weather, can . create an extremely hazardous condition if improperly controlled. loading zones should be well marked and always located on the school side of the street at least 30 feet from a crosswalk. When possible 5 . . . a loading zone should be located on the side street away from the main school entrance. SECTION G SIDEWALKS Much time has been devoted to traffic surveys, compiling of stat- istics and devising suitable controls for a safe pedestrian crossing of traffic ways. These are to no avail if sidewalks are not provided for the children and they are forced to use the street in going to and frpm school. Such is the case in many of the newer additions in Salina. Also, some of the schools do not have sidewalks around the school property. The lack of sidewalks in school areas is a serious weakness in the Salina school traffic safety program. Sidewalks should be available to schools on both sides of the street and should extend to the point of dispersion of the students.. Fencing is an excellent safety device and eliminates the vehicle and student conflict which occurs during the play period and at school dismissal. The separation of vehicular traffic from pedestrian traffic, should be ex- panded and encouraged. When a school district line can be located along a traffic thoroughfare, this eliminates the need for any school child to cross that thoroughfare in going to and from school. This should be recognized as an important factor in planning the location of future schools. The need of providing adequate teacher. vehicle parking in an off- street facility is a necessity in advance planning and should be given considerable study in the formulation of new and expanded school sites. 6 . SECTION H SCHOOL SAFETY COMMITTEE Obviously the activities and interests of many individuals and organizations must be coordinated if a community is to have an effective pedestrian safety program for school children. The School Safety Committee should include the following personnel: Director of Safety. Chief of Police or police officer responsible for traffic control. Traffic Engineer. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. . 7. City Planner. . Safety educa ti on supervi sors for public and parochial schools. P. T..A. Council Safety Chairman. Junior Chamber of Commerce Representative. Chairmanship of the Committee should be assumed by one of the organi zations represented in the membership with the Director of Safety as Committee co-ordi nator. The Committee shoul d gui de the development of the school pedestrian safety program through policies and procedures established for use on a community wide basis. The Committee should also encourage public understanding and support for the program through educational publicity and establish procedures for processing request and complaints concerning school traffic conditions. . 7 SECTION I ACCIDENT PREVENTION . It is important that children be taught to walk on sidewalks. When sidewalks are not available, to walk on the shoulder or far left hand side of the street or highway. This is a.parenta1 responsibility and should also be a part of the child's safety education in school. Most children of school age are injured or killed at locations other than at school crossings and when going to and from school. Therefore, the necessity of teaching children safe practices for their use at all street crossings and other traffic locations becomes extremely important in order that they can assume the responsibility for their own safety as early in life as possible. The following pedestrian accident summary Was taken from the latest . "Manual on Uniform School Crossing Cpntro1" prepared by the Kansas State Traffi c Department, ~/hi ch shOlts the number of acci dentsi ri Kansas i nvo 1 vi ng school age children 5-14 years of age during a five (5).year period, January 1,1962 to December 31,1966, graphically presents the need for more traffic safety training for children. .SCHOOL CHILDREN GOING TO AND FROM SCHOOL TOTAL: FATAL 4 o o 4 AGE GROUP 5-9 10-14 Unknown STATE-WIDE PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING CHILDREN AGE GROUP PERSONAL INJURY FATALITIES . 0-4 493 36 5-9 785 38 10-14 293 5 TOTAL: 1, 561 79 8 . . . A total of 4 child fatalities going to and from school as compared to a total of 79 fatalities involving children, only about five (5) . percent of the fatalities which occurred, related to the school problem. Of the four (4) fatalities involving school children going to and from school~ out of a total of 79 pedestrian fatalities in the same age group, only one (1) occurred at/or near a controlled school crossing. MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIOENT INJURY EXPERIENCE Injuries and fatalities of children 0-14 years of age inclusive, in Kansas during these five years while riding in motor vehicles. IN MOTOR VEHICLES PEDESTRIAN BICYCLES Ki 11 ed Injured Injured Injured Ki 11 ed Kill ed 310 13,877 79 1,561 20 1,037 4 child pedestrians killed going to and from school in these five years. 79 child pedestrians killed in these five years. 1,561 child pedestrians injured in these five years. Although the first two summaries, Page 8, definitely show that school age children need the guidance and supervision of adults, the summary, shown above conclusively proves that more children were killed or injured while riding in a motor car driven by a parent or other driver~ Out of a total of 409 children killed and 16,475 injured; 75.8 percent of the children killed and 84.2 percent of the children injured, were killed or injured in accidents involving adult drivers of motor vehicles, ~Ihen .the children were under the supervision of adults, and not going to and from school. 