Salina Water Supply Report of Joint Survey
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-"~E?ORT OF JOINT SURVEY
OF THE
.-~SALlllA WATER. SUPPLY
~ALINA. KANSAS
Octobe r . 1968
_Joint Survey Conducted By
KANSAS STATE O'EPARTMENT OF HEALTH
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WATER SUPPLY &. SEA RESOURCES PROGRAM
UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
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-TABL'f OF CONTENTS
Page No.
INTRODUCTION
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-'CLASS f FI CAT I ON ......................... ~.... .'..............;.. ~ ~ 2
--'BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WATER SUPPLY
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2
, ._.,:"SURVEY, OBSERVATIONS ......................... 3
,--Pi.uHB I NGCONTROL
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5
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ..............,.......... 6
BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTROL
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6
CO'CHEMICAl COrITROL ............................ 7
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION ...................... 7
.:COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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7
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APPENDIX:
"Form PHS-682: Report of Water Supply
Used on Interstate Carriers ............ 9
Tab 1 e 1................... e.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..'. .. .. . .. 1 J
-Figure 1.................:.............. 12
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REPORT OF JOINT StJRVEY
SAlll~. KANSAS WATER SUPPLY
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INTRODUCTION:
On October 29, 1968, a joint State-Public Health Service sanitary
survey of the Salina, Kansas municipal water supply facility was conducted
by Hr. l. Dean Strowig, Area Engineer, Environmental Health Services,
Kansas State Department of.Health, and Mr. Henry M. Holman, Sanitary Engi-
neer, U.S. Public Health Service.
Mr, R.S. Fassnacht, Superintendent, Salina Water Department, pro-
vIded information and assistance concerning the supply's facil ities.
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Salina is located in north central Kansas and has a population of
approximately 38,000 people. It provides water to the interstate carrier,
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the Union Pacific Railway Company.
This field visit was a part of the annual review of the water supply
and is used to classify the supply as a source for int~f'ttate carriers.
Under the provisions of the Interstate Quarantine Regulations, water supplies
serving interstate carriers are reviewed annually and al'e classified as
either APPROVED, PROVISIONAllY APPROVED, or PROHIBITED.
APPROVED means the supply is approved to serve interstate carriers.
It does not mean, however, that the system is entirely free from defects.
Usually minor deficiencies are noted and action on the reco~roendations
resul ting from these deficiencies i-?, expected before the next annual sur-
vey. An APPROVED classification is given on the basis of the past record
of bacteriological, chemical, and radiological quality and on the survey,
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providing quality is maintained a~d proper operations are continued. Any
time after certificai:"lon, the supply is subject to reinspect ion and, should
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It fail to meet the minimum requirements, this classification would be'sub-
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Ject to change.
A PROVISIONALLY APPROVED classification is usually the result of
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major deficiencies or failure to act on recommendations of the previous
survey period. However, the requirements of the late~t Public Health Ser-
vice Drinking Water Standards must be met. A PROVISIONALLY APPROVED
classification carries with it a definite expiration date at which time all
recommendations are expected to be satisfied.
A PROHIBITED classification is the result of a gross deficiency or
failure to act on recommendations giVen with a PROVISIONALLY APPROVED
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classification, and/or failure to meet the required bacteriological standards.
A PROHIBITED supply may not'serve interstate carriers.
CLASS IFICATlON:
For the purpose of supplying water' for Interstate carrier use, the,
City of Salina, Kansas munlcipal,water supply is given an APPROVED classi-
flcation. This classification is based on the information obtained during
the field visit and the bacteriological and chemical quality (PHS-G82).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WATER SUPPLY:
The City of Salina obtains its water from the Smoky Hill River and
15 shallow wells. Usually both ,surface water and well water are used during
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the summer months'w~ile only the ground water Is used during the winter
.lllOnths. The plant is In operation approximately 16 hours per day. The
.well ~ater Is aerated and the surface water Is' pre-settled before softening,
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, recarbonatlon, and chlorination of
. the water from tbe ccmbined sources." The plant is designed to treat approx-
..-Jmately .15 Illi II ion gallons per day. The average dally demand is 5 million
:...:=gallons.per day. 'There 15 also a recalclnlng operation at 'the treatment
c ,~Iant to reuse the lime frem the softening treatment.
SURVEY OBSERVATIONS:
. Ground Water Supply
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.,,,,Surfacewater Is not used In the winter since they report difficulty
with freezing in the pre~settling basin.
The ground. water Is obtained frem 15 shallow ~ells, varying between
65 and 85 feet fn depth and rated at approxlmatelyi ,000 gallons per minute
each with a combined output of 12,000 gallons per minute. The wells are
.all CIty-owned and are located at varying distance~ from the treatment
plant, but all within a mile and a half of the plant. The ground water Is
pumped to the treatment plant and is aerated In 'a tower aerator. This
reportedly reduces the carbon-dioxide concentration from approximately
,.,--80'lllg/l to 10 mg/l. The surface water, after pre-treatment, mixes wi th the
~elJ water following aeration and from this point on, both waters receive
.' the same treatment (Figure I).
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Surface Water
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The Intake for' the surface water from the Smoky Hill River is from
one level and has a capacity of approximately 10 million gallons per day.