9 . . It is evident then that small children attending school for the first time or attending a new school should be instructed by both parents and teachers as.to the correct route that they should follow in going to and from school. On that first day, they should be taken over the route selected for their safe walking by the parent. Subse- quent follow-up with the children should be made by the parent to determine whether the selected route is being used consistently. Children going to and from school cross a number of streets without the school crossing control which would be regularly found on the highways or streets at school locations. Since children are most often injured crossing streets away from the school, instructions and guidance for the school child is needed. The following pedestrian accident graph for Salina shows accidents involving school age children during the last five (5) years at the sixty-eight (68) locations under study. These locations are most vulnerable for school chfldren accidents because they are all on school routes. In summarizing the accidents, we found a total of 19 accidents involving school age children: (1.) Ten of these child accidents occurred while riding in a vehicle under the supervision of an adult driver, (2.) . Five of these children were injured while walking through an intersection, and (3.) Four children were injured while riding bicycles. (4.) Only three of these accidents happened during the. time the child was going to or from school; This points out the fact that more children are involved in accidents at times other than during the ~ time they are going to and from school. 10 . -' 0 WO '" -' I z. '" Z '" .....U "'W Z ..... Z IV) :z 0::: ..... "" ..... :3:;: .....0 0 -' 0 >-' ..... c( ..... DO -' ..... 0:: :3 0:: -' 0:: LOCATION o I .....I.L >u W W W I Z -' -' -' uo:: .....W .....W ..... ..... 0 '" :c.-, :c :c 0 I-C( :3u :3 :3 I- 0 >- - Z ..... w l- I- w-' >- :c >- >- -' >- ..... DO o::W 0:: O::U 0::'" -' ..... 0 :::>> :::> :::> >- :::>z j::: U:c .., .., ..,u ..,..... Uu Zz z Z..... ZO Li: c(v) .......... ..... .....'" .....'" 00 SOUTH NINTH 1 1 0 "INTH - CRAWFORD 2 2 0 >ANTA FE - CRAWFORD 1 1 0 "AYNE - ROACH 1 1 0 pELMONT - ROACH 1 1 0 ~INTH - CLOUD 1 1 0 . . ANTA FE - REPUBLIC 6 4 1 1 1 0 CRA~IFORD - CHEROKEE 1 1 1 0 PHILLIPS - WALNUT 1 1 1 0 PHILLIPS - SOUTH 1 1 0 1 ~ 0 CLOUD - OSBORNE 1 IRON - COLUt1BIA 1 1 0 NINTH - IRON . 1 1 0 TOTAL: 19 10 5 4 3 0 . 11 . SECTION J. CROSSWALKS Intersections and crosswalks vary in complexity due to the location, layout and volume of traffic. For the purpose of this report, school crosswalks will be classified by: 1. Those needing no protection. 2. Those needing limited protection. 3. Those needing mechanical traffic controls. Mechanical protection where few children cross a minor street of average width and a low vehicle volume is obviously impractical and economically unfeasible. This type of crossing actually represents the majority of the school crossings and it is here that the child is vitally dependent upon. the training he has received at home and school. . limited protection becomes necessary as the number of children. increase, combined with the speed and volume of vehicle traffic, to the extent there are insufficient gaps in the traffic to permit a safe crossing; this is, to walk (not run) from curb to curb. Well trained student patrols can handle crossings where the volume of traffic is as high as six vehicles per minute. There is no clear cut point at which mechanical protection becomes necessary. This type of protection depends on the following conditions: Vehicle traffic volume and gaps in traffic. Vehicle traffic speed. Pedestrian traffic volume and age of pedestrian. Width of street. a. b. c. d. . e. f. g. Physical design of street (e.g. "T" intersection). Parking restrictions in vicinity of crossing. Interference from side street traffic. 12 The degree of hazard must be determined before an. effective ped- ~ estrian protection can be established. Determining the number of safe gaps in traffic, which in turn establishes the degree of hazard, requires an engineering study at each specific location. From this study then comes the method, or combination of methods, of control. SECTION K SAFE GAP-BLOCKADE CONCEPT The key to safety in crossing any street is the safe gap in traffic concept, Page 14. . The following, taken from a traffic engineering pub- lication, explains this concept in greater detail. ~ a. "If reasonable safety for crossing without control of traffic is to be assured, natural gaps in traffic should be sufficient for the child or group to walk (not run) from one curb to the other. Observations indicate that elementary school children walk about 3.5 to 4.5 feet per second, 3.5 seems to be close enough for the purpose. b. If the time between gaps averages more than about a minute, children singly or in groups will lose patience and either start to play, which distracts attention from the problem of crossing and may cause darti ng into the street, or they I force I gaps too sma 11 to permit complete crossing; that is, they filter through traffic. c. Large groups of children obviously require longer to cross the street than single children or small groups. Thirty to forty children, as many as can ordinarily be accumulated at one time, will straggle to expand to about 20 feet in crossing. This is, when the first ones are across, the last ones will be 20 feet from the curb. ~ d. Based on these characteristics of behavior, it is possible to compute the volume of t~affic which will not give natural gaps great 13 1-, ~} CL e!) 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'd 'r' .-t <lJ <lJ <lJ 'M" 'M.-t.-t 4-l:> <lJ Ul .Q.-tO UlS::4J EinJO S::OOO tU s:: H 'd <lJ.C: U 0 H04JCJ<lJ<J 'H tn Ul s:: Ul" <lJ tUtUO 04J<lJ.Qf"1 'M<lJUn.(!)H f"1 'dH S.QnJ4J <lJ 0 0 nJ Ul.c:.Q UUlUlIS:: 'M 4J .-t <lJ s:: H .c:'MHUlrJ'OrJO E-i;i:OrJ>rJU4-1 od- .-- " enough and frequent enough to permit children to cross without traffic ... interference. For example, if small groups of children must cross a 40 foot street, natural gaps long enough to permit walking clear across will occur on the average of more than o~e a minute with traffic volumes (total of both directions) up to 500 vehicles per hour. Above that volume, natural gaps wil'l be shorter and less frequent. e. Some factor of safety is needed to allow for slower walkers, inability of children to judge borderline opportunities to cross and other unfavorable conditions. This factor of safety is provided. The whole ~idth of the street is rarely blocked simultaneously so that a child can start across while the opposite side is blocked. The ob- structing vehicle will have cleared before there is any conflict with . the pedestrian; thence, the actual time'available.for crossing is greater than that used as a basis for calculation. This is especially true at school crossings because the children cross the street in one direction only during a gap in traffic." The data contained in the following table on the next page was obtained, by the Kansas Highway Commission, from analyzing the field data resulting from studies of more than 75 school crossings in the State. Subsequent studies made regularly have verified this data. . 15 I. I . . . NATURAL TRAFFIC GAP TABLE STREET WIDTH FEET REQUIRED CROSSING TIMES IN SECONDS MAXIMUM TRAFFIC VOLUMES PERMITTING ONE SAFE GAP PER MINUTE, VEHICLE VOLUME PER HOUR 600 575 565 540 520 490 460 425 385 340 325 300 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 '80 13 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 19 20 crossi ng of the street. In other words, it becomes necessary to create a suitab 1 e gap when the same does not occur regu1 ar1y in the traffi c. II 16 . SECTION L METHODS OF PROTECTION It is the responsibility of the child aided by the school patrol member or by a mechanical device to select the proper gap in traffic and safely cross the street. When there is less than one natural safe gap per minute, those responsible must establish controls to create adequate artificial gaps. This is the basic axiom of school crossing protecti on. Safe gaps may be provided by either installing pedestrian actuated school crossing signals or completely signalizing the intersection. . The most difficult question to answer is, "When should patrol protection or a signal be used to protect a particular crossing location?" As previously stated, Traffic Engineers are able to analyze statistical data from various crossings and determine theoretically the comparative safety for specific crossings. Through the recording of the data taken from actual crossings and the evaluation of their safe operations, em- pirical formulas have been devised. This has led to the setting up . of standards or criteria, \~hich are called "warrants". When these warrants are met, that is to say when vehicle and pedestrian volumes for a specific length of the crossing reach the level requiring a part- icular type of control, every effort is made to provide the type of control or traffic protection suitable to the warrant. The simple fact that a crosswalk exists in the proximity of a . school, warrants the placement of school crossing signs. However, the warrant for a school crossing signal or fully signalized intersection is, understandably, much more complicated. School safety patrols have proven very use~ul since their inception 17 . iri Salina. When properly used, the patrol fulfills a three-fold purpose. First, it provides supervision at a crossing which needs only limited protection. Second, its members instruct and guide younger children to correctly choose safe gaps enabling them to cross streets safely. Third, it provides the child with a better understanding of safety, creates leadership and a sense of responsibility. There is agene:ally accepted concept among safety educators that pupils should be taught at an early age how to cross streets safely. Parents and educators are the logical ones to do this job. In no case should the patrol member be expected to assume the responsibility of directing vehicular traffic. When sufficient natural safe gaps do not occur in traffic, artificial safe gaps should be mechanically provided only by authorized devices. School crossing signals installed in Salina shall be of the standard type with red, yellow and green indications to motorists. They should be mounted at intersecions in standard.position on pedestals or mast arms and display a solid green to motorists 24 hours a day except when actuated by a pedestrian. They are different from regular traffic signals in that they do not control side-street traffic, but instead have the push button for actuation by pedestrians. They are always signed as school crossings. When pedestrians approach to cross the street, they push the button which actuates the light. The signal goes from solid green to amber, which is visible to motorists for approximately 3.5 seconds, providing time for passing vehicles to clear the crossing and approaching vehicles time to stop. This 3.5 second clearance time is followed by the red . stop indication. Red represents the pedestrian crossing time and clearance. time and.is present for a specified number of seconds at each . 