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A single pump is used to del iver the water from the River through a 30-inch
line to the pre-sedimentation basin at the plant. Thepre-sedimentation
basin is rectangular in Shape and has a volume of approximately 1.6 million
gallons. Alum, chlorine, and activated silica are added to the rapid mix
,. iin'i tahead 'or thEi--f1occu 1 ators in the pre':sedinientat ion bas i n. The pre-
-'Sedimentation basin has circular sludge gathering equipment equipped with
.spring loaded scrapers for cleaning the corners. The. sludge is continuously
,drawn and discharged to the River. The detention time, based on maximum
flow rates, is approximately 20 minutes for the flocculation and four hours
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. for sedimentation. The effluent from the pre-sedimentation basin flows
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through a flume and a 36-inch pipe and into. the bottom of the aerator.
The water flows from the bottom of the aerator to the clarifiers
which consist of one Walker unit with a capacity of 5,000 gallons per
minute and two Dorr-01 iver units with a capacity of 4,000 gallons per
-minute each. At this point, lime, soda ash, alum, and activated silica are
.._....._.a~ded. .!he _sl_u~ge f.~~,the..cla.!iners.is.Lecal..cJ.nated.Jor..reuse in the
softening process. A supply of lime is maintained at the plant for emer-
gencies or shutdown of.the recalcining operation. Both the alum and the'
soda ash units are operated at approximately one-half their capacity and a
30-day supply of both alum and soda ash maiptained.
The wate;' is recarbonated following clarification and additional
chlorine i~ added. The chlorine is purchased in one-ton cylinders and
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securely fastened to scales. There Is always at least a 3D-day supply on
~ hand.
: Secondary sedimentation with approximately 45 minutes' detention time
Is provided following recarbonation. There are provisions for additional
recarbonation and chlorination, if needed, at this location. Carbon-
~-~--dioxide Is suppl ied from two Walker Carbo machines and stack~ gas from the
recalclning plant.
The water then flows to the 16 rapid sand filters. Eight of these
have a mixed filter media (sand and anthrafilt). The standard rapid sand
fIlters are operated for about 40 hours and the mixed media filters for
about 100 hours before backwashing. Both sets of fi I ters are operated at a
-rate of betA/een 2 and 2-1/2. gallons per square foot per minute. The filters
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are backwashed from 5 to 7 minutes at a rate of 15 gallons per square foot
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'per minute. The backwash water is pumped from the- clearwell with a 7,000
~gallon per minu~e backwash pump. The backwash water is discharged to the
River.
The filter effluent is chlorinated to bring the free chlorine residual
up to 1.5 mg/l ahead of theclearwells. There are two clearwells. One
~------2--llliU-ion -gallon -reservoir-.is . located west-ot-the plant and a I mi Illon
-- gallon reservoir is located north of the plant.
PLUMBING CONTROL:
The City has adopted the National l'lumbing Code and enforces it in
respect to ne~ construction and major additions. Ho~ever, there is no
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formal program for the routine Inspection and control of potential hazardous.
"connections In existing structures. A number of private wells are believed
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to be connected to the distribution system but the number Is unknown. How-
'over. under existing regulations, a permit must' be .obtalned fr~ the City
before any well can be Installed.
.!2J1TRIBUTION SYSTEM:
There Is approximately 4.15 million gallons of elevated water
storage that floats on the approximately 153 miles of pipe In the dlstrlbu-
tlon system. Valves on the distribution system were operated approximately
--once every two years to Insure operation. All large valves are operated
...yearly. . Hydrants are drained Into gravel pockets. Deadends are flushed
periodically and a continuous effort Is being' made to eliminate the deadends.
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..The water Is metered leaving the plant .and metered In the distribution system.
BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
An excess of 50 samples are taken from the distribution system each
month. Part of these are run at the water'treatment plant and a portion
.____..---.are..sent..to .theState for analysis~.The_Cityuses the fermentation tube
..~__Illethod for the determination of co I I form organisms while the State uses the
membrane filter technique. Bacteriological quality has been satlsfactury
for the past year (PHs-682).
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CHEMICAL CONTROL:
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Analyses for"operatlonal control are performed routinely at the
plant by the operator and consIst of hardness, alkalInity, calcium, turbidity,
chlorine resIdual, and pH. Analyses are run at 'approxImately )-hour Inter-
vals durIng plant operatIon. Color and odor tests are performed when specIfic
prob I ems ar I se. Ch I or I ne res I dua I s are a I so taken when the bacter 101 og i ca I
samples are collected from the distribution system. A grab sample was taken
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at the time of the survey and submitted to the Pu~llc Health Service Disease
Studies and Quality Control laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, for analysis
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(Table I).
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION:
It was reported that the principal plant operator Is not certified
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under the voluntary State program. However, he Is a graduate chemist
with many years of operatIng experIence.
CO~~ENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
I. ' A formal program should be established for the location and'
elIminatIon of any potentIal hazardous connectIons exIstIng In the dlstri-
butlon system. If any sources of unknown quality, such as private wells,
are connected to the distribution system, these sources should be examined
end routinely monitored or disconnected from the system.
2. The principal operator should be encouraged to attend short
schools and become certified under the State's voluntary certification
program.
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3. The discharge of untre~ted waste sludge to the River should be
-eliminated. Some alternate method should be considered for the disposal
of this material.
Respectfully submitted:
-----L.;DEAN STROW I G
Area Engineer
--:::J(ansas State Department of _Hea J th
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--.-HENRy H. HOLMAN
Sanitary ~nglneer
:-.U.S. Publ i c Hea 1 th Servi ce
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