18 individual crossing. ' After each pedestrian crossing and clearance . i nterva 1, the signal' reverts to sol i d green for a certa i n,amount of ) time at each individual crossing before the signal will again respond to pedestri an push button demands. Thi s enables traffi c to flow wi th- out unreasonable delay before providing another safe gap for pedestrians within a reasonable time'. Minimum pedestrian signal volume warrants are satisfied when for each of the school crossing periods the following exists:' 1. Traffic volume (V) must total at least 600 vehicles per hour . during the crossing period, and the'minimum number of children crossing in anyone school crossing period must not be less than 35. 2. The product of the traffic volume stated in thousands of vehicles per hour during the crossing period, multiplied by the number of children (N) crossing to or from school must exceed 20. It may be s ta ted thus: V 1000 When (N) = H (which shall be known as the hazard factor) "H" exceeds 20, the signal is warranted. This warrant is based upon the traffic safe gap concept to establish a uniform scale for measuring need for school crossing signals. A school crossing signal may be supplemented by a safety patrol member who has been schooled in the signal's operation. Traffic signals, with which we are all familiar, are intended as a control of vehicular traffic. It is highly desirable to use this regular signal at any school crossing which meets the minimum warrants . for traffic signal installation. The Traffic Engineer uses the warrants ,recommended by the Institute of Traffic Engineers in determination of 19 I I . . Bureau of Public Roads are: 1. The vehicular volume warrant is satisfied when for each of any eight hours of an average day, the traffic volumes given in the following table exist on the major street approach to the intersection and on the hi gher volume mi nor street. TABLE 1 MINIMUM VEHICULAR VOLUMES FOR REGULAR TRAFFIC SIGNAL INSTALLATION HIGH VOLUME INTERSECTING TRAFFIC NUMBER OF LANES FOR MOVING TRAFFIC ON EACH APPROACH VEHICLES PER HOUR ON MAJOR STREET (TOTAL OF BOTH APPROACHES) VEHICLES PER HOUR ON HIGHER VOLUME MINOR STREET APPROACH (ONE DIRECTION ONLY) MAJOR STREET MINOR STREET 1 2 or more 2 or more 1 1 1 2 or more 2 or more 500 600 600 500 150 150 200 200 2. The "interruption of continuous traffic" warrant is satisfied when for each of any eight hours of an average day the traffic volumes given in the following table exist on the major street and on the higher volume minor street approach and the signal installation will not seriously disrupt progressive traffic flow. 20 . TABLE 2 MINIMUM VEHICLE VOLUMES FOR REGULAR TRAFFIC SIGNAL INSTALLATION INTERRUPTION OF CONTINUOUS FLOW NUMBER OF LANES FOR MOVING TRAFFIC ON EACH APPROACH VEHICLES PER HOUR ON MAJOR STREET (TOTAL OF BOTH APPROACHES) VEHICLES PER HOUR ON HIGHER VOLUME MINOR STREET APPROACH (ONE DIRECTION ONLY) MAJOR STREET MI NOR STREET 1 2 or more 2 or more 1 1 1 2 or more 2 or more 750 900 900 750 75 75 100 100 3. The minimum pedestrian volume warrant is satisfied when for each of any eight hours of an average day the ,following traffic volumes exist: . a. On a major street 600 or more vehicles per hour enter the intersection (total of both approaches); or 1000 or more vehicles per hour (total of both appraoches) enter the intersection on the major street where there is a raised median island 4 feet or more in width; and during the same eight hours there are 150 or more pedestrians per hour on the highest volume crosswalk crossing the major street. 4. Progressive Movement. It is occasionally found that the install- ation of a traffic signal at a non-signalized ,location can be justified based upon its position when considered within the limits of a time- space diagram i.e. vehicles need to be channeled into groups of a size and speed that can be handled at the next signalized intersection. . 5. Accident Experience as a warrant: a. Adequate trial of less restrictive remedies with satisfactory observance and enforcement has 21 . . . failed to reduce the accident frequency; and b. Five or more reported accidents of types sus- ceptible to correction by a traffic control signal have occurred within a 12 month period, each accid- ent. i nvo 1 vi ngpersona 1 injury or property damage to an apparent extent of $100.00 or more; and c. There exists a volume of vehicular .and ped- estrian traffic not less than 80 per cent of the requirements specified in the minimum vehicular volume warrant, or the minimum pedestrian volume warrant; and d. The signal installation will not seriously dis- rupt progressive traffic flow. 6. Combination of warrants. Signals may occasionally be justified where no one warrant is satisfied but two or more are satisfied to the extent of 80 per cent or more of the stated values. These exceptional cases should be decided on the basis of a thorough analysis of facts and adequa te tri a 1 of other remedi a 1 measures whi ch cause 1 ess del ay and inconvenience to traffic. Experience indicates and patrol history substantiates that a well trained patrol member can handle the school crossing maneuver at a reg- ular or pedestrian actuated signalized intersection. 22 . SECTION ~1 SCHOOL AREA TRAFFIC SURVEY The fo1lovling survey was conducted during the months of September through December of 1971 on the follo\'ling sixty-eight (68) Salina school crossings. Listed below are the items a.nd a brief description of each column. 1. Name of the school and location. . 2. Street width; 3. Estimated time in seconds fat small gtoups of children to cross a street of a given width. 4. r.1aximum traffic volume p(~r hOUl' pennitting one safe gap per minute. . 5. Actual vehicular traffic volume . per hour eras sing the school crosswalk. 6. Actual pedestrian traffic using the cros S\'la 1 k. 7. - 17. Designates the existing and recommended traffic control for each intersection used by school chi] dren. 18. Hazard factor. The last column is marked Ex. for existing traffic control and Rec. for recommended traffic control for each school crossing. x EXISTING . REC01t!i1ENDED 23 . --,mm lld~l~it~~t-~~~~li~lm~~~~~~~~~kqi~olil O;;~-;'I;Ht;::?! I~! le';'1 I'-~'I' 1 looi ,d Id I I"j Ic,;j 1,,,,;1 'C!:, I'-j I,;, I~' L!\."_l I --I l I 1 I ! I 1..-1 I C'.) I (>')1 1~11 I 1 N~-'ll"""-l"--" '-l--'.-....--t-.-~r-I--'-------I--"."u, - ,--,---;---------1--,.--,---8 ',--hIT''' --,' 1.---1--'t-~:-- " IV_ Jll..l ::dOI I :,'; l'll !; ~ !~~I :'! 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It"'-;;, e, <I( c. ~ "1 j ~ ~ '" 01 1 "'I "'1 I ~ ~ -~- ---- _j_l -- ----lJ-- J--U z>- '" .=t ,-.: _i 5 ~ 5 L() ~\]!l ~I g]1 uOC.)~l- r.:(;::-~::c C~ V} ----- . 0'> N .cr. .c..!'.J ::r:::c lJ.~ Z Ll.J ~g~~~~1 ".1 ~I I~ L~'fi! 1<1~ I ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ <='1; I' l'" 4Lr1 w1'1 II ' ?:D-Ot0L::'-~ I EJ~ ~-- - 1- T - 111 !h ~J~ -~ ~ --tlJi ~ ~ N'J<'Oi <'01 I~I I~ , ------ ....J -~-l- ___-'-'-LLj I . ill <= >, L_I . , s- u cr.1 ~ 1/)10 <= <7"1 - .a r; 1.:31 <= Z ~I~ :IT: IE 0 Ie;' 0 -' H ~-l os- r,' 0 (- ~-o 15 l.wl;.--< 0 ~ :J cr., , IE :r::e.'?jU ',0 0 ~l-E u 0 (-1- ,- e) V1 _J (/)C1 IU Vii", ,-- . SECTION N SCHOOL DISTRICT TRAFFIC CONTROL CITY OF SALINA, KANSAS The ultimate objective is to provide the best and most feasible protection for the school children going to and from school. School routes which have been established, although not shown in this report, were used to provide the proper signing and their location in the high child concentration area. This enables the children to walk to school ,within the protection of either school traffic control signs, stop'signs, or signalized equipment. These established routes may cause some children to walk a longer distance to an established school crossing where an existing traffic ... control is located and to avoid the use of a hazardous crossing where no traffic control exists. , The plans recommended in this report will meet the needs of nearly all school crossings. There will always be an occasional location at which the desired plan may require some revision. Any revisions that are necessary will be made in accordance with the latest "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control" Devices. The following sketches of the school di s tri cts, show only the exi sti ng traffi c control such as stops i gns, yield signs, and'signal equipment and the recommended school traffic control signs and signals. . 30 . . SIGNS A - 4 B - 18 C D - 20 E F G - 20 H - 20 I J - 20 K - L M N ~'SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS . L"J JW JI" IRON. C B J C'(T\]T'= ,f.;,,,,,,';;;,. ~p,,'-:;lRL"t J . C C [;:; PAROCHjAL Lu SCHOOL 0:: I lJ; I C B J BC' . 10"''-' 'Y'. . B J B \'::L...-...............q J F~ ____Jl,~ I,/'VENUE 'C B'~- B'--- I'-, \ , J J A I- uJ W oc l- V) J _ ~ 1-> TREET ~ . J:;i~:~i<:~;l~:! ~ ""t!:~.;:<;:::j In NORTH . JIv JIc- ) BARTLET > ) SCHOOL 6" libf.':;:::;:,:, 'e:. C C = .to.:'.,.:"''''''' ,l~ "1UL - ~ . , E Niltillid", J' BE ,RY ,g-fRfEJ) ~ '1--1-1 rs r C C - ~ '" ' , ., L 15 A~;:r :r::r: [;J ~t i= I- k c~ I~ ;::z ~ w SO ' C C B J zC C ~ > l' UTH ~. ~ ,", IC .nCJ-:: C ~l ~T JlA WALNUT . '-- I-j(.J w w 0:: l- V) Co ~_ IB j C > K . J' 11f. ,~,,oo ROl> Ollt ~ " " '/IRkJJ!.1y I{/jR '0It/) f.... ~ ~ ?if cq C >--. <'2 32 N '\ " SIGnS A 2 B - "4 C D E F G .3 H - 3 I J - 3 1< - 2 L M N 3 -Ej7! "'''AUZFD CROSSINGS . SIGNS A - 13 N B - 20 C D - 10 1 E ,. , F , G - 10 . H - 10. I J 10 K - l M N I .:CR. SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS "C A" . . S\ . C n.S A .~_!~ . ." C AS ~: A. A, CRAHFORD B . C; - S .A . I ' ~....--..---. I I. r A S - B -- ~ "A A .. ." J . J . c .. ~~] C B FRANKLIN C . -SCHOOL J C . . fif', ..:;:::;:;:;:;:::;:;:;:;:::::;:;:. :.:.:.;.:.:.;.;.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.: S. ~Ii;~!~II::;2 .~lqCl .b C oJ Jv "J: C " A "~ I C B A 'e J;l./D.. i - oJ J . 'FROST fRANKLIN "- J - " ::c .oj Cl w !2: c Zc . LLI ."" ""C . . w ::c ::c~. ... . ~Ir:t . > ..... t- HILSON. . !2: 1:-..,.--- w Z Z .", --' w ..... CI~ cp;"i w ..... Z 33 N . ~ . . f-. wL . w :::> w z. "" w .. e I- e >. ".,. Vl ;:'-1 ~_~_ --- IRON . c "- . e A G . W e :::> z "-, > "" J STAPlfR" O~ ~ ~ J 3: GLENIF'ER "" J r HILL --' W SCHOOL 0 I<>" e . GYPSUM C B .K '" . C ""- ~" .>L J " e .-- -~ J r 2: H "" Vl 2: z 0 J ..: ..... o z H u Vl H :;;:: SIGNS A B - 2 C D - 6 E F G - 6 H - 6 I J - 6 K - 2 L M N . 34 . 11AYNE ' e. e , , , J J) " ' , , c) J Cl cY <<: :;;: , Cl , LLf :c u cO: o .cY c GRACE E, STEWAR SCHOOL t-'0~ ~<vV 35 hi \ '\ ~l , -' ~ K C o .>--< :c o . ~ ~ '0 1t, ,~ ~, '" '0 .,*- '.p ~{;> ,> SIGNS A - 3 B - 4 C D 8 E , F G - 8 H - 8 'I J 8 K 2 L M N . -$- S I GNALI Z~D CROSS I NGS . .& Y,;l .% 'f<, 7.1-' :r: V) ::::> '" o z --.. :r: V) ce: ILl "'- :c . .f- -2: w > w -' w d[~liN~ b ~l" J J ::::::.~\..~q .. ..- ........ A .' . J _Il:11 A ~c HILLIS. N \ , '\ i 1 I B . ~~;' \~~ ~. .o.B . -$- A SI~NS - 9 B - io c D E .( G- 6 H '" 6 I . J > K 6 L t~ N 6 z .~ .W .,0 <.r: :I: SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS 36 f- w w IX f- V) :r r:: z >-< z A. L'~ . ,WOODLAND " 1 - "-", p, ~, PACIFIC ~I (X ,~" "VENUE C ~L1 , f- f- LL! UJ , LaJ. Ctr A A UJ ~-~ ' rx: f- .-'- V> UJ :::> 2: UJ , ,or > C C C J ~ CI- <:( C ::::, '<=-.,- A iLfJl!l.Ii I~ :7 ~ J>ik; '-- J C i .............. J, < C "C C ........................... ............................ ':':':':':':':':':-:';':':'. ~ --' -........................... 0 ttffilirri A 0 I ..;.;.;.:.:.:.:.:.;.;.;..... Ll :t:i::?::!iJ:::::J:;~ - B .CI) C w z i:i1!~~:!1!!i!:::1:!.i,\ ~. , J D OC ~ , 0 E I' f- :rmr::/r::: ~ F ~ ............................. ;, J B G IB ............................. I C- r A C ;.:.:-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.:. C JC .. ............. fj'--:: ' "Iq--v--q H GRAND J /,C -_. ~q AVt.ill!~ ,.~bl b ' , B I C J 'c C C =jl C A C '--- J ~ K L .oj .1 M J N C C , C C C- Ir LINCOLl IP . AVENU~ :c UJ 1-- C f- C C C ~ C C] LL 2: :c UJ :c :c f- z <:( > f- f- :c UJ f- UJ 2: 2: ill > Z -' UJ ~ ~ UJ <:( UJ f- 2: LU V> V> . .~ ~ ~~ -i>:~ , ~V <Q ~ SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS . 37 SIGNS '6 8 10 10 10 10 B ~ 'c HEUSNER SCHOOL """',^PQLIS 'L~ ' . REPUBLIC BELO IT ELLSHORTH . JEHELL KIRHI N . I- z co n:: "- ~ A GJ J p...............c . .J r. L r- w z n:: CO .<:0 Vl CO ~ ~ J , B J ~ Bo -C c c . ~.~1~..~~~ .- J :l!Wljm\U\mm:!mm~ . ~ jmmm~i~im:mm:m' B ~~B o:o:-:-:-:-:-:t'~I;h1iC: -l~ .~:!:i:i!li:i~~!"i:j:i: ~~ i" B -C c ----". G J 1\" Ii \1 I \ ,\ '\ \ j If ~. C c.. C A ..C ( J. C J. C C .n ~ c SIGr,:s A - 6 Ii - 13 C o - 14 E f G - 14 H 14 r J K L o. N N -$-SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS >- u Z ..... ::> cr. z CO 1-. cr: CO z 38 ,~ :c o c:( o n:: 14 . . OTTO VENUS . ~ :# ~~'" ~v f- f- w '" '" -< :I: J~ ~ J -:----:--.q J 6 B A ~ KENNEDY SCHOOL .J .~ B ~ . J o~ 2 <:C :s w (.oJ <:C. :r: 39 IL ..~~ 1 ..1. MERCURY . I w. '2 <:C .J . . :::J .... JUPITER N . ~. '\ ~ . SIGNS A. - 2 B - 4 C D.- 8 E F G- H 8 . - 8 J J - 8 K' .L M N . REPUBLI C e: BELOIT ,MINNEAPOlIS .. .J ? LOWELL B C SCHOOL,}-_ Illr "':~{';':-:(':I::.',;,:,;,:,:,:,:, J 'c."~"~.: B. C A? '8 BA ~~~ i n;~" l > . A C B lc.j~CUi C ~c A... B A C}~a nB ~ C_ G .C w .0 [L. Z c( < :c ..:.J r-' .:I: 2: r- <!J "< 2: '"" <q >-< :r: 2: 40 :~_ SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS N ~ 1 . . SIGNS A 2 B - 10 C D - 6 E F G - 6 H - 6 I J - 6 K L 'M N .. \ IN . \ \ 1 .~ \ I o ~,. c3 c: J o cJ: o cx: B A B . .'S AVENUE btE1~ ~ .C o cJ: o ex: . C SIGNS A - 1 B - 12 C .D - 7 E F G. - 7 H - 7 I J - 7 K - L M N ~SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS . J f-. 2: :::> o ~ >- cx: cJ: :>: D o o -~ ::J --J MEADOWLARK SCHOOL I NORTH"'12fJ4' r-6' , '1 'i'-- '. o o ~ 1-: LL.-. ..... cx:. o 41 . SIGNS A - 4 B - 12 C . D - 15 E F G - 15 H - 15 I J - 15 K L M N . -$- SIGNALIZED L'<Jl w . W LLl ~ ::> :~ ::> ~ z z w w w :> :> ~ C ~ B J C ~ c EU1 D~Bp '0 STREET ~ c;, J C .. C .. C A . . . A C I. . C B J C . c "J\SR ~ ~Q STREET B A C J A C ..C C J A J ? .' B B J -~ C; ~J:L.e~ - .'~Q .:Jill:!t~ ,ll '8 AVENUE ,J ;. B ~ OAKDALE SCHOOL J ", " C J C . ~ IRON , q AVENllL- p . J C ., r' c C -- ? ..--. V) "" z ~ J ::::? 0 Tr' CROSSINGS z z W t:l.. 42 ~ >-l CD :E ::> ..J o U r . I BIRCH .- .' REDWOOD REPUBLIC I.' L C'C?t. ~1z ~~ , 1'(' SUNSET SCHOOL ~ j\ C CRAWFORD D J JO' <l _,} B A C ~ C J CHEYENNE KIOt<IA W uJ ~ o "" w :r: ___C) ILl :r: L> '" 43 0- c( !\1 1 ~ '\ . :;;: c( .1- L> o :r: L> FRANKLIN I PONCA IS SIGNS A - 3. B - 6 C D - 8 E F G - 8 ARAPAHOE H - .8 I J 8 K 2 L M N ~SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS . . A B - C D - E F ' G -. 18 H - 18 1 J 18 K 4 l H N SIGNS 9 16 18 L\J $SIGNALIZED CROSSI~GS' . . ~~- A cr cU _~U >- ~; -< C B J C . ~ ASH I....v- q ST. ^- J ~-" Bo C , C C 4C . . ( ,. oA . C C c"'_ C.. ~ , ST. c , C nC A W- C C ~ B K c- q~q . IRON^~ B lC Ay"E. K C C J , A I . ~ '---- C B J f/i IINLVERS IIi " , .~ .---.-P.LA C F~. P~Bp C J , . - A J - .) .J ~ C B J C~ CIno HALNUT b pI . " ST. C J C PC C J j A' J~ , . WHITTIER ~ .' G A B SCHOOL CEDARp~~,B It( -----q ,. . tl E-~B 'Ill ~B A (; 1 J . . I C A fiiqf""". ',.;';';' SPRUC.-L.--. . ~n B-~-:.". A C B J . J J J :c A 1-- u. ...J Lu C CV>~K_~ c.F 'SOUTH tJ w dfc~-r Err. -_.. c ~--~~ c c 11~ -, I'r) o :r . U D-IA . 44 c q ............... ':...... -.... '~~l rrn1.).':::::::::::: l""J'i;Mi;I$!l!t J'I)l!;I!';!!"";;!!;'i!, r . !(> ~ >-< l/) : .~ ~ - LESLIE ~b " CJ. HIGH PLACE J . . z C> l/) 0:: -< -' I- er: '" ::r: ro w t!J J ~ c J" c" WAYNE. 45 'x 1-. er: :::> C> u.. J~ SOUTH JUNIOR HIGH [\~ \ ) j SIGNS A B C .D - 8 E F. G - 8 H - 8 1 j - 8 K i. M ..N . eo' I' e , , - 1-- w w ex: l- V) ::c I- r< o tL SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL _ . "" 0; o ro V) o J B J ,J ..........................q ~q- -CLOUD N \ I \ \ 1 1 , ALBERT c SIGNS A B 2 ." C D - 4. >- E u F z: ..... G 4 :J 0- Il 11 - I J 4 K L M 'N ~c J MAX RALPH CARL c -$- SIGNAUZED CROSSINGS' 46 . . '. . BOlle. . RAHl~ . A:1D ERS ON . ~ J SALINA . CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL J . -' " - . '. '.' '" . . . J ." ...., ~. [ z' . o w Vl Vl >-< >-< z cc z z w :::> ><: Vl f- Z o cc LL w cr: o :E: ...J W N , \ I 'l , \ ., 1 ., , ., J CRAHFORD C -' . MILU'IOOD MANOR MELLINGER MCADAI'lS ::c u ~ 0:: · f/j-.. SIGNALIZED CROSSINGS . . . . 47 SIGNS A B C D 4 E F -G 4 H 4 I J 4 K L M . N . 'S;) ~. r--".'''' C-u ~-~_.~---"""'=...,_.:~:-,/ <t 0--0 -' .0 Z L'J <t ]~' AU'ORA :::J , EDIIARD ..-Il C J I .. \Zt.~\\nS()"'\c . ~lAYFAIR. ~ c !>-\\'.. . c . \!$)\\\c,\. . S!>-'i-\\$()\l~ . ?5 r: 0: o Z w V) I f- :J , SIGNS A B-2 C .0- - 2 E F . G- - 2 . H - ~. 2 1 J- 2 K L M N 48 . /:""'" e~ "'" '. <;z $I '''... ( . ')~1::*~;-~ ') I l~f\' i \\",." ' . Sl-1 30"X 30" -1\ [$,~H9.9~] '. S4--3 24"): S" 'D. . .. '"eM"""'__ , 11 s~~f~ i R2-1 24"X 30" I'H'" . , '-'Rcf'].,?",! ' PARKiNGji ~8' ,,~') A" SCHOO\.. PA'i's I ..... $- ~f M~A.M. TO .q\)(nnt nr-~> . , -~--_._-- .'. L 8:30 A1fl TO,5:3UMJ $4--1 '4'1 X lO" "E" . ~===~-" ~IjOOLJi \;'n",..,,,.,,,,,,j ~___'_ u" ''''', ISPEED I . ! LIMIT , I I I I , [ ~ (t"" . "'"',',,,','" : 8:30AM. , ' . ~:r~~':~?,~~:. SIGN ASSEMBLY 'J" ,,/'''-, , / " q ':'" 4} i', " (' 1\}..},\",1l.:, "''', "fl;"/[ : -l'\ \- ! - u_" m._ .._'_'=~_ J S2~1 -30")(30;" ~B"" WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT . 5-1_.2. ~.j" ~ 10'1 "F" r=..........=":'" --~ I~HO~] ~_._._._... ..--,...--- ...-.-..---j f' "j SPE"ED LIMIT ;, e.~OO/\t,\ TO'1:0;::'Pl,l SCHOOL lVXS SlGN 'ASSEM8L y . .jY f((~f\ 1""X^ ,," , 0 \L. t r:~~~.~~~~~1 G',I~.,<,M.. !Q....~~9?.:E-- <'~> ,--------- "M'" 49 RI-I 30~:'<30'" "c" S:COAMT04:00PM SCHOOL L\W5 24"X 10" "G" SCHOOL . SPEEDLIM/T ~~' ,,'....-. t1ii. . C~Qi e.'''. ~~'."8 >.A;. WHEN flASHiNG PEDES1Z\L MWNTFD "'6"X ~~-;, ,,", .'..;,'V "K" frl"S 18">~2.:1" ~At~~;~~l f~t.HCC>t Q~:rs. j' 'r.l,\:ll....'.t."I'O"'.," J~)<.;M.V.'r.;~F'N 1:)O.f:'M'.~!51"1.t .- . -----+-- 'N" . -RESfl5tNTIAL. - - ----- . . RESIDENTIAL - RESIDENTIAL NO STOP f , , I j , , , J: 0, i , , i I , 1 ; , . I , " I , , , , ! " f-' w' W: '0:: , f-' V), . . , ! , \ , 'dB dJ: ~'r-'----- ------ ----- I~. II ~ I I STREET --;-------;p --------tf~- - - :6;--------- --------- '--- -, \ ,j 1 , , I I , , I I I , . I I..J I '<( '0 :f- i,J /z ,. IW 1 '0 I 1- I IV) , ,W , ,0:: I . . I 1-: w; .W' .0:::; r-I ' V)' I I , . . . ., , . , I , , 0, J ~ I K, I . , , , I 1 , I ., -- --------------- ---' - - r1 RESIDENTIAL I : ~I. -------'--:A-P--------c'D-b1~ - - -..,' . B\-- -;' , ,Q I , B I. I I I I , , ' 1 I I : " ,0 , J ,0:: I" o ,K I, '<( , '2 I I I , , .J I 50 RESIDENTIAL - MolAJOR , TWO WAY STOP: , I , , , : , , , , ", de OA '~------------- -------- ~, STREET ~ - ------- --- --- --- . . . , , , C I , Oi-___~ A . . ...r-----\,dc. d -MA-Jc5R---;----------'1 :. : )-_________.~n---'---- ..11 I~ . ~I I,.. . .-~-----------------! I 11_----------~IB~J~L-um. p CD '~----..J' A ~-- .., \ 0 I C I I I I I I I r- I , 10:: '0 'I 1<( 12 I I , I I I I , , , A U< , i I , MAJOR -- MAJOR FOUR WAY STOP 1-1 w, w' 0::' f-' If): , I ., , ,0 A I I I , I I I I , MAJOR - MAJOR SIGNALIZED I r-! w' wi 0::' In! , , , , I , AD , I , , , , B I I OJ- -4 A. -MAJOR----------- -!tf-- -- ,-)9.~-~------.9..---------- ,II II~ II . ~II 'I. T ______-'____ __________._ , I 1'L _ _ 5 REET P . BO"'l-_---.rO -- -------------- A or - -la . ,1 : B I I I i , , I I I : ,. ,0 A , I I 10:: I 10 I 'I I ,<( , '2 I ., I .. 51 . J 0' I I I I . . , . . c' 0: I / ---------. -' MINOR ~ ----------- Jb . ........., . . --------.--,. , , " MINOR . I J~K 01 I I ti: I w' , 0:: I : rr.: : VII I , . , , 1-- QB .. " l----- ----.-- --- ---- ----- ----" I I [Ii '. . t)----------------- - --- ------ --cp", BD '. :0 "' Ie. I , , , , ., I , I , I I I . : SCHOOL I I , 1 1 I 1. , I I , , .1 1 PROPERTY ,. 52 I . 1-: w' Wi 0::1 1-: (()l , \ "-.9.<;. _ _.. __9.~ ~ __~n~f;q_ _ , I , I . . . . . . . Clc QJ ..-- - - - - - -- ~ . , 1 1 I , : I , I : I . I .' . I _ 1":<;1.6':' - - - - - -:- --,- - . - - -~ - - - - - - - ._-. . / II ~-IL JP -- 'aT - --t- ------ ---- -- - --- ------ct),- - . :- - ~ MID BLOCK CRDSSING \ i : AND SCHOOL ZONE: : 0:: :0:: : :0 ,0 , " iZ i !<( 12 .0 12 J . I I I I , , I 1 61 O~__.J I I '---Q , 6 I I I , I , I I , , I I I , . STREET ~----------- , , . . . I 1 I , , , '0 j....K - -- ------------ ----- - - --------.... - , /' CO " , , . , , , , , I , 1 , 1 I , , , J ' I orl I K' I 0; , I , I 1 1 1 I 1 I I , , I , I. I I I I I I I : I I : :. 1 I I I : I :: SCHOOL :.: I , B: I 01 I :' c===. , '0 I ' I B I I , I I .1 , I I I I , I PROPERTY 1 1 I , , 1 , , , I C I , '0 I . ~ ' 1.--__-. I , , I ~-- -'i' as ,. '~iiNOR----" . 'Il- - ------------ .-'--- ---:-----,' I,., ' lJ -~-- - ~ - -- - - - - - _.:. - - - - ~- -cP", ~g MID BLOCK CROSSING \: : AND SCHOOL ZONE , , , I 10 'J . MINOR . ~ - ---------- JP . . I , , 1 1-' wi w' 0::1 1-:" if) , , , I , , , " J . .....-- --- -- ---- - -- - - --- ------- , . " , J o , , , , , . 1 10:: 10 lz ,- ,2 , , 53 , I 1-: w' w: 0::: Ini . \ "'.. ac ..---------- __SLRJ:_EI , , , \"- Oc OJ ~ ~',~~~~~t_ ,. , , I '0:: :0 ,z ,- 12 . . , " , 1 , , , '0 , J K . PUSH BUTTON TRAFFIC SIGNAL STANDARD -_...:..- - - - - - - - - -'- -HJ<lS_-- - - _9.0__ __ _....9L__ ,'MAJOR ' " I STREET - JI:>- - - - -~15" - - - - - 1\1:> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - MID-BLOCK DETAIL . Il . AI '0", I I I I , c' , u I 'djl - =- - ~D~i- =-- .:: -:.::- .:: -f. ] - - - - - - - -I ' ' JiO - - - - 00- - - - - - Bt:> - ,', ~ I I , I I I I I I I I ' '" I 'I SIGNAL I- I AHEAD Ww I "0". ~ I V) I I , \ " , ClO qJ - of --=--:- -=- -=-- -= -=-=- - -= =- - --=- - , ~ --= =-_ -= STREET_=- _~ -=- ~_ /m- . I 'IQ IC I I INTERSECTION , DETAIL I I ~I Z I L 'A I 54 '" jS;0 I- ~ zo~ O;:;u . Z Q:r:~ W I.J ~ ~t:\-~ ~ 0;:00 jl Z>-~...J 0 ..,O::wo <( z~::;o i<,..f: :r: I- w D:::<.JU 0 >- if::;.: C/l Z ~I I-' 01ll0:!: ...J WZI-U 0 I-~W :5 UIIl 0 Z -1 J:V) :r: n:: O::~I-o:: I.J :::iE ~I li;~i::> UJ!l:QO V) " o:o:-+: ...:,< ' Z If') wO: 0: I-OU::> 0 I') I- OZOO i= W Z....Jli- kl w n:: V) l- n:: V) w I- Z 0 >1>", Q 6'~&'1 '<~ . ~ MINOR ...J o o :r: u V) .' "- <0 F~ _z ;:~ Will ~Ci Jo: w< '" I-w ~:cd w ~f" 5 IIlC\l::> <!l 0" D- 01-2 g 5 ~~tg Vi ; !:>:~ ~ s~~ xci -,et W c:: z W~Ouif~ >-:a cr ulii~6lJo: li:o i= J ~zf5~J~ ~< :r.:f: ~~ ....en 0:: t!i <i Z Owo.ct moOt!: a:....z t!:6 actO~ ~-Ll- ~Jf-:; ~ Y. -0-0 ....~o c:: evf'<) .~~f;:~~". '" W z m' -' "-J go~ ",0;( z:5:: -x III J<1Il ",. 0 1-'" ll:: :Co U ;:Wf- . z ' "'fQ~ C\l1- 0: g-< .!!lw !Y1(z 55 100' ...1 STREET UJ z' I ~l <( !!:!o I ~I a) w I ~I 0 I ~I z 0, ~ ...J I ~I 0 If') 1:) r<) 'I ...J ~I If) I , 'J};) , -1\;0'\-- 52-1 30'X 30" 51-1 " , 30"X30' l'l q.,) '1 i.L. /J'(/I' ..\H\ ....-..-. ._-.-. . SUMMARY Traffic and pedestrian control in school areas is a highly sensitive subject. If all the demands of parents and others were met, there would always have to be more policemen, adult guards, traffic signals, signs and markings than are being used at any given time. Such demands; however, are not always in line with actual needs. Analyses often show that at many locations school crossing controls requested by parents, teachers, and other citizens are unnecessary, costly, and tend to lessen the respect for controls that are warranted. . An attempt has been made in this survey to suggest the type of traffic control devices that should produce safe gaps in the traffic flow to allow the school child to safely cross the street if they have received proper instructions on street crossing. There is such a wide variance of opinion as to a method, or the need, for controlling the pedestrian traffic, that this survey cannot hope to set standards or criteria for this type of control. Whether pedestrian control is used at all or not, seems to be a policy matter of the unit of government having jurisdiction. While no definite criteria can be developed for the use of adult crossing guards, it is recognized that at some unusual or particularly dangerous intersection, they may be desirable. . 56 The following table illustrates the diversity in the use of adult . crossing guards. This table w~s taken from a "Kansas League of Municipalities" pamphlet containing 1971 data. CITY POPULATION SCHOOL CROSSING GUARD WICHITA 282,989 0 KANSAS CITY 169,978 33 TOPEKA 136,407 0 OVERLAND PARK 75,028 2 LAWRENCE 32,832 7 SAlr NA 39,013 24 HUTCHINSON 41,119 0 PRAIRIE VILLA.GE 29,911 4 MANHATTAN 24,796 9 . LEA VENIoIORTH 28,21 3 2 EMPORIA 17,781 4 SHAWNEE 20,320 6 PITTSBURG 20,945 0 JUNCTION CITY 19,836 1 . 57 r;~~ I':'JV -( 14. This survey has resulted in the development of quite a report, some 50 or so pages. It is presently being proofread and final assembly will be made Monday morning. I am sure the report will raise many questions. Because of lts complexity and detail, we are of the opinion that you will probably want to select a time other than a regular meeting time to discuss the subject in . greater detail. . 1~ '-'~ "'" .5 DEAN BOYER. P. E. CITY ENGINEER' BUILDING OFFICIAL f'-';~'=:;:-::::": ~~--~:"'-'-';'::S=:"";""-' "-':'t.~._________.__ te,K cl]J6ii\Y-To)~' ,f- -)~mW~s', 'j -------,-------. ,-- :.---;5::...------;:: .....--,... ,--~~.- '--/j::::.-;;:' .._--~_....__._-.. ---.- 'lfJhEU./'fot.th ~;':dj~-:.. _*-_~-;;;;n~etc~!>.t and 'lfJf'-!>.t L.'_'~=:'~:~l~~. . .N":~':'..~J CITY - COUNTY BUILDING 300 WEST ASH STREET P. O. BOX 746 SALINA, KANSAS 67401 D. W. BASSETT ASST. CITY ENGINEER RON TREMBLAY DEPUTY BUILDING OFFICIAL 'January 31,1972 THE HONORABLE MAYOR ROBERT C. CALDWELL BOARD OF CITY COMMISSIONERS CITY OF SALINA Re: Letter dated January 10, 1972 from Mrs. Charles Casebeer, President of Lowell P.T.A. - requestin9 a study of the school crossing at Santa Fe Avenue and Republic Avenue. Gentlemen and Mrs. Cooper: This office has completed the study of this intersection and the results and recommendations are included in the "School Crossing Survey", Respectfully submitted, tlww rO&A~ D.' . Bassett Traffic Engineer DWB:MKP Mf_r~l3ER K.'\~ISA.S LEAGUE or- r.I'_JNJCII'AL1TIr:~. - .~:_\'f1CN":_ U:k~;U::: or CITIES , ,~ /r -. . {*" lowcll School .Salina, K~nsas January 10, 1972 City Cornraisnionors 30::>1'1. Ash Salina, K.;J.nsas Dear Commissioners: '.rho parents and teachers at r:O\"I011 School are very interested in the safety of their child1'"n. Recently thcre m:lS a minor auto.. pedel'terian accident in;;;olving a school child at the intersection of SGmta Fe and ltepublic. Prior to the city's cutback of school-crossing flaGmen, there had been a flt\gm~ st.at:toncd at this intersection. \'Ie are askine that in your present stu:ly of traffic count in\'olvi.ng school crossinGS that the City Hill seriously consJ.der the proposal for placing a flagman at tho Santa Fo-Republic i.ntcrsccti.on. Your attention to this matter \/ill be most apprE,ciated. Sincerely, //; L "",(?h0-" .r;., (r~; ,,-,1,( i / }~s. Charles Casebeer President" 1.0'''011 P. T .Il.